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It is listed as [[endemic]] plant of Syria,<ref name=rare/> along with 200 other [[vascular]] plants including ''[[Iris auranitica]]'' (another Oncoyclus section iris), ''[[Teucrium coniortodes]]'', ''[[Allium pseudophanerantherum]]'', ''[[Allium birkinshawii]]'', ''[[Ajuga chasmophila]]'', ''[[Echium pabotii]]'', ''[[Astragalus qatmensis]]'', ''[[Astragalus roessleri]]'', ''[[Centaurea trachonitica]]'', ''[[Salsola zenobiae]]'', ''[[Senecio delbesianus]]'', ''[[Thymus alfredae]]'', ''[[Vicia kalakhensis]]'', ''[[Onobrychis gaillardotii]]'', and ''[[Alyssum antilibanoticum]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Syria |url=http://lntreasures.com/syria.html |publisher=lntreasures.com |accessdate=29 March 2016}}</ref>
It is listed as [[endemic]] plant of Syria,<ref name=rare/> along with 200 other [[vascular]] plants including ''[[Iris auranitica]]'' (another Oncoyclus section iris), ''[[Teucrium coniortodes]]'', ''[[Allium pseudophanerantherum]]'', ''[[Allium birkinshawii]]'', ''[[Ajuga chasmophila]]'', ''[[Echium pabotii]]'', ''[[Astragalus qatmensis]]'', ''[[Astragalus roessleri]]'', ''[[Centaurea trachonitica]]'', ''[[Salsola zenobiae]]'', ''[[Senecio delbesianus]]'', ''[[Thymus alfredae]]'', ''[[Vicia kalakhensis]]'', ''[[Onobrychis gaillardotii]]'', and ''[[Alyssum antilibanoticum]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Syria |url=http://lntreasures.com/syria.html |publisher=lntreasures.com |accessdate=29 March 2016}}</ref>

===Habitat===
It grows in the chalky hills,<ref name=signa/><ref name=british/> and gravel plains of the desert.<ref name=rare/><ref name=srgc/>

They can be found at an altitude of {{convert|800|to|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}}} above sea level.<ref name=british/><ref name=signa/><ref name=rare/>

==Conservation==
It was listed as a 'rare' plant species in [[Iraq]] in 1991, along with ''[[Iris gatesii]]'' (also rare) and ''[[Iris heylandiana]]'' listed as 'Endangered'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gulf War Environmental Information Service Impact On The Land And Atmosphere |date=5 February 1991 |editors=[[World Conservation Monitoring Centre]] |url=http://www.unep.org/dewa/westasia/data/Knowledge_Bases/Iraq/Reports/Gulf2.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=unep.org [[United Nations Environment Programme]] |accessdate=31 March 2016}}</ref>

==Cultivation==
'Oncocyclus Section' Irises are easier to grow than 'Regelia Section' Irises, but should be preferably grown under glass (in frames), to protect the irises from excess moisture (especially during winter times) and also to ensure the (shallow planted) rhizomes get the best temperatures during the growing season.

They can be grown in pots (especially in deep ones known as 'long toms'), but they need re-potting, every 2 years and extra feeding.

Watering is one of the most critical aspects of iris cultivation. The growth starts in October and carefully watering starts, water should never be poured directly on the rhizomes.<ref name=plantsman>{{cite web |title=The Plantsman Buckshaw Gardens, Holwell, Sherborne, Dorset. Oncocyclus, Regelia and Reglio-cyclus Irises |url= |publisher= |accessdate= April 2016}}</ref>


===Propagation===
===Propagation===
Irises can generally be propagated by [[Division (horticulture)|division]],<ref>{{cite web |title=How to divide iris rhizomes |url=http://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/projects/propagating/how-to-divide-iris-rhizomes/169.html |publisher=gardenersworld.com |accessdate=12 October 2015}}</ref> or by seed growing.
Irises can generally be propagated by [[Division (horticulture)|division]],<ref>{{cite web |title=How to divide iris rhizomes |url=http://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/projects/propagating/how-to-divide-iris-rhizomes/169.html |publisher=gardenersworld.com |accessdate=12 October 2015}}</ref> or by seed growing.


Seedlings, if germinated, may grow into a mature plant within 3-4 years, seedings are best grown also in frames or alpine houses.<ref name=plantsman/>


==Toxicity==
==Toxicity==

Revision as of 16:35, 6 April 2016

Iris assadiana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Subfamily:
Iridoideae
Tribe:
Irideae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Iris
Species:
Iris assadiana
Binomial name
Iris assadiana
Synonyms

Iris barnumiae var. zenobiae Mouterde [1]

Iris assadiana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the deserts of Syria. It has

Description

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[2]


Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[2] It has had its chromosome counted.[3]

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet assadiana possibly refers to the former Syrian President Hafez al-Assad.[4]

It was first published and described by Shaukat A. Chaudhary, Grace Kirkwood & Carolyne Weymouth in 'Bot. Not.' (Botaniska Notiser) Vol.128 (Issue 4) on page401 in 1976 (1975 publ.).[5][6][7]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated 2 December 2004[7]

It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life,[8] and in the Catalogue of Life.[9]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate Asia.[7]

Range

It is found in the Syrian Desert,[10][7][11] near Ayn al-Baydah, Al-Qaryatayn and Al-Hafar, to the west of Palmyra.[12]

It is listed as endemic plant of Syria,[13] along with 200 other vascular plants including Iris auranitica (another Oncoyclus section iris), Teucrium coniortodes, Allium pseudophanerantherum, Allium birkinshawii, Ajuga chasmophila, Echium pabotii, Astragalus qatmensis, Astragalus roessleri, Centaurea trachonitica, Salsola zenobiae, Senecio delbesianus, Thymus alfredae, Vicia kalakhensis, Onobrychis gaillardotii, and Alyssum antilibanoticum.[14]

Habitat

It grows in the chalky hills,[11][12] and gravel plains of the desert.[13][15]

They can be found at an altitude of 800 to 1,000 m (2,600 to 3,300 ft)} above sea level.[12][11][13]

Conservation

It was listed as a 'rare' plant species in Iraq in 1991, along with Iris gatesii (also rare) and Iris heylandiana listed as 'Endangered'.[16]

Cultivation

'Oncocyclus Section' Irises are easier to grow than 'Regelia Section' Irises, but should be preferably grown under glass (in frames), to protect the irises from excess moisture (especially during winter times) and also to ensure the (shallow planted) rhizomes get the best temperatures during the growing season.

They can be grown in pots (especially in deep ones known as 'long toms'), but they need re-potting, every 2 years and extra feeding.

Watering is one of the most critical aspects of iris cultivation. The growth starts in October and carefully watering starts, water should never be poured directly on the rhizomes.[17]

Propagation

Irises can generally be propagated by division,[18] or by seed growing.

Seedlings, if germinated, may grow into a mature plant within 3-4 years, seedings are best grown also in frames or alpine houses.[17]

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[19]

References

  1. ^ "Iris assadiana Chaudhary, G.Kirkw. & C.Weymouth is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  2. ^ a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN 0881927309.
  3. ^ Wilson, Carol A.; Padiernos, Justin; Sapir, Yuval (8 March 2016). "The royal irises (Iris subg. Iris sect. Oncocyclus): Plastid and low-copy nuclear data contribute to an understanding of their phylogenetic relationships". Taxon. 65 (1): 35–46. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/651.3. Retrieved 31 March 2016. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help); External link in |doi= (help)
  4. ^ Blackhall-Miles, Robbie (2 December 2015). twitter.com https://twitter.com/fossilplants/status/672166548761628672. Retrieved 31 March 2016. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference american was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ "Iridaceae Iris assadiana Chaudhary, G.Kirkw. & C.Weymouth". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  7. ^ a b c d "Taxon: Iris assadiana Chaudhary et al". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  8. ^ "Iris assadiana". eol.org. Retrieved accessdate=29 March 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Missing pipe in: |accessdate= (help)
  9. ^ "Iris assadiana". catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference pacific was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference signa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference british was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference rare was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ "Syria". lntreasures.com. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference srgc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ "Gulf War Environmental Information Service Impact On The Land And Atmosphere" (PDF). unep.org United Nations Environment Programme. 5 February 1991. Retrieved 31 March 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ a b "The Plantsman Buckshaw Gardens, Holwell, Sherborne, Dorset. Oncocyclus, Regelia and Reglio-cyclus Irises". {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  18. ^ "How to divide iris rhizomes". gardenersworld.com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  19. ^ David G Spoerke and Susan C. SmolinskeToxicity of Houseplants, p. 236, at Google Books

Other sources

  • Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 44.

External links

Media related to Iris assadiana at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Iris assadiana at Wikispecies

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iris_assadiana&oldid=713930826"