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It was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] and the [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 4 April 2003, then changed on 1 December 2004.<ref name=grin/>
It was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] and the [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 4 April 2003, then changed on 1 December 2004.<ref name=grin/>
It is listed in the [[Encyclopedia of Life]],<ref name=eol>{{cite web |title=Iris hermona |url=http://eol.org/pages/5866665/overview |publisher=eol.org |accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> and is a tentatively accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]].<ref name=rhs>{{cite web |title=Iris hermona |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9264/Iris-hermona/Details |publisher=rhs.org.uk |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref>
It is listed in the [[Encyclopedia of Life]],<ref name=eol>{{cite web |title=Iris hermona |url=http://eol.org/pages/5866665/overview |publisher=eol.org |accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> and in the [[Catalogue of Life]],<ref>{{cite web |first=R |last=Govaerts |title=Accepted scientific name: Iris hermona Dinsm. (accepted name) |date=5 September 2014 |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/ef4b609faf9a35d1ea84af0ddd754c64 |publisher=catalogueoflife.org |accessdate=29 October 2016}}</ref> as well as being tentatively accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]].<ref name=rhs>{{cite web |title=Iris hermona |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9264/Iris-hermona/Details |publisher=rhs.org.uk |accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
⚫
[[File:Iris waterfall3282.JPG|thumb|right|Iris from near [[Katzrin]], Golan Heights]]
It is [[native plant|native]] to temperate western Asia.<ref name=grin/>
It is [[native plant|native]] to temperate western Asia.<ref name=grin/>


Line 41: Line 42:
It is [[endemic]] to Israel,<ref name=grin/><ref name=redlist/> (including the Golan Heights,<ref name=Shmida/><ref name=noah/><ref name=Danin/><!--also<ref name=british/>--> [[Keshet, Golan Heights|Keshet]],<ref name=Shmida/> and Mount Hermon,<ref name=pacific/><ref name=wildflowers/><ref name=signa/><!--also<ref name=british/>--> ) and Syria.<ref name=cassidy/><ref name=grin/><ref name=redlist/><!--also<ref name=british/>-->
It is [[endemic]] to Israel,<ref name=grin/><ref name=redlist/> (including the Golan Heights,<ref name=Shmida/><ref name=noah/><ref name=Danin/><!--also<ref name=british/>--> [[Keshet, Golan Heights|Keshet]],<ref name=Shmida/> and Mount Hermon,<ref name=pacific/><ref name=wildflowers/><ref name=signa/><!--also<ref name=british/>--> ) and Syria.<ref name=cassidy/><ref name=grin/><ref name=redlist/><!--also<ref name=british/>-->


===Habitat===
It grows in open places like pasture lands,<ref name=signa/> on the edges of [[oak]] scrub,<ref name=british/><ref name=Danin/> [[steppes]],<ref name=redlist/> or rocky meadows.<ref name=noah/> On heavy soils,<ref name=wildflowers/> including rocky [[basalt]], heavy basalt soils.<ref name=redlist/> or dark brown [[limestone]] soils.<ref name=british/>



==Cultivation==
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 42123 Iris Hermona.JPG|thumb|right]]
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 42123 Iris Hermona.JPG|thumb|right]]
''I. hermona'' is thought to be an easier plant to grow in cultivation,<ref name=silken/> as it can tolerate a [[Mediterranean]] climate.<ref name=Shmida/> In general 'Oncocyclus Section' Irises need good drainage,<ref name=silken>{{cite journal |first=Jim |last=Archibald |title=Silken Sad Uncertain Queens |url=http://files.srgc.net/archibald/writings/JCA_SilkenSadUncertainQueens.pdf |format=PDF |volume=67 |date=September 1999 |accessdate=9 July 2016}}</ref> minimal summer rainfall and dry winters,<ref name=stebbings/> similar to a semi-arid climate.<ref name=bees/> In temperate areas (such as the Europe and America), they are only suitable for growing by specialist iris growers, within a bulb frame or greenhouse.<ref name=stebbings/><ref name=silken/> They can be grown under glass (in frames), to protect the irises from excess moisture (especially during winter times) and also to ensure the (shallow planted) rhizomes get the best temperatures during the growing season.<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=plantsman/> They can be grown in pots (especially in deep ones known as 'long toms'), but they need re-potting, every 2 years and extra feeding. Watering is one of the most critical aspects of iris cultivation.<ref name=plantsman/> It can suffer from [[aphids]], viruses and rots.<ref name=silken/>
⚫
[[File:Iris waterfall3282.JPG|thumb|right|Iris from near [[Katzrin]], Golan Heights]]

Israel’s national collection of Oncocyclus iris is held at [[Ramat HaNadiv]] the burial place of [[Baron Edmond de Rothschild]] (1845-1934). It has an iris garden (which includes ''I. hermona'', ''[[Iris mariae]]'', ''[[Iris atropurpurea]]'' and other Oncocyclus irises) as well as a large propagation system for growing more irises.<ref name=fossil>{{cite web |first=Robbie |last=Blackhall-Miles |title=Botanising Israel, an epic adventure of war and wildflowers, part 6 |url=http://www.fossilplants.co.uk/botanising-israel-epic-adventure-war-wildflowers-part-6/ |publisher=fossilplants.co.uk |accessdate=25 October 2016}}</ref>

===Propagation===
Irises can generally be propagated by [[Division (horticulture)|division]],<ref>{{cite web |title=How to divide iris rhizomes |url=http://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/projects/propagating/how-to-divide-iris-rhizomes/169.html |publisher=gardenersworld.com |accessdate=12 October 2015}}</ref> or by seed growing. Irises generally require a period of cold, then a period of warmth and heat, also they need some moisture. Some seeds need [[stratification (botany)|stratification]], (the cold treatment), which can be carried out indoors or outdoors. Seedlings are generally potted on (or transplanted) when they have 3 leaves.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tom |last=Waters |title=Growing Irises from Seed |date=December 2010 |url=http://www.telp.com/irises/seed.htm |publisher=telp.com |accessdate=28 April 2016}}</ref>
Oncoyclus irises dislike division, but it should only be carried out when the plant is overcrowded.<ref name=silken/> Although hand pollination and germinating seedlings gives better results.<ref name=silken/>



==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:57, 30 October 2016

Iris hermona
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Subfamily:
Iridoideae
Tribe:
Irideae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Iris
Species:
Iris hermona
Binomial name
Iris hermona
Synonyms

None known [2]

Iris hermona (Golan Iris) is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris, and in the Oncocyclus section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Golan Heights in Israel and Syria.

Taxonomy

It is commonly known as 'Golan Iris',[1][3] 'Hermon Iris',[4][5][6] or 'Mt. Hermon iris'.[7][8] It is also written in Hebrew as אִירוּס הַחֶרְמוֹן,[9][8] and written in Arabic as أللّغة آلعربيّة سوسن جبل الشيخ.[8]

The Latin specific epithet hermona refers to Mount Hermon, between Israel and Syria,[10] although most of the currant plants are found in the Golan Heights.[1]

It was first found in Kunaytrah, Palestine,[11] in 1912,[12] and described by Wilhelm Bacher.[4] Although it was first published and named by John E. Dinsmore in 'Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai' (edited G. E. Post) by Vol.2 on page 596, in 1933.[11][2][13][4]

It was also published in 1934 in Fasc. II. 8 (Publ. Am. Univ. Beirut, Nat. Sc. Series No. 1 and No.3).[11]

In 1968, Bastow (within his article 'Oncocylus Irises, Part II', in The Iris Year Book 1968) thought that the species was similar in form to Iris bismarckiana except from having different types of rhizomes.[14]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then changed on 1 December 2004.[13] It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life,[15] and in the Catalogue of Life,[16] as well as being tentatively accepted name by the RHS.[17]

Distribution and habitat

Iris from near Katzrin, Golan Heights

It is native to temperate western Asia.[13]

Range

It is endemic to Israel,[13][1] (including the Golan Heights,[18][3][9] Keshet,[18] and Mount Hermon,[19][8][20] ) and Syria.[21][13][1]

Habitat

It grows in open places like pasture lands,[20] on the edges of oak scrub,[14][9] steppes,[1] or rocky meadows.[3] On heavy soils,[8] including rocky basalt, heavy basalt soils.[1] or dark brown limestone soils.[14]


Cultivation

I. hermona is thought to be an easier plant to grow in cultivation,[22] as it can tolerate a Mediterranean climate.[18] In general 'Oncocyclus Section' Irises need good drainage,[22] minimal summer rainfall and dry winters,[23] similar to a semi-arid climate.[24] In temperate areas (such as the Europe and America), they are only suitable for growing by specialist iris growers, within a bulb frame or greenhouse.[23][22] They can be grown under glass (in frames), to protect the irises from excess moisture (especially during winter times) and also to ensure the (shallow planted) rhizomes get the best temperatures during the growing season.[25][26] They can be grown in pots (especially in deep ones known as 'long toms'), but they need re-potting, every 2 years and extra feeding. Watering is one of the most critical aspects of iris cultivation.[26] It can suffer from aphids, viruses and rots.[22]

Israel’s national collection of Oncocyclus iris is held at Ramat HaNadiv the burial place of Baron Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934). It has an iris garden (which includes I. hermona, Iris mariae, Iris atropurpurea and other Oncocyclus irises) as well as a large propagation system for growing more irises.[27]

Propagation

Irises can generally be propagated by division,[28] or by seed growing. Irises generally require a period of cold, then a period of warmth and heat, also they need some moisture. Some seeds need stratification, (the cold treatment), which can be carried out indoors or outdoors. Seedlings are generally potted on (or transplanted) when they have 3 leaves.[29] Oncoyclus irises dislike division, but it should only be carried out when the plant is overcrowded.[22] Although hand pollination and germinating seedlings gives better results.[22]


References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Sapir, Y. "Iris hermona (Golan Iris)". iucnredlist.org (IUCN). Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Iris hermona Dinsm. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference noah was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference american was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "Hermon Iris (Protected)". wingedbeauty.com. 26 January 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  6. ^ Levene, Pamela (22 July 2009). "Flora, faith and folklore in the Land of the Bible". blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference tiuli was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference wildflowers was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Danin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ David Gledhill The Names of Plants, p. 2o6, at Google Books
  11. ^ a b c "Iridaceae Iris hermona Dinsm". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference rare was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ a b c d e "Taxon: Iris hermona Dinsm". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  14. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference british was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ "Iris hermona". eol.org. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  16. ^ Govaerts, R (5 September 2014). "Accepted scientific name: Iris hermona Dinsm. (accepted name)". catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  17. ^ "Iris hermona". rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  18. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Shmida was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference pacific was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference signa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference cassidy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ a b c d e f Archibald, Jim (September 1999). "Silken Sad Uncertain Queens" (PDF). 67. Retrieved 9 July 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  23. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference stebbings was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference bees was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference irisbotanique was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference plantsman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ Blackhall-Miles, Robbie. "Botanising Israel, an epic adventure of war and wildflowers, part 6". fossilplants.co.uk. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  28. ^ "How to divide iris rhizomes". gardenersworld.com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  29. ^ Waters, Tom (December 2010). "Growing Irises from Seed". telp.com. Retrieved 28 April 2016.

Other sources

  • Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 51.
  • Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966- (F Liban)
  • Sapir, Y. et al. 2002. Morphological variation of the Oncocyclus irises (Iris: Iridaceae) in the southern Levant Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 139:369-382.
  • Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan Flora palaestina. 1966- (F Palest)

External links

Media related to Iris hermona at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Iris hermona at Wikispecies

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