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|image =Jan Thomas - Infanta Margaret Theresa, Empress, in theater dress.jpg
|image =Jan Thomas - Infanta Margaret Theresa, Empress, in theater dress.jpg
|caption= Margaret Maria Theresa in 1667, by [[Jan Thomas van Ieperen]], [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], [[Vienna]]
|caption= Margaret Theresa in 1667, by [[Jan Thomas van Ieperen]], [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], [[Vienna]]
|spouse = [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|spouse = [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|issue=[[Maria Antonia of Austria|Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria]]
|issue=[[Maria Antonia of Austria|Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria]]
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'''Margaret Maria Theresa of Spain''' (Spanish: '''Margarita María Teresa''', German: '''Margarete Maria Theresia'''; 12 July 1651 – 12 March 1673) was [[Holy Roman Empress]], [[German Queen]], Archduchess consort of Austria, [[Queen consort of Hungary]] and [[List of Bohemian consorts|Bohemia]]. She was the daughter of King [[Philip IV of Spain]] and his second wife [[Mariana of Austria]]. She was the elder sister of [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]], the last of the [[Spanish Habsburg]]s. She is the central figure in the famous ''[[Las Meninas]]'' by [[Diego Velázquez]], and subject of many of his later paintings.
'''Margaret Theresa of Spain''' (Spanish: '''Margarita Teresa''', German: '''Margarete Theresia'''; 12 July 1651 – 12 March 1673) was [[Holy Roman Empress]], [[German Queen]], Archduchess consort of Austria, [[Queen consort of Hungary]] and [[List of Bohemian consorts|Bohemia]]. She was the daughter of King [[Philip IV of Spain]] and his second wife [[Mariana of Austria]]. She was the elder sister of [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]], the last of the [[Spanish Habsburg]]s. She is the central figure in the famous ''[[Las Meninas]]'' by [[Diego Velázquez]], and subject of many of his later paintings.


==Life==
==Life==
Line 27: Line 27:
===Early years===
===Early years===


Margaret Maria Theresa was born on 12 July 1651 in [[Madrid]] as the first child of King [[Philip IV of Spain]] born from his second marriage with his niece [[Mariana of Austria|Archduchess Mariana of Austria]]. Because of this [[avunculate marriage]], Margaret's mother was nearly thirty years younger than her father.<ref name="thepeerage">[http://thepeerage.com/p10307.htm#i103061 ''Margaret Teresa Habsburg'', Infanta de España in: Darryl Lundy - thepeerage.com] [retrieved 27 October 2016].</ref>
Margaret Theresa was born on 12 July 1651 in [[Madrid]] as the first child of King [[Philip IV of Spain]] born from his second marriage with his niece [[Mariana of Austria|Archduchess Mariana of Austria]]. Because of this [[avunculate marriage]], Margaret's mother was nearly thirty years younger than her father.<ref name="thepeerage">[http://thepeerage.com/p10307.htm#i103061 ''Margaret Teresa Habsburg'', Infanta de España in: Darryl Lundy - thepeerage.com] [retrieved 27 October 2016].</ref>


On her father's side, Margaret's grandparents were King [[Philip III of Spain]] and his wife [[Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain|Archduchess Margaret of Austria]]. On her mother's side her grandparents were [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor]] and his wife [[Maria Anna of Spain|Infanta Maria Anna of Spain]].<ref name="thepeerage"/><ref name="Mutschlechner">[http://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/philip-iv-marriage-and-offspring Martin Mutschlechner: ''Philip IV: marriage and offspring'' in: habsburger.net] [retrieved 27 October 2016].</ref>
On her father's side, Margaret's grandparents were King [[Philip III of Spain]] and his wife [[Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain|Archduchess Margaret of Austria]]. On her mother's side her grandparents were [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor]] and his wife [[Maria Anna of Spain|Infanta Maria Anna of Spain]].<ref name="thepeerage"/><ref name="Mutschlechner">[http://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/philip-iv-marriage-and-offspring Martin Mutschlechner: ''Philip IV: marriage and offspring'' in: habsburger.net] [retrieved 27 October 2016].</ref>
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On 28 April 1666 Margaret traveled from Madrid to Vienna, accompanied by her personal retinue. Upon her arrival at [[Dénia|Denia]], where she rested for some days, the Infanta embarked on 16 July in the Spanish Royal fleet, in turn escorted by ships of the [[Order of Malta]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. Then (after a short stop in Barcelona because Margaret had some health issues)<ref>''Verdadera relación de las fiestas y recibimiento que en Barcelona se hizo á la Majestad Cesárea de la Serma. Sra. D.a Margarita de Austria, emperatriz de Alemania, y juntamente de su embarcaciór, Y acompañamíento'', Madrid 1666</ref> the cortege sailed to the port of [[Finale Ligure]], where arrived on 20 August. There, Margaret was received by Luis Guzman Ponce de Leon, Governor of Milan. The cortege leave Finale on 1 September and arrived to Milan ten days later, although the official entry wasn't celebrated until 15 September. After spending almost all September in Milan, the Infanta continued the journey through [[Venice]], arriving in early October to [[Trento]]. At all the stops Margaret received celebrations in her honor. In 8 October the Spanish retinue arrived at the city of [[Roveredo]], where the head of Margaret's cortege, [[Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque]] official handed the Infanta to [[Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein]] and Count [[Ernst Adalbert von Harrach]], [[Bishopric of Trent|Prince-Bishop of Trento]], representants of Leopold I. On 20 October the new Austrian cortege leaves Roveredo, crossing the [[Tyrol]], through [[Carinthia]] and [[Styria]], and arriving on 25 November at the district of [[Schottwien]], twelve miles from Vienna where the Emperor came to receive his bride.<ref name="Villa"/>
On 28 April 1666 Margaret traveled from Madrid to Vienna, accompanied by her personal retinue. Upon her arrival at [[Dénia|Denia]], where she rested for some days, the Infanta embarked on 16 July in the Spanish Royal fleet, in turn escorted by ships of the [[Order of Malta]] and the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]]. Then (after a short stop in Barcelona because Margaret had some health issues)<ref>''Verdadera relación de las fiestas y recibimiento que en Barcelona se hizo á la Majestad Cesárea de la Serma. Sra. D.a Margarita de Austria, emperatriz de Alemania, y juntamente de su embarcaciór, Y acompañamíento'', Madrid 1666</ref> the cortege sailed to the port of [[Finale Ligure]], where arrived on 20 August. There, Margaret was received by Luis Guzman Ponce de Leon, Governor of Milan. The cortege leave Finale on 1 September and arrived to Milan ten days later, although the official entry wasn't celebrated until 15 September. After spending almost all September in Milan, the Infanta continued the journey through [[Venice]], arriving in early October to [[Trento]]. At all the stops Margaret received celebrations in her honor. In 8 October the Spanish retinue arrived at the city of [[Roveredo]], where the head of Margaret's cortege, [[Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque]] official handed the Infanta to [[Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein]] and Count [[Ernst Adalbert von Harrach]], [[Bishopric of Trent|Prince-Bishop of Trento]], representants of Leopold I. On 20 October the new Austrian cortege leaves Roveredo, crossing the [[Tyrol]], through [[Carinthia]] and [[Styria]], and arriving on 25 November at the district of [[Schottwien]], twelve miles from Vienna where the Emperor came to receive his bride.<ref name="Villa"/>


===Holy Roman Empress and German Queen===
⚫
After giving birth to four children, and weakened by many miscarriages, Margaret Theresa died at the age of 21. Her only surviving child was Archduchess [[Maria Antonia of Austria]], future Electress of Bavaria. Margaret Theresa was buried in the [[Imperial Crypt]], in [[Vienna]].


On 5 December 1666, took place the solemn entry of the Infanta in [[Vienna]] and the official marriage ceremony was celebrated seven days later, on 12 December. The celebrations that took place in the Austrian capital on the occasion of the imperial marriage (who were among the most splendid of all the [[Baroque]] era) lasted almost two years.
==Children==

Margaret Theresa and Leopold were parents to four children:
Not far from the present Burggarten, the Emperor ordened the built of an open-air theatre, with a capacity of 5,000 people, where in July 1668 (on occasion of Margaret's birthday), took place the premiere of the opera [[Il pomo d'oro|''Il pomo d'oro'']] (The Golden Apple), composed by [[Antonio Cesti]], which contemporaries called the "staging of the century" due to its magnificence and expense. The year before, the Emperor gave an equestrian ballet, where he personally mounted on his horse, Speranza; due to technical adaptations, was create among the spectators the impression that horses and carriages hovering in the air.<ref>[http://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/party-time-marriage-leopold-i-and-margarita-spain Julia Teresa Friehs: ''Party-time: The marriage of Leopold I and Margarita of Spain'' in: habsburger.net] [retrieved 28 October 2016].</ref>
⚫
*Ferdinand Wenceslaus (1667–1668), [[Archduke of Austria]].

⚫
*[[Maria Antonia of Austria|Maria Antonia]] (1669–1692), [[Archduchess of Austria]], who inherited her mother's claims to the Spanish throne and married [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]] and was mother of [[Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, Prince of Asturias]].
Despite the age difference, Leopold I's unattractive appearance and Margaret's appeared of [[Goitre|goitre]] (a change of the [[thyroid|thyroid gland]]), according to contemporaries they was a happy marriage. The Empress always called her husband "Uncle" (de: ''Onkel''), and he called her "Gretl".<ref name="Kathan">[http://www.hiddenmuseum.net/fruehe_gebaermaschinen.html Bernhard Kathan: ''Frühe Gebärmaschinen'' in: hiddenmuseum.net] [retrieved 28 October 2016].</ref> The couple had many common interests, especially in art and music.<ref name="Strnad">[https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd118730991.html#ndbcontent Alfred A. Strnad: ''Margarethe (Margarita Maria Teresa), Infantin von Spanien'' in: deutsche-biographie.de] [retrieved 28 October 2016].</ref>
⚫
*John Leopold (1670), [[Archduke of Austria]].

⚫
*Maria Anna (1672), [[Archduchess of Austria]].
During her six years of marriage, Margaret gave birth four children, of whom only one survive infancy:<ref name="thepeerage"/>

⚫
* Ferdinand Wenceslaus (28 September 1667 – 13 January 1668), [[Archduke of Austria]].
⚫
* [[Maria Antonia of Austria|Maria Antonia]] (18 January 1669 – 24 December 1692), [[Archduchess of Austria]], who inherited her mother's claims to the Spanish throne and married [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]] and was mother of [[Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, Prince of Asturias]].
⚫
* John Leopold (born and died 20 February 1670), [[Archduke of Austria]].
⚫
* Maria Anna (9 February 1672 – 23 February 1672), [[Archduchess of Austria]].

The multiple pregnancies weakened the already Margaret's fragile health.<ref name="Kathan"/> The Empress was very pious, and inspired her husband the expulsion of the Jews from Vienna, because she believe that they had the fault of her children's deaths. During the [[Corpus Christi (feast)|Corpus Christi]] celebration of 1670, the Emperor ordered the destruction of the Vienna synagogue and at the site was built a church on his orders.<ref name="Strnad"/>

Even after her marriage, Margaret kept her Spanish customs and ways. She doesn't speak German, and the arrogance of her native retinue led to a strong anti-Spanish sentiment among the imperial court. The courtiers openly expressed the hope that the weak Empress will soon die and thus give the opportunity to Leopold I of a second marriage. This intolerable situation was the origin of Margaret's severe depression.<ref name="Kathan"/><ref name="Strnad"/> Besides her devoted husband, the only friend that she had at court was her stepmother-in-law, Dowager Empress [[Eleonora Gonzaga (1630–1686)|Eleonora Gonzaga]].<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/eleonora-gonzaga-nevers-imperatrice_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ Rotraut Schnitzer-Becker: ''Eleonora Gonzaga Nevers, imperatrice'' Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 42 (1993) in: treccani.it] [retrieved 28 October 2016].</ref>

===Death===
⚫
After giving birth to four children, and weakened by many miscarriages, Margaret Theresa died at the age of 21. Her only surviving child was Archduchess [[Maria Antonia of Austria]], future Electress of Bavaria. Margaret Theresa was buried in the [[Imperial Crypt]], in [[Vienna]].


==Auction of diamond==
==Auction of diamond==

Revision as of 22:25, 28 October 2016

Margaret Theresa of Spain
Margaret Theresa in 1667, by Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Holy Roman Empress; German Queen;
Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia;
Archduchess consort of Austria
Tenure25 April 1666 – 12 March 1673
Born12 July 1651
Royal Alcazar, Madrid, Spain
Died12 March 1673 (aged 21)
Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria
Burial
Imperial Crypt, Vienna, Austria
SpouseLeopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
IssueMaria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria
HouseHabsburg
FatherPhilip IV of Spain
MotherMariana of Austria
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Margaret Theresa of Spain (Spanish: Margarita Teresa, German: Margarete Theresia; 12 July 1651 – 12 March 1673) was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess consort of Austria, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. She was the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and his second wife Mariana of Austria. She was the elder sister of Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs. She is the central figure in the famous Las Meninas by Diego Velázquez, and subject of many of his later paintings.

Life

Early years

Margaret Theresa was born on 12 July 1651 in Madrid as the first child of King Philip IV of Spain born from his second marriage with his niece Archduchess Mariana of Austria. Because of this avunculate marriage, Margaret's mother was nearly thirty years younger than her father.[1]

On her father's side, Margaret's grandparents were King Philip III of Spain and his wife Archduchess Margaret of Austria. On her mother's side her grandparents were Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife Infanta Maria Anna of Spain.[1][2]

The marriage of her parents was purely made for political reasons, mainly the search of a new male heir for the Spanish throne after the early death of Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias in 1646. Besides him, the other only surviving child of Philip IV's first marriage was the Infanta Maria Theresa, who later became in the wife of King Louis XIV of France. After Margaret, between 1655 and 1661 four more children (a daughter and three sons) were born from the marriage between Philip IV and Mariana of Austria, but only one survive infancy, the future King Charles II of Spain.[1][3]

Margaret didn't developed the serious health issues and disabilities (because the close consanguinity of her parents) that her younger brother showed since his birth. During her childhood once she was seriously ill, but survived.[4] According to contemporaries, Margaret has an attractive appearance and lively character. Her parents and close friends called her the "little angel".[5] She grew up in the Queen's chambers in the Royal Alcazar of Madrid surrounded by many maids and servants. The Infanta loved candies, which she constantly hid from the physicians who care for the health of her teeth.[6] Margaret's father and maternal grandfather Emperor Ferdinand III love her deeply. In his private letters King Philip IV called her "my joy".[7] At the same time, Margaret was brought up in accordance with the strict etiquette of the Madrid court, and received a good education.[8][9]

Betrothal and marriage

In the second half of the 1650s at the imperial court in Vienna developed the necessity of another dynastic marriage between the Spanish and Austrian branches of the House of Habsburg. The union had to strengthen the position of both countries, especially against the Kingdom of France. At first was negociated the marriage of Maria Theresa, the eldest daughter of Philip IV, with the heir of the Holy Roman Empire, Archduke Leopold Ignaz. But in 1660 and under the terms of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, the Infanta was married with the French King; as a part of her marriage contract, she was forced to renounce her claims to the Spanish throne in return for a monetary settlement as part of her dowry, which at the end was never paid.[10]

Then began talkings about a marriage between Margaret and the already Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I (who was her maternal uncle and her father's cousin). However, the Madrid court hesitated to agreed with this proposal. Philip IV already planned to give his younger daughter in marriage to King Charles II of England, in order to prevent his marriage with Catherine of Braganza. The Spanish King never resignated to the loss of the Portuguese crown, and tried to prevent the recognition of the House of Braganza by the European monarchies.[11]

In October 1662 the new Imperial ambassador in the Spanish Kingdom, Count Francis Eusebius of Pötting, began one of his main diplomatic assignments, which was the celebration of the marriage between the Infanta and the Emperor.[12] Negotiations by the Spanish side were led by Ramiro Núñez de Guzmán, Duke of Medina de las Torres.[13] On 6 April 1663 was finally announced the betrothal between Margaret and Leopold I; in the marriage contract signed on 18 December, besides the customary dowry, was particularly included, as a gift from her father, the famous Wittelsbach-Graff Diamond.[14] It was also stipulated that Margaret (in contrast with her older half-sister), should maintain her position in the line of succession to the Spanish throne and would pass her rights to her descendants.[15] Before the official wedding ceremony (who according to custom had to take place in Vienna) was sent another portrait of the Infanta, in order that the Emperor could know his bride.[2]

King Philip IV died on 17 September 1665. In his will, he didn't mentioned Margaret's betrothal; in fact, the context in which was prepared the document suggests that the late monarch still hesitated to marry his daughter with his Austrian relative because he sought to ensure her rights as sole ruler of the Spanish crown in case of the extinction of his male line.[16] Mariana of Austria, now Dowager Queen and Regent of the Kingdom on behalf of her minor son Charles II, delayed the wedding of her daughter. Only after the intense Imperial diplomacy efforts, on 25 April 1666 was finally celebrated in Madrid the marriage by proxy in a ceremony attended not only by the Dowager Queen, King Charles II and the Imperial ambassador but also by the local nobility; the groom was represented by Antonio de la Cerda, 7th Duke of Medinaceli.[17]

On 28 April 1666 Margaret traveled from Madrid to Vienna, accompanied by her personal retinue. Upon her arrival at Denia, where she rested for some days, the Infanta embarked on 16 July in the Spanish Royal fleet, in turn escorted by ships of the Order of Malta and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Then (after a short stop in Barcelona because Margaret had some health issues)[18] the cortege sailed to the port of Finale Ligure, where arrived on 20 August. There, Margaret was received by Luis Guzman Ponce de Leon, Governor of Milan. The cortege leave Finale on 1 September and arrived to Milan ten days later, although the official entry wasn't celebrated until 15 September. After spending almost all September in Milan, the Infanta continued the journey through Venice, arriving in early October to Trento. At all the stops Margaret received celebrations in her honor. In 8 October the Spanish retinue arrived at the city of Roveredo, where the head of Margaret's cortege, Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque official handed the Infanta to Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein and Count Ernst Adalbert von Harrach, Prince-Bishop of Trento, representants of Leopold I. On 20 October the new Austrian cortege leaves Roveredo, crossing the Tyrol, through Carinthia and Styria, and arriving on 25 November at the district of Schottwien, twelve miles from Vienna where the Emperor came to receive his bride.[17]

Holy Roman Empress and German Queen

On 5 December 1666, took place the solemn entry of the Infanta in Vienna and the official marriage ceremony was celebrated seven days later, on 12 December. The celebrations that took place in the Austrian capital on the occasion of the imperial marriage (who were among the most splendid of all the Baroque era) lasted almost two years.

Not far from the present Burggarten, the Emperor ordened the built of an open-air theatre, with a capacity of 5,000 people, where in July 1668 (on occasion of Margaret's birthday), took place the premiere of the opera Il pomo d'oro (The Golden Apple), composed by Antonio Cesti, which contemporaries called the "staging of the century" due to its magnificence and expense. The year before, the Emperor gave an equestrian ballet, where he personally mounted on his horse, Speranza; due to technical adaptations, was create among the spectators the impression that horses and carriages hovering in the air.[19]

Despite the age difference, Leopold I's unattractive appearance and Margaret's appeared of goitre (a change of the thyroid gland), according to contemporaries they was a happy marriage. The Empress always called her husband "Uncle" (de: Onkel), and he called her "Gretl".[20] The couple had many common interests, especially in art and music.[21]

During her six years of marriage, Margaret gave birth four children, of whom only one survive infancy:[1]

The multiple pregnancies weakened the already Margaret's fragile health.[20] The Empress was very pious, and inspired her husband the expulsion of the Jews from Vienna, because she believe that they had the fault of her children's deaths. During the Corpus Christi celebration of 1670, the Emperor ordered the destruction of the Vienna synagogue and at the site was built a church on his orders.[21]

Even after her marriage, Margaret kept her Spanish customs and ways. She doesn't speak German, and the arrogance of her native retinue led to a strong anti-Spanish sentiment among the imperial court. The courtiers openly expressed the hope that the weak Empress will soon die and thus give the opportunity to Leopold I of a second marriage. This intolerable situation was the origin of Margaret's severe depression.[20][21] Besides her devoted husband, the only friend that she had at court was her stepmother-in-law, Dowager Empress Eleonora Gonzaga.[22]

Death

After giving birth to four children, and weakened by many miscarriages, Margaret Theresa died at the age of 21. Her only surviving child was Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, future Electress of Bavaria. Margaret Theresa was buried in the Imperial Crypt, in Vienna.

Auction of diamond

One of the diamonds of Margaret Theresa was auctioned at Christie's in December 2008. Referred to as the Wittelsbach Diamond, it was given by her father king Philip IV of Spain as part of the dowry when she married Leopold I of Austria at the age of 15.[23] The diamond was obtained in India (as it was custom from the Royal Families at that time to bring their diamonds from India, either Hyderabad or Bihar). As of today, it is one of the few lasting Indian diamonds together with the Kohinoor (today part of the British Crown Jewels), the Régent (today in the Louvre), the Orlov (in the Kremlin) or the Hope Diamond, in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC.

Christie's sold the nearly 36-carat (7.2 g) diamond for $24.3 million, which was the highest price paid for a diamond sold at an auction until 2013.[24]

Depictions in art

Margaret Theresa is the blonde princess depicted in the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez' masterpiece Las Meninas ("The Maids of Honor", 1656), where she is surrounded by her ladies-in-waiting and other persons of the Spanish court.

There are other pictures of her, also painted by Velázquez at various stages of her childhood, where she is shown wearing Baroque dresses, which were typical of the court of Madrid during the Spanish Golden Age. These portraits were usually sent by King Philip IV to the court of Vienna in order to keep Leopold apprised of how young Margaret Theresa looked and how she was doing at the distant Spanish court.

Margaret Theresa also features in a number of Pablo Picasso's 58 interpretations of Diego Velázquez' Las Meninas, which he produced between August and December 1957. These currently occupy the Las Meninas room of the Museu Picasso in Barcelona, Spain.

Portraits

Ancestors

House of Habsburg
Spanish line
Philip IV
Children include
Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias
Maria Theresa, Queen of France
Margaret, Holy Roman Empress
Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias
Charles II of Spain
16. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
8. Philip II of Spain (=28)
17. Isabella of Portugal
4. Philip III of Spain (=14)
18. Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor
9. Anna of Austria (1549-1580) (=29)
19. Maria of Spain
2. Philip IV of Spain
20. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
10. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria (=24, 30)
21. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
5. Margaret of Austria (=15)
22. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria
11. Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608) (=25, 31)
23. Anna of Austria (1528-1590)
1. Margaret Theresa of Spain
24. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria (=10, 30)
12. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
25. Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608) (=11, 31)
6. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
26. William V, Duke of Bavaria
13. Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616)
27. Renata of Lorraine
3. Mariana of Austria
28. Philip II of Spain (=8)
14. Philip III of Spain (=4)
29. Anna of Austria (1549-1580) (=9)
7. Maria Anna of Spain
30. Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria (=10, 24)
15. Margaret of Austria (=5)
31. Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608) (=11, 25)

References

  1. ^ a b c d Margaret Teresa Habsburg, Infanta de España in: Darryl Lundy - thepeerage.com [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  2. ^ a b Martin Mutschlechner: Philip IV: marriage and offspring in: habsburger.net [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  3. ^ Antonio Álvarez-Ossorio Alvariño: La sacralización de la dinastía en el pulpito de la Capilla Real en tiempos de Carlos II, pp. 315–317 (in Spanish) [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  4. ^ Olivan Santaliestra 2014, pp. 174–176.
  5. ^ Gladys Taylor: The Little Infanta. The Story of a Tragic Life, Phoenix House 1960, p. 20.
  6. ^ Olivan Santaliestra 2014, p. 178.
  7. ^ Museum of Art History, Moscow: Directmedia 2014, vol. XXVI, pp. 89–95 (The great museums of the world). ISBN 978-5-87-107267-7.
  8. ^ Olivan Santaliestra 2014, pp. 166, 176–183.
  9. ^ Luis Tercero: La última emperatriz española: Margarita Teresa en el Hofburg in: vienadirecto.com (in Spanish) [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  10. ^ W. R. de Villa-Urrutia: Relaciones entre España y Austria durante el reinado de la emperatriz Doña Margarita, Infanta de España, Esposa del emperador Leopoldo I, Madrid: Libreria de Fernando Fe 1905, pp. 67–69.
  11. ^ Laura Oliván Santaliestra: Mariana de Austria en la encrucijada política del siglo XVII, Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2006. p. 304.
  12. ^ Jaroslava Kašparová: Po stopách knižní sbírky Františka Eusebia hraběte z Pöttingu a Persingu (1626–1678) in: www.nm.cz [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  13. ^ Laura Oliván Santaliestra: Mariana de Austria en la encrucijada política del siglo XVII, Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2006. p. 184.
  14. ^ UN DIAMANTE AZUL PARA UNA MENINA VIENESA in: masmasculino.com [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  15. ^ J. de Abreu y Bertodano: Coleccion de los tratados de paz, alianza, neutralidad, garantia...., Madrid: Antonio Marin, Juan de Zuñiga y la viuda de Peralta, 1751, pp. 620–627. [retrieved 27 October 2016].
  16. ^ M. V. López-Cordón, J. M. Nieto Soria: El Testamento de Felipe IV: atencion al problema sucesorio - Gobernar en tiempos de crisis: las quiebras dinásticas en el ámbito hispánico, 1250—1808, Madrid: Silex Ediciones 2008, pp. 48–50 ISBN 978-8-47-737215-8.
  17. ^ a b A. Rodríguez Villa: Dos viajes regios (1679 — 1666), Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia 1903 N° 42, pp. 369–381.
  18. ^ Verdadera relación de las fiestas y recibimiento que en Barcelona se hizo á la Majestad Cesárea de la Serma. Sra. D.a Margarita de Austria, emperatriz de Alemania, y juntamente de su embarcaciór, Y acompañamíento, Madrid 1666
  19. ^ Julia Teresa Friehs: Party-time: The marriage of Leopold I and Margarita of Spain in: habsburger.net [retrieved 28 October 2016].
  20. ^ a b c Bernhard Kathan: Frühe Gebärmaschinen in: hiddenmuseum.net [retrieved 28 October 2016].
  21. ^ a b c Alfred A. Strnad: Margarethe (Margarita Maria Teresa), Infantin von Spanien in: deutsche-biographie.de [retrieved 28 October 2016].
  22. ^ Rotraut Schnitzer-Becker: Eleonora Gonzaga Nevers, imperatrice Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 42 (1993) in: treccani.it [retrieved 28 October 2016].
  23. ^ CBC News- Big blue diamond goes on display in London. December 5, 2008 Retrieved 8 December 2008
  24. ^ http://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonydemarco/2013/04/16/34-carat-pink-diamond-fetches-nearly-40-million/

Bibliography

  • ANDICS, Hellmut, Die Frauen der Habsburger (Vienna: Jugend und Volk, 1985). In German.
  • BEUTLER, Gigi, Die Kaisergruft (Vienna, 2001). In German.
  • HAMANN, Brigitte, Die Habsburger: Ein Biografisches Lexicon (Munich: Piper, 1988). In German.
  • INGRAO, Charles W., Editor and author, In Quest and Crisis: Emperor Joseph I and the Habsburg Monarchy, Hardcover: 278 pages, Purdue University Press (June 1, 1979), in English, ISBN 0-911198-53-9, ISBN 978-0-911198-53-9
  • INGRAO, Charles W., The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618-1815 (New Approaches to European History) [Paperback], # Paperback: 288 pages, Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (October 2, 2000), in English, ISBN 0-521-78505-7, ISBN 978-0-521-78505-1
  • KANN, Robert A., A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918, Paperback, 661 pages, University of California Press, edition (November 26, 1980), in English ISBN 0-520-04206-9 ISBN 978-0520042063.
  • KANN, Robert A., The Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918 (History of East Central Europe), [Hardcover],# 464 pages, Univ of Washington Press, (July 1984), in English, ISBN 0-295-96095-7, ISBN 978-0-295-96095-1
  • MAGOCSI, Paul Robert, ´´Historical Atlas of Central Europe (History of East Central Europe, Vol. 1, 1), Paperback: 288 pages, University of Washington Press, in English, Revised Exp edition (October 2002), ISBN 0-295-98146-6, ISBN 978-0-295-98146-8
  • OLIVAN SANTALIESTRA, Laura, ´´My sister is growing up very helthy and beautiful, she loves me´´ - The Childhood of the Infantas Maria Teresa and Margarita Maria at Court, pp. 165–185 in: Grace E. Coolidge - The Formation of the Child in Early Modern Spain, Farnham: Ashgate Publishing 2014, ISBN 978-1-47-242880-6
  • WHEATCROFT, Andrew, "The Habsburgs, Embodiyng Empire" [Paperback], 416 pages, Penguin Books, (Non-Classics) (May 1, 1997), in English, ISBN 0-14-023634-1, ISBN 978-0-14-023634-7
Margaret Theresa of Spain
Born: 12 July 1651 Died: 12 March 1673
Royal titles
Vacant
Title last held by
Eleanor of Mantua 		Holy Roman Empress
Queen consort of Germany
Archduchess consort of Austria
1666–1673 		Vacant
Title next held by
Claudia Felicitas of Austria
Vacant
Title last held by
Maria Anna of Spain 		Queen consort of Hungary
Queen consort of Bohemia
1666–1673
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