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====A monkey bite====
====A monkey bite====
On 2 October 1920 King Alexander I had an incident when he took a walk on the lands of the domain of Tatoi. A [[Barbary macaque|macaque]] who belonged to the manager of the vineyards of the palace attack Fritz, the [[German Shepherd|German shepherd dog]] of the sovereign, and the he attempted to separate the two animals. As he did so, another monkey attacked Alexander I and bit him deeply on the leg and torso. Eventually servants arrived and chased away the monkeys (which were later destroyed), and the King's wounds were promptly cleaned and dressed but not [[cauterized]]. He did not consider the incident serious and asked that it not be publicized.
On 2 October 1920 King Alexander I had an incident when he took a walk on the lands of the domain of Tatoi. A [[Barbary macaque|macaque]] who belonged to the manager of the vineyards of the palace attack Fritz, the [[German Shepherd|German shepherd dog]] of the sovereign, and the he attempted to separate the two animals. As he did so, another monkey attacked Alexander I and bit him deeply on the leg and torso. Eventually servants arrived and chased away the monkeys (which were later destroyed), and the King's wounds were promptly cleaned and dressed but not [[Cauterize|cauterized]]. He didn't consider the incident serious and asked that it not be publicized.<ref>Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 122–123.</ref><ref name="Gelardi293">Gelardi 2006, p. 293.</ref>


====Long agony====
====Long agony====
From the night of the event, Alexander I was still suffering from high fever: his wounds becomes infected and soon developed in [[septicemia]]. With the rapid evolution of his illness, doctors planned to amputate his leg but no one really wants to take responsibility for such act.<ref>Van der Kiste 1994, p. 123.</ref> Operated seven times, he was cared only by Aspasia during the four weeks which lasted his agony.<ref>Palmer and Greece 1990, p. 63.</ref> Under the effect of the blood poisoning, the young King is suffering terribly and his cries of pain where heard in all the Royal Palace. On 19 October he became delirious and called out for his mother. However, the Greek government refuses to allow the Queen Sophia to re-enter the country. In [[St. Moritz]], where she was exiled with the rest of the royal family, the Queen begs the Hellenic authorities to let her take care of her son but Venizelos remains adamant. Finally, Dowager Queen [[Olga Constantinovna of Russia|Olga]], widow of [[George I of Greece|George I]], was allowed to travel alone to Athens to be with her grandson. But delayed by rough seas, she didn't arrived until two hours after the King's death, on 25 October 1920.<ref name="Gelardi293"/><ref>Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 123–124.</ref> Informed by telegram that night, other members of the royal family learn of the death with sadness.<ref>Van der Kiste 1994, p. 124.</ref>


Two days after the death of the monarch, his funeral was celebrated in the [[Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens]]. Once again, the Royal Family was refused permission to enter in Greece; in consequence, apart from Aspasia, only Dowager Queen Olga was present at the funeral. The body of Alexander I was then buried royal burial ground at [[Tatoi Palace]].<ref name="Van125">Van der Kiste 1994, p. 125.</ref><ref name="Mateos179">Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, p. 179.</ref>
Alexander lived less than a year after the wedding. His father, King [[Constantine I of Greece|Constantine I]], was restored to the Greek throne a month after Alexander's death and returned from exile. His government officially treated the brief reign of his late son as a [[regent|regency]], which meant that Alexander's marriage, contracted without his father's or the head of Orthodox Church's permission, was technically illegal, the marriage void, and the couple's posthumous child illegitimate.

===Birth of Alexandra and its consequences===

====A Kingdom without a King====
Four months pregnant at the time of the death of her husband, Aspasia withdrew to the [[Presidential Mansion, Athens|Diadochos Palace]] at Athens.<ref>Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, pp. 178–179.</ref> In Greece, the unexpected death of Alexander I has much more serious consequences: it raises the question of succession and even the survival of the monarchy. Because the King was married without his father's or the head of Orthodox Church's permission, was technically illegal, the marriage void, and the couple's posthumous child illegitimate according to law. Maintain the monarchy therefore involves finding another sovereign and as the Venizelists still oppose Constantine I and ''Diadochos'' George,<ref name="Van125"/> the government decides to offer the crown to another member of the Royal Family, the young [[Paul of Greece|Prince Paul]]. However, he refused to ascend the throne, which remains resolutely vacant.<ref>Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 125–126.</ref><ref>Llewellyn Smith 1998, p. 139.</ref>

With Aspasia's pregnancy approaching its end, some are planning to put her child on the throne and rumors even assured that she was a supporter of this solution.<ref>[http://royalmusingsblogspotcom.blogspot.pe/2011/03/girl-for-aspasia.html Marlene Eilers Koenig: ''A girl for Aspasia Manos''] [retrieved 17 July 2016].</ref> Anyway, the victory of the monarchists in the [[Greek legislative election, 1920|elections]] of 1 November 1920 changes everything. [[Dimitrios Rallis]] replaces Eleftherios Venizelos as Prime Minister and Constantine I was soon restored.<ref>Llewellyn Smith 1998, pp. 144–148.</ref><ref>Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 125–128.</ref>

====A gradual integration into the Royal Family====


At the behest of Alexander's mother, [[Sophia of Prussia|Queen Sophia]], a law was passed in July 1922 which allowed the King to [[Ex post facto law|retroactively]] recognize marriages of members of the [[Royal family|Royal Family]], although on a non-[[dynasty|dynastic]] basis.<ref name="Diesbach, Ghislain de 1967 225" /> Thereupon King Constantine issued a decree, [[gazette]]d 10 September 1922, recognizing the marriage of Alexander to Aspasia. Henceforth, she and her daughter were accorded the title "Princess of Greece and Denmark" and the style of ''[[Royal Highness]]''.<ref name="mm">{{cite book| editor = Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh| title = Burke's Guide to the Royal Family|volume=1|year=1973| publisher = Burke's Peerage | location = London| isbn = 0-220-66222-3|page=327}}</ref> This title was customarily borne by non-reigning members of the Greek royal family, who also happened to be members of a [[cadet branch]] of the reigning [[dynasty]] of [[Denmark]].
At the behest of Alexander's mother, [[Sophia of Prussia|Queen Sophia]], a law was passed in July 1922 which allowed the King to [[Ex post facto law|retroactively]] recognize marriages of members of the [[Royal family|Royal Family]], although on a non-[[dynasty|dynastic]] basis.<ref name="Diesbach, Ghislain de 1967 225" /> Thereupon King Constantine issued a decree, [[gazette]]d 10 September 1922, recognizing the marriage of Alexander to Aspasia. Henceforth, she and her daughter were accorded the title "Princess of Greece and Denmark" and the style of ''[[Royal Highness]]''.<ref name="mm">{{cite book| editor = Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh| title = Burke's Guide to the Royal Family|volume=1|year=1973| publisher = Burke's Peerage | location = London| isbn = 0-220-66222-3|page=327}}</ref> This title was customarily borne by non-reigning members of the Greek royal family, who also happened to be members of a [[cadet branch]] of the reigning [[dynasty]] of [[Denmark]].

Revision as of 00:12, 18 July 2016

Aspasia Manos
Princess Alexander of Greece and Denmark
Born(1896-09-04)4 September 1896
Tatoi, Athens, Greece
Died7 August 1972(1972-08-07) (aged 75)
Ospedale Al Mare,
Lido di Venezia, Italy
Burial
Venice, Italy, then Royal Cemetery, Tatoi Palace, Greece
SpouseAlexander of Greece
IssueAlexandra, Queen of Yugoslavia
FatherPetros Manos
MotherMaria Argyropoulos
ReligionGreek Orthodox

Aspasia Manos (Greek: Ασπασία Μάνου) (4 September 1896 – 7 August 1972), was a Greek commoner who became the wife of Alexander I, King of Greece. Due to the controversy over her marriage, she was styled Madame Manos rather than Queen Aspasia, until recognized as Princess Alexander of Greece and Denmark after Alexander's death and the restoration of King Constantine I, on 10 September 1922.

Daughter of Colonel Petros Manos, aide of King Constantine I of Greece, Aspasia grows close to the royal family. After the divorce of her parents, she was send to study in France and Switzerland. Returned to her country in 1915, she meet Prince Alexander, who soon seduce her and became secretly engaged, due to the likely the refusal of the royal family to recognize the relationship of one of princes with a woman who didn't belonged to one of the European ruling dynasties.

Meanwhile, the domestic situation of Greece was complicated by World War I. King Constantine I was forced to abdicate in 1917 and Alexander was choose as sovereign. Separated from his family and subjected to the Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos, the new ruler only found comfort in Aspasia. Despite the opposition of his parents (exiled in Switzerland) and Venizelists (who wanted the King marry a British princess), King Alexander I secretly married Aspasia on 17 November 1919. The public revelation of the wedding shortly after causes a huge scandal, and Aspasia was forced to temporarily leave Greece. However, she reunited with her husband after a few months of separation, and then allowed to return to Greece without receiving the title of Queen of the Hellenes. Soon she became pregnant, but the King died on 25 October 1920, less than a year after their marriage.

At the same time, the situation in Greece was deteriorating again: the country was in the middle of a bloody conflict with the Ottoman Empire, Constantine I was restored (19 December 1920) only to be deposed again (27 September 1922), this time in favor of Diadochos George. First excluded from the royal family, Aspasia was gradually integrated after the birth of her daughter Alexandra on 25 March 1921 and later recognized with the title of Princess of Greece and Denmark after a decree issued by her father-in-law. Nevertless, her situation remains precarious due to the dislike of her sister-in-law Elisabeth of Romania and the political instability of the country. The only members of the royal family to be allowed to stay in Greece after the proclamation of the Republic on 25 March 1924, Aspasia and her daughter chose to settle in Florence, with Queen Sophia. They remain there until 1927 then share divided their time between the United Kingdom and Venice.

The restoration of the Greek monarchy in 1935 doesn't bring great change in Aspasia's life. Shelved by her in-laws, she made the Venetian villa Garden of Eden her main residence, until the outbreak of the Greco-Italian War in 1940. After a brief return to her country, where she works for the Red Cross, the Princess spend World War II in England. In 1944, her daughter marry with the exiled King Peter II of Yugoslavia and Aspasia became a grandmother with the birth of Prince Alexander in 1945. Once peace was restored, Aspasia returns to live in Venice. Her last days are marked by economic hardship, illness and especially depression for her daughter, who made several suicide attempts. Aspasia died in 1972, but it wasn't until 1993 that her remains were finally transferred to the royal necropolis of Tatoi.

Life

Youth

Family and early years

Aspasia was born in Tatoi, Athens on 4 September 1896 as the eldest daughter of Colonel Petros Manos and his first wife, Maria Argyropoulos.[1] Named after her maternal grandmother, Aspasia Anargyrou Petrakis,[2] she had one younger full-sister, Roxane (born 28 February 1898),[1][3][4] later wife of the athlete and industrialist Chrestos Zalokostas. From her father's second marriage with Sophie Tombazi-Mavrocordato, she had one half-sister, Rallou (born in 1915), a choreographer, modern dancer and dance teacher.

The Manos family descended, in part, from Phanariote Greeks living in Constantinople. Some of her ancestors had been leaders during the Greek War of Independence, some had been Hellenic leaders in Constantinople for centuries under the Ottoman Empire, and some had even been reigning princes of Danubian provinces: Șerban Cantacuzino, Ioan Teodor Callimachi, Nicolae Caradja and Michael Soutzos.[5] In addition, among Aspasia's inmediate family were Greek personalities of the first order: her great-grandfather was Anargyros Petrakis (d. 1892), the first Mayor of Athens and several times Minister and her uncles were the deputy and writer Konstantínos Manos (1869-1913), the Minister and diplomat Periklis Argyropoulos (1871-1953) and the Prime Minister Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis.[5]

After the divorce of her parents, Aspasia leaves Athens to complete her studies in France and Switzerland.[6][7] Having returned to Greece in 1915, she come to life with her mother. Shortly after, she meets her childhood friend, Prince Alexander of Greece, at a party given by Marshal Theodore Ypsilantis. Described by many of her contemporaries as a very beautiful woman,[a] Aspasia immediately caught the atention of the prince who then has no other wish than to conquer her.[6]

Secret Engagement

Initially, Aspasia was very reluctant to accept the romantic advances of the prince. Renowned for his many female conquests,[6] Alexander seems to her untrustworthy because their social difference seems to make impossible any serious relationship.[b] However, the perseverance of the Greek prince, who travels to Spetses in the summer of 1915 with the only purpose to see Aspasia, however, finally overcame her misgivings.[6]

Deeply in love to each other, they became engaged but their marital project remains in secret. In fact, Alexander's parents, and especially Queen Sophia (born a Prussian princess of the House of Hohenzollern) are very attached to social conventions and for them was unthinkable that any of their children could marry with people who didn't belong to European royalty.[10][11]

World War I and its consequences

The accession to the throne of Alexander I

During World War I, King Constantine I (who ascended to the throne in 1913) keeps Greece in a policy of neutrality towards German Empire and the other powers of the Triple Alliance. Brother-in-law of Emperor William II, the Greek sovereign was accused by the Allies of being pro-German because he spent part of his military training in Prussia. This situation leads to the rupture between the sovereign and his Prime Minister, Eleftherios Venizelos, who was convinced of the need to support the countries of the Triple Entente to link the Greek minorities of the Ottoman Empire and the Balkans to the Hellenic Kingdom.[12] At the end, Constantin I was deposed in 1917 and replaced by his youngest son Prince Alexander, considered more malleable than his elder brother Diadochos George by the Triple Entente.[13]

The day of his accession to the throne on 10 June 1917, Alexander I reveals to his father his relationship with Aspasia and ask him the permission to marry her. Very reluctant what he considered a mésalliance, Constantine I asks his son to wait until the end of the war to marry. In return, the deposed King promises his son to be his witness on his wedding day. In these circumstances, Alexander I agreed to postpone his projected marriage until the restoration of peace.[14] Two days later, Constantine I and his relatives arrived to the small port of Oropos and take the path of exile; it is the last time that Alexander I was in contact with his family.[15]

A bond considered unequal

Once his family went into exile, Alexander I finds himself completely isolated by Eleftherios Venizelos and his supporters.[16] The entire staff of the crown was gradually replaced by the enemies of Constantine I and his son was forced to dismissed his friends when they are not simply arrested. Even the portraits of the dynasty are removed from the palaces and sometimes the new ministers to call him in his presence "son of the traitor".[17]

Prisoner in his own Kingdom, the young monarch took very badly the separation from his family. He regularly wrote letters to his parents but they were intercepted by the government and his family didn't receive them.[18] Under these conditions, the only comfort of Alexander was Aspasia[19] and he decided to marry her despite the recommendations of his father and the opposition of the Prime Minister. Indeed, Eleftherios Venizelos, despite being previously a friend of Petros Manos (Aspasia's father), feared that she used her family connections to mediate between Alexander I and his parents.[20] Above all, the Prime Minister would prefer that the monarch could marry with Princess Mary of the United Kingdom to strengthen the ties between Greece and the Triple Entente.[c][11]

However, the relationship of Alexander I and Aspasia has not only enemies. The Greek royal dynasty was indeed of German-Danish origin and to find Byzantine ancestors to them they have to going back to the Middle Ages.[d] In these circumstances, the union of the monarch and his fiancee would effectively Hellenize the dynasty, which would not displease all the Greeks. Finally, in the same foreign powers, particularly the British Embassy, the assumption of this marriage was seen favorably. Indeed, the influence of Aspasia is found to be positive on the sovereign,[9] because she gave to him the strength to remain in the throne.[20] The official visit of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, to Athens in March 1918 also confirmed the support of the United Kingdom to the marriage project. The son of Queen Victoria in fact requested to meet Aspasia and then told Alexander I that if he had been younger, he too would have sought to marry her.[11]

An scandalous marriage

Secret wedding

Faced with the complete opposition of both the government and royal family, Alexander I and Aspasia decide to marry secretly. With the help of Aspasia's brother-in-law, Chrestos Zalokostas, and after three attempts, the couple manages to be wedded by the Archimandrite Zacharistas in the evening of 17 November 1919.[9] After the ceremony (who also included a civil wedding[21]), the religious swore to keep silence about the ceremony, but he quickly break his promise and shortly after confessed the whole affair to the Metropolitan Meletius III of Athens.[22]

According to the Greek constitution, members of the royal family not only are obliged to obtain the permission of the sovereign to marry but also of the head of the Church of Greece.[23] By marrying Aspasia without the consent of the Metropolitan, Alexander I has disobeyed the law and his attitude causes a huge scandal in the country. Therefore, although the marriage of the young couple be recognized as legal, Aspasia cann't use the title "Queen of the Hellenes": she was therefore known as Madame Manos.[24][25]

Unequal marriage

Despite his anger at the wedding, Eleftherios Venizelos permits, initially, that Aspasia and her mother moved to the Royal Palace with the condition that the marriage not be made public.[9] However, the secret was soon discovered and Aspasia was forced to leave Greece to escape of the scandal. Exiled, she settled firstly in Rome and then in Paris.[26] Alexander I was finally allowed to join her in the French capital six months later. Officially, the monarch made an state visit to the Allies heads of state gathered at the Peace Conference. In reality, the stay was somehow as a honeymoon for the couple.[7][27]

Finally, Aspasia and her husband receive permission from the government to get back together in Greece during the summer of 1920. In the Hellenic Capital, Madame Manos was firstly in her sister's house before moving to Tatoi Palace.[26] It was during this period that she became pregnant, a notice that caused a great joy to the couple.[24]

Death of Alexander I

A monkey bite

On 2 October 1920 King Alexander I had an incident when he took a walk on the lands of the domain of Tatoi. A macaque who belonged to the manager of the vineyards of the palace attack Fritz, the German shepherd dog of the sovereign, and the he attempted to separate the two animals. As he did so, another monkey attacked Alexander I and bit him deeply on the leg and torso. Eventually servants arrived and chased away the monkeys (which were later destroyed), and the King's wounds were promptly cleaned and dressed but not cauterized. He didn't consider the incident serious and asked that it not be publicized.[28][29]

Long agony

From the night of the event, Alexander I was still suffering from high fever: his wounds becomes infected and soon developed in septicemia. With the rapid evolution of his illness, doctors planned to amputate his leg but no one really wants to take responsibility for such act.[30] Operated seven times, he was cared only by Aspasia during the four weeks which lasted his agony.[31] Under the effect of the blood poisoning, the young King is suffering terribly and his cries of pain where heard in all the Royal Palace. On 19 October he became delirious and called out for his mother. However, the Greek government refuses to allow the Queen Sophia to re-enter the country. In St. Moritz, where she was exiled with the rest of the royal family, the Queen begs the Hellenic authorities to let her take care of her son but Venizelos remains adamant. Finally, Dowager Queen Olga, widow of George I, was allowed to travel alone to Athens to be with her grandson. But delayed by rough seas, she didn't arrived until two hours after the King's death, on 25 October 1920.[29][32] Informed by telegram that night, other members of the royal family learn of the death with sadness.[33]

Two days after the death of the monarch, his funeral was celebrated in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens. Once again, the Royal Family was refused permission to enter in Greece; in consequence, apart from Aspasia, only Dowager Queen Olga was present at the funeral. The body of Alexander I was then buried royal burial ground at Tatoi Palace.[34][35]

Birth of Alexandra and its consequences

A Kingdom without a King

Four months pregnant at the time of the death of her husband, Aspasia withdrew to the Diadochos Palace at Athens.[36] In Greece, the unexpected death of Alexander I has much more serious consequences: it raises the question of succession and even the survival of the monarchy. Because the King was married without his father's or the head of Orthodox Church's permission, was technically illegal, the marriage void, and the couple's posthumous child illegitimate according to law. Maintain the monarchy therefore involves finding another sovereign and as the Venizelists still oppose Constantine I and Diadochos George,[34] the government decides to offer the crown to another member of the Royal Family, the young Prince Paul. However, he refused to ascend the throne, which remains resolutely vacant.[37][38]

With Aspasia's pregnancy approaching its end, some are planning to put her child on the throne and rumors even assured that she was a supporter of this solution.[39] Anyway, the victory of the monarchists in the elections of 1 November 1920 changes everything. Dimitrios Rallis replaces Eleftherios Venizelos as Prime Minister and Constantine I was soon restored.[40][41]

A gradual integration into the Royal Family

At the behest of Alexander's mother, Queen Sophia, a law was passed in July 1922 which allowed the King to retroactively recognize marriages of members of the Royal Family, although on a non-dynastic basis.[25] Thereupon King Constantine issued a decree, gazetted 10 September 1922, recognizing the marriage of Alexander to Aspasia. Henceforth, she and her daughter were accorded the title "Princess of Greece and Denmark" and the style of Royal Highness.[42] This title was customarily borne by non-reigning members of the Greek royal family, who also happened to be members of a cadet branch of the reigning dynasty of Denmark.

Aspasia Manos' tomb at Tatoi

Aspasia and Alexander were the parents of only one child, Princess Alexandra, born five months after Alexander's death at Tatoi (her father having died of sepsis following a monkey bite). Alexandra would later marry Peter II, King of Yugoslavia.

Aspasia Manos and her daughter were the only members of the Glücksburg dynasty, the Greek royal house, to be of Greek descent. Like most European royal families by the 20th century, the Glücksburgs' ancestry was exclusively German.

Due to the combination of her daughter and son-in-law's health problems, financially straitened circumstances and troubled marriage, Aspasia acted as guardian to her grandson Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia (born 1945).[43] She raised him mostly in England. Just a month before her death, Alexander married a Royal Franco-Brazilian, Princess Maria da Gloria of Orléans-Braganza.

She died in Venice on 7 August 1972,[42] and was initially interred at the cemetery of San Michele island near Venice. Her remains were later transferred to the Royal Cemetery Plot in the park of Tatoi near Dekeleia (23 km north of Athens.)

Her living descendants include her only grandson Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia, and her three great-grandsons Peter, Hereditary Prince of Yugoslavia, Prince Philip of Yugoslavia and Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia.

Ancestry

Family of Aspasia Manos
16. Dimitrios Manos
8. Konstantinos Manos
17. Marioara Caradja
4. Trasybulos Manos
18. Iácobos Argyrópoulos (= 24)
9. Sevastia Argyropoulos
19. Marioara Șuțu (= 25)
2. Petros Manos
20. Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis
10. Petros Mavromichalis
21. Anna Benakis
5. Roxane Mavromichalis
22. Constantin Șuțu
11. Euphrosine Șuțu
23. Ruxandra Racoviță
1. Aspasia Manos
24. Iácobos Argyrópoulos (= 18)
12. Periklis Argyropoulos
25. Marioara Șuțu (= 19)
6. Iacobos Argyropoulos
26. Radu Rosetti
13. Aglaia Rosetti-Răducanu
27. Euphrosyne Manos
3. Maria Argyropoulos
28. Parthenius Petrakis
14. Anargyros Petrakis
7. Aspasia Anargyros Petrakis

Notes

  1. ^ British writer Compton Mackenzie describes Aspasia as follows: "She was tall and her skin remembered an beauty of classical Greece". As for Prince Christopher of Greece, he considers that "her beauty was wonderful". According to him, "she looks like one of these nymphs of the frescos of ancient Greece that would come back to life".[8]
  2. ^ The Manos and Argyropoulos families belonged to the high Phanariote aristocracy; however, their rank is deemed insufficient to be able to marry with the one of the European ruling families.[9]
  3. ^ However, according to Prince Peter of Greece "he believed that Eleftherios Venizelos [...] would have encouraged the marriage [of Alexander I and Aspasia] with the purpose to obtain politcal advantages for him and his party and in order to bring discredit to the royal family". In: Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark, Comments by HRH Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark, in Patricia H. Fleming, The Politics of Marriage Among Non-Catholic European Royalty in Current Anthropology, vol. 14, n° 3, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, June 1973, p. 246.
  4. ^ Queen Olga, grandmother of Alexander I, was a matrilineal descendant of Byzantine Emperor Alexios III Angelos and his consort Empress Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera.

References

  1. ^ a b Manos family
  2. ^ Ancestors of Aspasia Manos in: geneall.net [retrieved 16 July 2016].
  3. ^ Colonel Petros (Thrasybulos) Manos, 9G Grandson in: christopherlong.co.uk [retrieved 16 July 2016].
  4. ^ Roxana Manos in: geni.com [retrieved 16 July 2016].
  5. ^ a b Ancestry of Aspasia Manos in: Genealogics - Leo van de Pas [retrieved 16 July 2016].
  6. ^ a b c d Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, p. 176.
  7. ^ a b Van der Kiste 1994, p. 117.
  8. ^ Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004 , p. 176.
  9. ^ a b c d Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, p. 177.
  10. ^ Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, pp. 176–177.
  11. ^ a b c Van der Kiste 1994, p. 118.
  12. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 89–101.
  13. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 106–107.
  14. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 117–118.
  15. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 110–111.
  16. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, p. 115.
  17. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, p. 112.
  18. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, p. 113.
  19. ^ Gelardi 2006, p. 292.
  20. ^ a b Llewellyn Smith 1998, p. 136.
  21. ^ Hueck, Walter von, ed. (1987). Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels Fürstliche Häuser Band XIII (in German). Limburg an der Lahn: C. A. Starke. p. 33.
  22. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 118–119.
  23. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 120–121.
  24. ^ a b Van der Kiste 1994, p. 119.
  25. ^ a b Diesbach, Ghislain de (1967). Secrets of the Gotha. translated from the French by Margaret Crosland. London: Chapman & Hall. p. 225.
  26. ^ a b Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, p. 178.
  27. ^ Palmer and Greece 1990, p. 61.
  28. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 122–123.
  29. ^ a b Gelardi 2006, p. 293.
  30. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, p. 123.
  31. ^ Palmer and Greece 1990, p. 63.
  32. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 123–124.
  33. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, p. 124.
  34. ^ a b Van der Kiste 1994, p. 125.
  35. ^ Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, p. 179.
  36. ^ Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, pp. 178–179.
  37. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 125–126.
  38. ^ Llewellyn Smith 1998, p. 139.
  39. ^ Marlene Eilers Koenig: A girl for Aspasia Manos [retrieved 17 July 2016].
  40. ^ Llewellyn Smith 1998, pp. 144–148.
  41. ^ Van der Kiste 1994, pp. 125–128.
  42. ^ a b Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, ed. (1973). Burke's Guide to the Royal Family. Vol. 1. London: Burke's Peerage. p. 327. ISBN 0-220-66222-3.
  43. ^ Diesbach, Ghislain de (1967). Secrets of the Gotha. translated from the French by Margaret Crosland. London: Chapman & Hall. p. 337.

Bibliography

  • Ricardo Mateos Sainz de Medrano, La Familia de la Reina Sofίa, La Dinastίa griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa, Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros, 2004 ISBN 8-4973-41953
  • John Van der Kiste, Kings of the Hellenes: The Greek Kings, 1863-1974, Sutton Publishing, 1994 ISBN 0-7509-21471
  • Julia Gelardi, Born to Rule : Granddaughters of Victoria, Queens of Europe, Headline Review, 2006 ISBN 0755313925
  • Michael Llewellyn Smith, Ionian Vision : Greece in Asia Minor 1919–1922, London, Hurst & Co, 1998 ISBN 1-85065-413-1
  • Alan Palmer and Michael of Greece, The Royal House of Greece, Weidenfeld Nicolson Illustrated, 1990
Preceded by Consort of the King of the Hellenes
17 November 1919 – 25 October 1920 		Succeeded by
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