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{{italic title}}
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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = Biston suppressaria
| name = Tea looper
| image = Biston_suppressaria_male_upperside_and_underside.JPG
| image = Biston_suppressaria_male_upperside_and_underside.JPG
| image_width =
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*''Biston luculentus'' <small>Inoue, 1992</small>
*''Biston luculentus'' <small>Inoue, 1992</small>
}}
}}
'''''Biston suppressaria''''' is a [[moth]] of the [[Geometridae]] family. It is found in [[China]] (Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), [[India]], [[Burma]] and [[Nepal]].<ref name=zootaxa/>
The '''Tea looper''', ('''''Biston suppressaria'''''), is a [[moth]] of the [[Geometridae]] family. It is found in [[China]] (Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), [[India]], [[Burma]], [[Nepal]],<ref name=zootaxa/> and [[Sri Lanka]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://dl.nsf.ac.lk/bitstream/handle/1/12723/TQ-40(2-3)-71.pdf?sequence=2 | title=THE BIONOMICS OF TEA LOOPER (BISTON SUPPRESSARIA GUEN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) | publisher=dl.nsf.ac. | accessdate=9 September 2016}}</ref>.
[[Image:Biston suppressaria female upperside and underside.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Female, upperside and underside]]
[[Image:Biston suppressaria female upperside and underside.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Female, upperside and underside]]

==Description==
Wingspan of male is 60-70mm and female is 74-80mm. Proboscis more developed. Frons less hairy. hind tibia with the first pair of spurs medial. Wings with the outer margins non-crenulate. Antennae of male bipectinate with short stiff branches. Body grey with black irrorations. Head ochreous. Thorax and abdomen with yellow bars. Fore wings with waved yellow antemedial band. Both wings with irregularly sinuous indistinct yellow medial line curved outward beyond the cell of fore wings. There is an ill-defined postmedial maculate band angled at vein 5 of both wings, with some outer margin of fore wing. A marginal yellow spots series present.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/207319 | title=The Fauna Of British India Including Ceylon And Burma Moths Vol-iii | publisher=Digital Library of India | date=1892 | accessdate=4 July 2016 | author=Hampson G. F. | pages=558}}</ref>

Larva dark green with dark somital bands and slight sub-lateral line. Spiracles white ringed with red and red centers. Tubercle on first somite and legs purple. Female larva much pale green in color. Larva known to feed on ''[[Cassia auriculata]]'', ''[[Acacia]]'', ''[[Albizia]]'', ''[[Camellia sinensis]]'', ''[[Chrysanthemum indicum]]'', ''[[Dalbergia latifolia]]'', ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', ''[[Litchi chinensis]]'', ''[[Mangifera indica]]'', ''[[Paulownia tomentosa]]'', ''[[Phyllanthus emblica]]'', ''[[Prunus domestica]]'', ''[[Prunus salicina]]'', ''[[Psidium guajava]]'', and ''[[Vernicia fordii]]'.<ref name="tealooper ">{{cite web | url=http://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=9233 | title=tea looper (Biston suppressaria) | publisher=Plantwise Technical Factsheet | accessdate=9 September 2016}}</ref>

==Attack and prevention==
Caterpillars of tea loopers are major pests of many cultivated crops. Infected plants show symptoms similar to ''[[Ectropis bhurmitra]]''. Leaves are bored and sometimes cut along the margins in a characteristic. Damage from late instars show heavy dieback and complete leaf senescence. Damage occurs mostly during the night and early mornings. They are rest on twigs and branches during the day time.<ref name="tealooper " />

Adults are usually trapped by light and pheromone traps. Caterpillars and pupa can removed by hand picking. Many biological parasites and diseases readily controlled the damage from tea looper in India and Sri Lanka, but outbreaks can be seen with the pesticide usages. Parasitoid ''[[Apanteles]]'' are excellent example. In China, NPV extracts are used extensively, which is host specific. ''[[Bacillus thuringiensis]]'' and its strain ''B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki'' also used by farmer in Assam, India.<ref name="tealooper " />

Chemical control is common in any regions with heavy attack. [[DDT]], [[BHC]], [[Lindane]] or [[Parathione]] are some effective measures.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/zoology/looper-caterpillar-biston-suppressaria-distribution-life-cycle-and-control/24058/ | title=Looper Caterpillar (Biston Suppressaria): Distribution, Life Cycle and Control | publisher=YourArticleLibrary | accessdate=9 September 2016}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://repository.rjt.ac.lk/jspui/bitstream/7013/1304/1/Status%20of%20Biological%20Control%20of.pdf Status of Biological Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Tea in Sri Lanka]
*[http://teaboard.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/teaboard.portal.gov.bd/publications/b9c9dce0_6473_47e3_81e4_cde3eda4dbb2/LooperCaterpillerAThreat.pdf Looper Caterpillar- a Threat to Tea and its Management]
*[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40011-015-0532-y First Attempt of Complete Rearing of Tea Looper, Biston (=Buzura) suppressaria, on Artificial and Natural Diet]
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260909/ A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species]
*[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12184/abstract The evolutionary history of Biston suppressaria (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) related to complex topography and geological history]
*[http://www.genome.jp/virushostdb/1049282 Genome of Biston suppressaria]
*[https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19911156750 New record of Buzura (Biston) suppressaria (Guenee) (Geometridae: Lepidoptera) as a pest of mango and some other fruit trees.]
*[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293961237_XML_Treatment_for_Biston_suppressaria XML Treatment for Biston suppressaria]


[[Category:Moths described in 1858]]
[[Category:Moths described in 1858]]

Revision as of 06:52, 9 September 2016

Tea looper
Male, upperside and underside
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Family:
Geometridae
Tribe:
Bistonini
Genus:
Biston
Species:
B. suppressaria
Binomial name
Biston suppressaria
(Guenée, 1858)[1]
Synonyms
  • Amphidasys suppressaria Guenée, 1858
  • Buzura suppressaria
  • Buzura suppressaria benescripta Prout, 1915
  • Biston (Buzura) suppressaria f. benesparsa Wehrli, 1941
  • Buzura multipunctaria Walker, 1863
  • Biston luculentus Inoue, 1992

The Tea looper, (Biston suppressaria), is a moth of the Geometridae family. It is found in China (Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Burma, Nepal,[1] and Sri Lanka[2].

Female, upperside and underside

Description

Wingspan of male is 60-70mm and female is 74-80mm. Proboscis more developed. Frons less hairy. hind tibia with the first pair of spurs medial. Wings with the outer margins non-crenulate. Antennae of male bipectinate with short stiff branches. Body grey with black irrorations. Head ochreous. Thorax and abdomen with yellow bars. Fore wings with waved yellow antemedial band. Both wings with irregularly sinuous indistinct yellow medial line curved outward beyond the cell of fore wings. There is an ill-defined postmedial maculate band angled at vein 5 of both wings, with some outer margin of fore wing. A marginal yellow spots series present.[3]

Larva dark green with dark somital bands and slight sub-lateral line. Spiracles white ringed with red and red centers. Tubercle on first somite and legs purple. Female larva much pale green in color. Larva known to feed on Cassia auriculata, Acacia, Albizia, Camellia sinensis, Chrysanthemum indicum, Dalbergia latifolia, Eucalyptus, Litchi chinensis, Mangifera indica, Paulownia tomentosa, Phyllanthus emblica, Prunus domestica, Prunus salicina, Psidium guajava, and Vernicia fordii'.[4]

Attack and prevention

Caterpillars of tea loopers are major pests of many cultivated crops. Infected plants show symptoms similar to Ectropis bhurmitra. Leaves are bored and sometimes cut along the margins in a characteristic. Damage from late instars show heavy dieback and complete leaf senescence. Damage occurs mostly during the night and early mornings. They are rest on twigs and branches during the day time.[4]

Adults are usually trapped by light and pheromone traps. Caterpillars and pupa can removed by hand picking. Many biological parasites and diseases readily controlled the damage from tea looper in India and Sri Lanka, but outbreaks can be seen with the pesticide usages. Parasitoid Apanteles are excellent example. In China, NPV extracts are used extensively, which is host specific. Bacillus thuringiensis and its strain B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki also used by farmer in Assam, India.[4]

Chemical control is common in any regions with heavy attack. DDT, BHC, Lindane or Parathione are some effective measures.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species
  2. ^ "THE BIONOMICS OF TEA LOOPER (BISTON SUPPRESSARIA GUEN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)" (PDF). dl.nsf.ac. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  3. ^ Hampson G. F. (1892). "The Fauna Of British India Including Ceylon And Burma Moths Vol-iii". Digital Library of India. p. 558. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "tea looper (Biston suppressaria)". Plantwise Technical Factsheet. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  5. ^ "Looper Caterpillar (Biston Suppressaria): Distribution, Life Cycle and Control". YourArticleLibrary. Retrieved 9 September 2016.


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