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A notable device in psionics was the [[Hieronymus machine]]. The machine was described by scientists as [[Pseudoscience|pseudoscientific]] and an example of [[quackery]].<ref name="Gardner 2012">[[Martin Gardner|Gardner, Martin]]. (2012 edition, originally published in 1957). ''[[Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science]]''. Dover Publications. pp. 347-348. ISBN 0-486-20394-8</ref><ref>[[John Thomas Sladek|Sladek, John Thomas]]. (1973). ''The New Apocrypha: A Guide to Strange Science and Occult Beliefs''. Hart-David MacGibbon. p. 269</ref>
A notable device in psionics was the [[Hieronymus machine]]. The machine was described by scientists as [[Pseudoscience|pseudoscientific]] and an example of [[quackery]].<ref name="Gardner 2012">[[Martin Gardner|Gardner, Martin]]. (2012 edition, originally published in 1957). ''[[Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science]]''. Dover Publications. pp. 347-348. ISBN 0-486-20394-8</ref><ref>[[John Thomas Sladek|Sladek, John Thomas]]. (1973). ''The New Apocrypha: A Guide to Strange Science and Occult Beliefs''. Hart-David MacGibbon. p. 269</ref>


Parapsychologists associated with psionics have included [[John Hasted]] and [[Robert G. Jahn]].<ref name="Williams2013"/> Their experiments were heavily criticized by the scientific community due to weak controls, methodological flaws and no independent replication.<ref>[[Martin Gardner|Gardner, Martin]]. (1991). ''The New Age: Notes of a Fringe-Watcher''. Prometheus Books. pp. 28-29. ISBN 0-87975-644-6</ref><ref>[[C. E. M. Hansel|Hansel, C. E. M]]. (1989). ''The Search for Psychic Power''. Prometheus Books. pp. 187-195. ISBN 0-87975-516-4</ref>
Parapsychologists associated with psionics have included [[John Hasted]] and [[Robert G. Jahn]].<ref name="Williams2013"/> Their experiments were heavily criticized by the scientific community due to weak controls, methodological flaws and no independent replication.<ref>[[Martin Gardner|Gardner, Martin]]. (1991). ''The New Age: Notes of a Fringe-Watcher''. Prometheus Books. pp. 28-29. ISBN 0-87975-644-6</ref><ref>[[C. E. M. Hansel|Hansel, C. E. M]]. (1989). ''The Search for Psychic Power''. Prometheus Books. pp. 187-195. ISBN 0-87975-516-4</ref><ref>[[Kendrick Frazier|Frazier, Kendrick]]. (1991). ''Improving Human Performance: What About Parapsychology?'' In ''The Hundredth Monkey and Other Paradigms of the Paranormal''. Prometheus Books. pp. 149–161. ISBN 978-0-87975-655-0</ref>


Psionic abilities appear frequently in science fiction and provide characters with supernatural abilities.<ref>{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Poul|title=Fantasy|date=1981|publisher=Tom Doherty Associates|location=[S.l.]|isbn=9780523485157|page=270|edition=1st}}</ref> [[John W. Campbell]], an editor of a [[science fiction]] magazine, became excited about [[fringe science]],<ref name=Westfahl>{{cite book|last=Westfahl|first=Gary|title=The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy|date=2005|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn. [u.a.]|isbn=0313329508|page=167}}</ref> and went on to define psionics as "engineering applied to the mind".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bould|first1=Mark|title=The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction|date=2011|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0415453798|page=410|edition=Paperback|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=y7CNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA410&dq=%22engineering+applied+to+the+mind%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwigjvLE8tTJAhWDThQKHcf0AcwQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=%22engineering%20applied%20to%20the%20mind%22&f=false|accessdate=11 December 2015}}</ref> His encouragement of psionics led author [[Murray Leinster]] and others to write stories such as ''The Psionic Mousetrap''.<ref name=Westfahl/>
Psionic abilities appear frequently in science fiction and provide characters with supernatural abilities.<ref>{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Poul|title=Fantasy|date=1981|publisher=Tom Doherty Associates|location=[S.l.]|isbn=9780523485157|page=270|edition=1st}}</ref> [[John W. Campbell]], an editor of a [[science fiction]] magazine, became excited about [[fringe science]],<ref name=Westfahl>{{cite book|last=Westfahl|first=Gary|title=The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy|date=2005|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn. [u.a.]|isbn=0313329508|page=167}}</ref> and went on to define psionics as "engineering applied to the mind".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bould|first1=Mark|title=The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction|date=2011|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0415453798|page=410|edition=Paperback|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=y7CNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA410&dq=%22engineering+applied+to+the+mind%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwigjvLE8tTJAhWDThQKHcf0AcwQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=%22engineering%20applied%20to%20the%20mind%22&f=false|accessdate=11 December 2015}}</ref> His encouragement of psionics led author [[Murray Leinster]] and others to write stories such as ''The Psionic Mousetrap''.<ref name=Westfahl/>

Revision as of 18:39, 24 April 2016

"Psions" redirects here. For other uses, see Psion (disambiguation).

Psionics is the study of paranormal phenomena in relation to the application of electronics.[1] The term comes from psi ('psyche') and the -onics from electronics (machine).[1][2] It is closely related to the field of radionics.[1][3] There is no scientific evidence that psionic abilities exist.[4]

History

A notable device in psionics was the Hieronymus machine. The machine was described by scientists as pseudoscientific and an example of quackery.[5][6]

Parapsychologists associated with psionics have included John Hasted and Robert G. Jahn.[1] Their experiments were heavily criticized by the scientific community due to weak controls, methodological flaws and no independent replication.[7][8][9]

Psionic abilities appear frequently in science fiction and provide characters with supernatural abilities.[10] John W. Campbell, an editor of a science fiction magazine, became excited about fringe science,[11] and went on to define psionics as "engineering applied to the mind".[12] His encouragement of psionics led author Murray Leinster and others to write stories such as The Psionic Mousetrap.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Williams, William F. (2000). Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy. Routledge. pp. 279–295. ISBN 1-57958-207-9. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  2. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  3. ^ Raso, Jack. (2003). Mystical Diets: Paranormal, Spiritual, and Occult Nutrition Practices. Prometheus Books. p. 268. ISBN 0-87975-761-2
  4. ^ Cordón, Luis A. (2005). Popular Psychology: an Encyclopedia. Wesport (Conn.): Greenwood. p. 182. ISBN 0-313-32457-3. The essential problem is that a large portion of the scientific community, including most research psychologists, regards parapsychology as a pseudoscience, due largely to its failure to move beyond null results in the way science usually does. Ordinarily, when experimental evidence fails repeatedly to support a hypothesis, that hypothesis is abandoned. Within parapsychology, however, more than a century of experimentation has failed to conclusively demonstrate the mere existence of paranormal phenomenon, yet parapsychologists continue to pursue that elusive goal.
  5. ^ Gardner, Martin. (2012 edition, originally published in 1957). Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science. Dover Publications. pp. 347-348. ISBN 0-486-20394-8
  6. ^ Sladek, John Thomas. (1973). The New Apocrypha: A Guide to Strange Science and Occult Beliefs. Hart-David MacGibbon. p. 269
  7. ^ Gardner, Martin. (1991). The New Age: Notes of a Fringe-Watcher. Prometheus Books. pp. 28-29. ISBN 0-87975-644-6
  8. ^ Hansel, C. E. M. (1989). The Search for Psychic Power. Prometheus Books. pp. 187-195. ISBN 0-87975-516-4
  9. ^ Frazier, Kendrick. (1991). Improving Human Performance: What About Parapsychology? In The Hundredth Monkey and Other Paradigms of the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. pp. 149–161. ISBN 978-0-87975-655-0
  10. ^ Anderson, Poul (1981). Fantasy (1st ed.). [S.l.]: Tom Doherty Associates. p. 270. ISBN 9780523485157.
  11. ^ a b Westfahl, Gary (2005). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Westport, Conn. [u.a.]: Greenwood Press. p. 167. ISBN 0313329508.
  12. ^ Bould, Mark (2011). The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction (Paperback ed.). London: Routledge. p. 410. ISBN 0415453798. Retrieved 11 December 2015.

Further reading

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