Eurocodes

This article is about the series as a whole. For the primary document forming the basis for all other eurocodes, see Eurocode: Basis of structural design.

0: Structural safety, service- ability and durability

1: Actions on structures

Material-specific design and detailing: 2: Concrete 3: Steel 4: Composite 5: Timber 6: Masonry 9: Aluminium

7: Geotechnics

8: Earthquake

Eurocodes (EN 199-)

The eurocodes (EC) are the European standards (EN), i.e. sets of harmonised technical rules, developed on behalf of the European Commission by the European Committee for Standardisation for the structural design of construction works in the European Union.

The purposes of the eurocodes are:

• a means to prove compliance with the requirements for mechanical strength and stability and safety in case of fire established by European Union law.
• a basis for construction and engineering contract specifications.
• a framework for creating harmonized technical specifications for building products (CE mark).

By March 2010 the Eurocodes are mandatory for the specification of European public works and are intended to become the de facto standard for the private sector. The Eurocodes therefore replace the existing national building codes published by national standard bodies (e.g. BS 5950), although many countries had a period of co-existence. Additionally, each country is expected to issue a National Annex to the Eurocodes which will need referencing for a particular country (e.g. The UK National Annex). At present take up of Eurocodes is slow on private sector projects and existing national codes are still widely used by engineers.

List

Eurocodes 1 – 9 are organised thematically, here illustrated downwards from left to right: 1: snow load, 2: concrete bridge, 3: steel bridge, 4: composite, 5: timber house, 6: masonry, 7: geotechnical structure, 8: earthquake and 9: alluminium structure.

The curocodes are published as a separate European Standards, each having a number of parts. By 2002, ten sections have been developed and published:

• Eurocode: Basis of structural design   (EN 1990)

• Eurocode 1: Actions on structures   (EN 1991)

Part 1-1: Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings   (EN 1991-1-1)

Part 1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire   (EN 1991-1-2)

Part 1-3: General actions - Snow loads   (EN 1991-1-3)

Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions   (EN 1991-1-4)

Part 1-5: General actions - Thermal actions   (EN 1991-1-5)

Part 1-6: General actions - Actions during execution   (EN 1991-1-6)

Part 1-7: General actions - Accidental Actions   (EN 1991-1-7)

Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges   (EN 1991-2)

Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery   (EN 1991-3)

Part 4 : Silos and tanks   (EN 1991-4)

• Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures   (EN 1992)

Part 1-1: General rules, and rules for buildings   (EN 1992-1-1)

Part 1-2: Structural fire design   (EN 1992-1-2)

Part 1-3: Precast Concrete Elements and Structures   (EN 1992-1-3)

Part 1-4: Lightweight aggregate concrete with closed structure   (EN 1992-1-4)

Part 1-5: Structures with unbonded and external prestressing tendons   (EN 1992-1-5)

Part 1-6: Plain concrete structures   (EN 1992-1-6)

Part 2: Reinforced and prestressed concrete bridges   (EN 1992-2)

Part 3: Liquid retaining and containing structures   (EN 1992-3)

• Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures   (EN 1993)

Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings   (EN 1993-1-1)

Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design   (EN 1993-1-2)

Part 1-3: General rules - Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting   (EN 1993-1-3)

Part 1-4: General rules - Supplementary rules for stainless steels   (EN 1993-1-4)

Part 1-5: Plated structural elements   (EN 1993-1-5)

Part 1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures   (EN 1993-1-6)

Part 1-7: General Rules - Supplementary rules for planar plated structural elements with out of plane loading   (EN 1993-1-7)

Part 1-8: Design of joints   (EN 1993-1-8)

Part 1-9: Fatigue   (EN 1993-1-9)

Part 1-10: Material Toughness and through-thickness properties   (EN 1993-1-10)

Part 1-11: Design of Structures with tension components   (EN 1993-1-11)

Part 1-12: High Strength steels   (EN 1993-1-12)

Part 2: Steel Bridges   (EN 1993-2)

Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys   (EN 1993-3-1)

Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys - Chimneys   (EN 1993-3-2)

Part 4-1: Silos   (EN 1993-4-1)

Part 4-2: Tanks   (EN 1993-4-2)

Part 4-3: Pipelines   (EN 1993-4-3)

Part 5: Piling   (EN 1993-5)

Part 6: Crane supporting structures   (EN 1993-6)

• Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures   (EN 1994)

Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings   (EN 1994-1-1)

Part 1-2: Structural fire design   (EN 1994-1-2)

Part 2: General rules and rules for bridges   (EN 1994-2)

• Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures   (EN 1995)

Part 1-1: General – Common rules and rules for buildings   (EN 1995-1-1)

Part 1-2: General – Structural fire design   (EN 1995-1-2)

Part 2: Bridges   (EN 1995-2)

• Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures   (EN 1996)

Part 1-1: General – Common rules and rules for buildings   (EN 1996-1-1)

Part 1-2: General rules – Structural fire design   (EN 1996-1-2)

Part 2: Design, selection of materials and execution of masonry   (EN 1996-2)

Part 3: Simplified calculation methods for unreinforced masonry structures   (EN 1996-3)

• Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design   (EN 1997)

Part 1: General rules   (EN 1997-1)

Part 2: Ground investigation and testing   (EN 1997-2)

Part 3: Design assisted by field testing   (EN 1997-3)

• Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance   (EN 1998)

Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings   (EN 1998-1)

Part 2: Bridges   (EN 1998-2)

Part 3: Assessment and retrofitting of buildings   (EN 1998-3)

Part 4: Silos, tanks and pipelines   (EN 1998-4)

Part 5: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects   (EN 1998-5)

Part 6: Towers, masts and chimneys   (EN 1998-6)

• Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures   (EN 1999)

Part 1-1: General structural rules   (EN 1999-1-1)

Part 1-2: Structural fire design   (EN 1999-1-2)

Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to fatigue   (EN 1999-1-3)

Part 1-4: Cold-formed structural sheeting   (EN 1999-1-4)

Part 1-5: Shell structures   (EN 1999-1-5)

Each of the codes (except EN 1990) is divided into a number of Parts covering specific aspects of the subject. In total there are 58 EN Eurocode parts distributed in the ten Eurocodes (EN 1990 – 1999).

All of the EN Eurocodes relating to materials have a Part 1-1 which covers the design of buildings and other civil engineering structures and a Part 1-2 for fire design. The codes for concrete, steel, composite steel and concrete, and timber structures and earthquake resistance have a Part 2 covering design of bridges. These Parts 2 should be used in combination with the appropriate general Parts (Parts 1).

See also

• BS 5950: British steel design standard, replaced by Eurocode 3 in March, 2010.
• BS 8110: British concrete design standard, replaced by Eurocode 2 in March, 2010.
• Geotechnical Engineering
• Limit state design (Load and Resistance Factor Design)
• List of EN standards
• Structural Engineering
• Structural robustness

References

External links

• law.resource.org 'Eurocodes'
• 'Eurocodes: Building the Future' The European Commission Website on the EN Eurocodes
• 'Eurocode.info' Information about the EN Eurocodes
• 'eurocode-resources' Portal with eurocode resources with focus on the design of steel structures
• 'Eurocodes Expert' UK construction industry website with information and support resources for implementation of the BS EN Eurocodes. The site is a joint initiative of the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) and Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) and is supported by the UK Government (DCLG), BSI British Standards (BSI), The Steel Construction Institute (SCI), The Concrete Centre, the Timber Research and Development Association (TRADA), the International Masonry Society (IMS), the Brick Development Association (BDA) and the Association for Structural Engineers of London Boroughs (ASELB).
• 'Eurocodes Online: Structural Design Expertise' Website with a lot of interesting information on the eurocodes: implementation, principles, national annexes, etc.
• 'Eurocodes in Poland' Find out information about Eurocodes in Poland. Examples, articles, books and much more information.
• 'Digital Eurocodes standards library' CodeProof is a digital library of EUROCODE standard implemented in CodeForm. In this library is integrated each article from each part of EC and it is designed so that you can easily locate relevant articles.
• 'National Annexes & Eurocodes', European standards institutes and links to download national annexes.