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{{Main|Vatileaks scandal}}
{{Main|Vatileaks scandal}}
In 2009, Archbishop Viganò was appointed Secretary General of the Vatican City Governatorate. In that role he established centralized accounting procedures and accountability for cost overruns that helped turn a US$10.5 million deficit for the city-state into a surplus of $44 million in one year.<ref name="NCR denial">
In 2009, Archbishop Viganò was appointed Secretary General of the Vatican City Governatorate. In that role he established centralized accounting procedures and accountability for cost overruns that helped turn a US$10.5 million deficit for the city-state into a surplus of $44 million in one year.<ref name="NCR denial">
{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=1504|title=Vatican denies corruption charges attributed to U.S. nuncio |work=National Catholic Reporter |date=26 January 2012 |last=Allen |first=John L.}}</ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=1504|title=Vatican denies corruption charges attributed to U.S. nuncio |work=National Catholic Reporter |date=26 January 2012 |last=Allen |first=John L.}}{{dead link|date=November 2015}}</ref>


In 2010 Archbishop Viganò suggested that the Vatican should drop out of the Euro currency agreement in order to avoid new European banking regulations. Instead, the Vatican chose to adhere to the Euro agreement and accept the new scrutiny that tougher banking regulations required.<ref>{{cite news|title=Influential prelate said Vatican should drop Euro, author reports |url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=15043|accessdate=27 February 2014|newspaper=Catholic World News |date=25 July 2012}}</ref>
In 2010 Archbishop Viganò suggested that the Vatican should drop out of the Euro currency agreement in order to avoid new European banking regulations. Instead, the Vatican chose to adhere to the Euro agreement and accept the new scrutiny that tougher banking regulations required.<ref>{{cite news|title=Influential prelate said Vatican should drop Euro, author reports |url=http://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=15043|accessdate=27 February 2014|newspaper=Catholic World News |date=25 July 2012}}</ref>


He spoke at the General Assembly of Interpol in November 2010, saying that "the issue which needs to be faced is one closely linked to the process of globalisation which is now affecting every aspect of the life of nations, peoples and individuals, and is accompanied by political and economic changes which are often uncontrolled and even uncontrollable. This in fact is what touches most closely the lives of nations and individual citizens. While it is true that globalisation offers opportunities for development and enrichment, it is also true that it can cause increased poverty and hunger, which in turn can spark chain reactions often leading to widely disparate forms of violence. Nor can we underestimate the fact that the fruits of technological and scientific progress can, for all their enormous benefits to humanity, be used in a way that clearly violates the order of creation, even to the point of denying the sacredness of life and stripping the human person and the family of their natural identity". He went on to say "The Holy See has always recalled this urgent need, conscious of the fact that the desire for peace, the pursuit of justice, respect for the dignity of the person, humanitarian cooperation and assistance are expressions of the just aspirations of the human spirit and the ideals which ought to undergird international relations. The Holy See has done so vigorously, even in recent days, as for example by intervening in the current debate on disarmament at the United Nations and urging all parties to reach agreement on definitive and complete disarmament".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26364.php?index=26364&lang=en |title=Intevernto del Segretario Generale del Governatorato dello Stato della Città del Vaticano alla 79a Assemblea Generale dell'Interpol (Doha, Qatar)}}{{dead link|date=November 2015}}</ref>
He spoke at the General Assembly of Interpol in November 2010, saying that, <blockquote> While it is true that globalisation offers opportunities for development and enrichment, it is also true that it can cause increased poverty and hunger, which in turn can spark chain reactions often leading to widely disparate forms of violence. Nor can we underestimate the fact that the fruits of technological and scientific progress can, for all their enormous benefits to humanity, be used in a way that clearly violates the order of creation, even to the point of denying the sacredness of life and stripping the human person and the family of their natural identity. ...The Holy See has always recalled this urgent need, conscious of the fact that the desire for peace, the pursuit of justice, respect for the dignity of the person, humanitarian cooperation and assistance are expressions of the just aspirations of the human spirit and the ideals which ought to undergird international relations. The Holy See has done so vigorously, even in recent days, as for example by intervening in the current debate on disarmament at the United Nations and urging all parties to reach agreement on definitive and complete disarmament". <ref>{{cite web |url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26364.php?index=26364&lang=en |title=Intevernto del Segretario Generale del Governatorato dello Stato della Città del Vaticano alla 79a Assemblea Generale dell'Interpol (Doha, Qatar)}}{{dead link|date=November 2015}}</ref></blockquote>


In late January 2012 a television program aired in Italy under the name of ''Gli intoccabili'' (The Untouchables),<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TMkbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA343&dq=vatican+leaks+scandal&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFoQ6AEwCTgUahUKEwiXpb-kmorJAhXIbSYKHbmSDLE#v=onepage&q=vatican%20leaks%20scandal&f=false Ivereigh, Austen. Macmillan, ''The Great Reformer'', 2014, ISBN 9781627791571]</ref> purporting to disclose confidential letters and memos of the Vatican.<ref>{{cite news|last=Squires|first=Nick|title=Vatican newspaper editor accused of gay smear against rival|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/9284994/Vatican-newspaper-editor-accused-of-gay-smear-against-rival.html|publisher=Telegraph|accessdate=6 October 2012|location=London|date=23 May 2012}}</ref> Among the documents were letters written to the pope and to the Secretary of State, Cardinal [[Tarcisio Bertone]], by Archbishop Viganò, complaining of corruption in Vatican finances and a campaign of defamation against him. Viganò, formerly the second ranked Vatican administrator to the [[pope]], requested not to be transferred for having exposed alleged corruption that cost the [[Holy See]] millions in higher contract prices.
⚫
On 4 February 2012, Cardinal-President Emeritus [[Giovanni Lajolo]], President [[Giuseppe Bertello]], Secretary-General [[Giuseppe Sciacca]] and former Vice Secretary-General [[Giorgio Corbellini]] issued a joint statement on behalf of the Governatorate of the Vatican: "The unauthorized publication of two letters of Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, the first addressed to the Holy Father on March 27, 2011, the second to the Cardinal Secretary of State on May 8, for the Governorate of Vatican City is a source of great bitterness". It continued, "The allegations contained in them can not but lead to the impression that the Governorate of Vatican City, instead of being an instrument of responsible government, is an unreliable entity, at the mercy of dark forces. After careful examination of the contents of the two letters, the President of the Governorate sees it as its duty to publicly declare that those assertions are the result of erroneous assessments, or fears based on unsubstantiated evidence, even openly contradicted by the main characters invoked as witnesses... The Presidency also confirms its full confidence in the Directorate and its various employees, having proved unfounded - after careful consideration - suspicions and accusations so completely unfounded as to appear laughable: the report, owing very little to serious journalism, according to which wiretaps of both telephones and offices were to have been carried out during purely administrative and disciplinary proceedings!".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28748.php?index=28748&lang=en |title=Dichiarazione della Presidenza del Governatorato dello Stato della Citta del Vaticano |date=4 February 2012}}{{dead links|date=November 2015}}</ref>


⚫
On 4 February 2012, Cardinal-President Emeritus [[Giovanni Lajolo]], President [[Giuseppe Bertello]], Secretary-General [[Giuseppe Sciacca]] and former Vice Secretary-General [[Giorgio Corbellini]] issued a joint statement on behalf of the Governatorate of the Vatican: "The unauthorized publication of two letters of Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, the first addressed to the Holy Father on March 27, 2011, the second to the Cardinal Secretary of State on May 8, for the Governorate of Vatican City is a source of great bitterness". It continued, "The allegations contained in them can not but lead to the impression that the Governorate of Vatican City, instead of being an instrument of responsible government, is an unreliable entity, at the mercy of dark forces. After careful examination of the contents of the two letters, the President of the Governorate sees it as its duty to publicly declare that those assertions are the result of erroneous assessments, or fears based on unsubstantiated evidence, even openly contradicted by the main characters invoked as witnesses".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28748.php?index=28748&lang=en |title=Dichiarazione della Presidenza del Governatorato dello Stato della Citta del Vaticano |date=4 February 2012}}{{dead links|date=November 2015}}</ref>
⚫
==Apostolic Nuncio to the United States==


The Vatican denied news reports that Viganò wrote privately to [[Pope Benedict XVI]] on 27 March 2011 in an attempt to forestall his appointment as Nuncio to the U.S. He was quoted as writing that "my transfer in this moment would provoke confusion and discouragement for those who thought it was possible to clean up so many situations of corruption and abuse of office."<ref name="NCR denial"/> [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Velasio De Paolis]], formerly the head of the Vatican's Prefecture of the Economic Affairs, its auditing office, said, "From what I know, I don't think there was actual corruption." But he did concede the possibility of "instances of a lack of correctness".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/vatican-official-warns-pope-of-corruption/|title=Vatican official warns pope of corruption |work=Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |date=26 January 2012 |last=Winfield |first=Nicole}}</ref>
[[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Velasio De Paolis]], formerly the head of the Vatican's Prefecture of the Economic Affairs, its auditing office, said, "From what I know, I don't think there was actual corruption." But he did concede the possibility of "instances of a lack of correctness".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/vatican-official-warns-pope-of-corruption/|title=Vatican official warns pope of corruption |work=Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |date=26 January 2012 |last=Winfield |first=Nicole}}</ref>John L. Allen Jr. suggests Viganò's transfer could have been about personality rather than policy. "[T]his would not seem to be about a courageous whistle-blower who's trying to expose wrong-doing or prompt reform. The motives seem more personal and political."<ref name=Allen>[http://ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/five-questions-about-vaticans-leaks-scandal Allen Jr., John L. "Five questions about the Vatican's leaks scandal", ''National Catholic Reporter'', 17 February 2012]</ref>


⚫
==Apostolic Nuncio to the United States==
On 13 August 2011, Secretary of State [[Tarcisio Bertone|Bertone]] informed Viganò that Pope Benedict was appointing him Nuncio to the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/new-nuncio-no-stranger-politics |title=New nuncio is no stranger to politics |work=National Catholic Reporter |date=27 September 2011 |last=Allen |first=John L.}}</ref> [[Reuters]] reported that Viganò was unwilling to take that assignment. One of the [[Vatican leaks scandal|letters leaked by Benedict's butler in 2012]] revealed that Viganò had gone over Bertone's head and complained in a letter to Benedict of corruption in the Vatican, for which Bertone arranged to transfer Viganò to Washington over Viganò's objections.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/13/us-pope-anniversary-curia-insight-idUSBREA2C0UC20140313 In Vatican shake-up, Pope redefines role of second-in-command]</ref> The Vatican published Viganò's Washington appointment on 19 October 2011 and Viganò became the 14th papal representative to the United States since the creation of the post in 1893 and the fifth to serve as a diplomatic representative accredited to the government since [[Holy See – United States relations|bilateral diplomatic relations]] were established in 1984. Viganò said he welcomed the appointment and said that being [[Apostolic Nunciature to the United States|Apostolic Nuncio to the United States]] is an "important, vast and delicate" task; he was grateful to Pope Benedict for entrusting him with the mission and he felt called to renew his "trust in the Lord, who asks me to set out again". Being an Apostolic Nuncio, he said, is "a call to know this people, this country and come to love them".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1104106.htm |title=Pope names Archbishop Vigano new nuncio to the U.S |date=19 October 2011 |work=Catholic News Service |last=Wooden |first=Cindy}}</ref> Archbishop Viganò chose 19 October for the announcement because it is the feast of the [[North American Martyrs]].
On 13 August 2011, Secretary of State [[Tarcisio Bertone|Bertone]] informed Viganò that Pope Benedict was appointing him Nuncio to the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/new-nuncio-no-stranger-politics |title=New nuncio is no stranger to politics |work=National Catholic Reporter |date=27 September 2011 |last=Allen |first=John L.}}</ref> [[Reuters]] reported that Viganò was unwilling to take that assignment. One of the [[Vatican leaks scandal|letters leaked by Benedict's butler in 2012]] revealed that Viganò had gone over Bertone's head and complained in a letter to Benedict of corruption in the Vatican, for which Bertone arranged to transfer Viganò to Washington over Viganò's objections.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/13/us-pope-anniversary-curia-insight-idUSBREA2C0UC20140313 In Vatican shake-up, Pope redefines role of second-in-command]</ref> The Vatican published Viganò's Washington appointment on 19 October 2011 and Viganò became the 14th papal representative to the United States since the creation of the post in 1893 and the fifth to serve as a diplomatic representative accredited to the government since [[Holy See – United States relations|bilateral diplomatic relations]] were established in 1984. Viganò said he welcomed the appointment and said that being [[Apostolic Nunciature to the United States|Apostolic Nuncio to the United States]] is an "important, vast and delicate" task; he was grateful to Pope Benedict for entrusting him with the mission and he felt called to renew his "trust in the Lord, who asks me to set out again". Being an Apostolic Nuncio, he said, is "a call to know this people, this country and come to love them".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1104106.htm |title=Pope names Archbishop Vigano new nuncio to the U.S |date=19 October 2011 |work=Catholic News Service |last=Wooden |first=Cindy}}</ref> Archbishop Viganò chose 19 October for the announcement because it is the feast of the [[North American Martyrs]].

Cardinal [[Timothy Dolan]], Archbishop of New York, is quoted as saying, "In a way, [it] enhances his credibility as someone who does not look upon the internal workings of the Holy See with rose-colored glasses, but is well aware of difficulties there."<ref name=Allen/>


On 24 September 2015 during his visit to the United States, [[Pope Francis]] met [[Kim Davis (county clerk)|Kim Davis]], the [[Kentucky]] clerk whose refusal to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples made her a heroine to social conservatives in the U.S. On 2 October, the Rev. Thomas Rosica, a Vatican spokesman, said that the office of Archbishop Viganò had extended the invitation to Kim Davis and that the pope was probably not briefed about her case. Chief Vatican spokesman the Rev. [[Federico Lombardi]] depicted the meeting as one among many brief introductions rather than an audience.<ref name=nytmystery>{{cite web|title=Archbishop at Center of Mystery of Papal Meeting With Kim Davis|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/03/world/europe/archbishop-at-center-of-mystery-of-papal-meeting-with-kim-davis.html |work=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Was Pope Francis Actually Swindled Into Meeting Kim Davis?/The Papal Chase|url=http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/news/a38440/pope-francis-swindled-kim-davis-meeting/|publisher=Esquire|last=Piece|first=Charles |date=1 October 2015|accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref>
On 24 September 2015 during his visit to the United States, [[Pope Francis]] met [[Kim Davis (county clerk)|Kim Davis]], the [[Kentucky]] clerk whose refusal to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples made her a heroine to social conservatives in the U.S. On 2 October, the Rev. Thomas Rosica, a Vatican spokesman, said that the office of Archbishop Viganò had extended the invitation to Kim Davis and that the pope was probably not briefed about her case. Chief Vatican spokesman the Rev. [[Federico Lombardi]] depicted the meeting as one among many brief introductions rather than an audience.<ref name=nytmystery>{{cite web|title=Archbishop at Center of Mystery of Papal Meeting With Kim Davis|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/03/world/europe/archbishop-at-center-of-mystery-of-papal-meeting-with-kim-davis.html |work=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Was Pope Francis Actually Swindled Into Meeting Kim Davis?/The Papal Chase|url=http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/news/a38440/pope-francis-swindled-kim-davis-meeting/|publisher=Esquire|last=Piece|first=Charles |date=1 October 2015|accessdate=6 October 2015}}</ref>

Revision as of 01:48, 17 November 2015

His Excellency

Carlo Maria Viganò
Apostolic Nuncio to United States
Titular Archbishop of Ulpiana
Archbishop Viganò with President Barack Obama
AppointedOctober 19, 2011
Previous post(s)Apostolic Nuncio to Nigeria (1992-1998)
Official of Secretariat of State (1998-2009)
Secretary-General of the Governatorate of the Vatican City State (2009-2011)
Orders
OrdinationMarch 24, 1968
by Carlo Allorio
ConsecrationApril 26, 1992
by Pope John Paul II
Personal details
Born (1941-01-16) January 16, 1941 (age 83)
Varese, Italy
NationalityItalian
Styles of
Carlo Maria Viganò
Reference styleThe Most Reverend
Spoken styleYour Excellency
Religious styleArchbishop
Posthumous stylenot applicable

Carlo Maria Viganò, JUD (born 16 January 1941) became the Apostolic Nuncio to the United States on 19 October 2011. He had served as Secretary-General of the Governatorate of Vatican City State, from 16 July 2009 to 3 September 2011.

Early life

Carlo Maria Viganò was born 16 January 1941 in Varese,Italy. Viganò was ordained a priest on 24 March 1968. He earned a doctorate in utroque iure (both canon and civil law).[1] He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1973, and worked at the papal diplomatic missions in Iraq and Great Britain. From 1978 to 1989, he held posts at the Secretariat of State. He was named Special Envoy and Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg on 4 April 1989. In addition to his native Italian, he speaks French, Spanish and English.

His brother Lorenzo is a Jesuit priest.[2]

Nuncio

On 3 April 1992, he was appointed Titular Archbishop of Ulpiana and Apostolic Nuncio to Nigeria by Pope John Paul II. He was consecrated by the Pope, with Cardinals Franciszek Macharski and Angelo Sodano serving as co-consecrators, on 26 April. Pope John Paul II visited Nigeria in 1997 while Viganò was Apostolic Nuncio there. At the close of his mission to Nigeria, he was assigned to functions within the Secretariat of State as delegate for Pontifical Representations, making him the personnel chief for the Roman curia in addition to Vatican diplomats. He served in this role until he became Secretary General of the Governatorate on 16 July 2009.[3]

Secretary General of the Vatican City Governatorate

Main article: Vatileaks scandal

In 2009, Archbishop Viganò was appointed Secretary General of the Vatican City Governatorate. In that role he established centralized accounting procedures and accountability for cost overruns that helped turn a US$10.5 million deficit for the city-state into a surplus of $44 million in one year.[4]

In 2010 Archbishop Viganò suggested that the Vatican should drop out of the Euro currency agreement in order to avoid new European banking regulations. Instead, the Vatican chose to adhere to the Euro agreement and accept the new scrutiny that tougher banking regulations required.[5]

He spoke at the General Assembly of Interpol in November 2010, saying that,

While it is true that globalisation offers opportunities for development and enrichment, it is also true that it can cause increased poverty and hunger, which in turn can spark chain reactions often leading to widely disparate forms of violence. Nor can we underestimate the fact that the fruits of technological and scientific progress can, for all their enormous benefits to humanity, be used in a way that clearly violates the order of creation, even to the point of denying the sacredness of life and stripping the human person and the family of their natural identity. ...The Holy See has always recalled this urgent need, conscious of the fact that the desire for peace, the pursuit of justice, respect for the dignity of the person, humanitarian cooperation and assistance are expressions of the just aspirations of the human spirit and the ideals which ought to undergird international relations. The Holy See has done so vigorously, even in recent days, as for example by intervening in the current debate on disarmament at the United Nations and urging all parties to reach agreement on definitive and complete disarmament". [6]

In late January 2012 a television program aired in Italy under the name of Gli intoccabili (The Untouchables),[7] purporting to disclose confidential letters and memos of the Vatican.[8] Among the documents were letters written to the pope and to the Secretary of State, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, by Archbishop Viganò, complaining of corruption in Vatican finances and a campaign of defamation against him. Viganò, formerly the second ranked Vatican administrator to the pope, requested not to be transferred for having exposed alleged corruption that cost the Holy See millions in higher contract prices.

On 4 February 2012, Cardinal-President Emeritus Giovanni Lajolo, President Giuseppe Bertello, Secretary-General Giuseppe Sciacca and former Vice Secretary-General Giorgio Corbellini issued a joint statement on behalf of the Governatorate of the Vatican: "The unauthorized publication of two letters of Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, the first addressed to the Holy Father on March 27, 2011, the second to the Cardinal Secretary of State on May 8, for the Governorate of Vatican City is a source of great bitterness". It continued, "The allegations contained in them can not but lead to the impression that the Governorate of Vatican City, instead of being an instrument of responsible government, is an unreliable entity, at the mercy of dark forces. After careful examination of the contents of the two letters, the President of the Governorate sees it as its duty to publicly declare that those assertions are the result of erroneous assessments, or fears based on unsubstantiated evidence, even openly contradicted by the main characters invoked as witnesses".[9]

Cardinal Velasio De Paolis, formerly the head of the Vatican's Prefecture of the Economic Affairs, its auditing office, said, "From what I know, I don't think there was actual corruption." But he did concede the possibility of "instances of a lack of correctness".[10]John L. Allen Jr. suggests Viganò's transfer could have been about personality rather than policy. "[T]his would not seem to be about a courageous whistle-blower who's trying to expose wrong-doing or prompt reform. The motives seem more personal and political."[11]

Apostolic Nuncio to the United States

On 13 August 2011, Secretary of State Bertone informed Viganò that Pope Benedict was appointing him Nuncio to the United States.[12] Reuters reported that Viganò was unwilling to take that assignment. One of the letters leaked by Benedict's butler in 2012 revealed that Viganò had gone over Bertone's head and complained in a letter to Benedict of corruption in the Vatican, for which Bertone arranged to transfer Viganò to Washington over Viganò's objections.[13] The Vatican published Viganò's Washington appointment on 19 October 2011 and Viganò became the 14th papal representative to the United States since the creation of the post in 1893 and the fifth to serve as a diplomatic representative accredited to the government since bilateral diplomatic relations were established in 1984. Viganò said he welcomed the appointment and said that being Apostolic Nuncio to the United States is an "important, vast and delicate" task; he was grateful to Pope Benedict for entrusting him with the mission and he felt called to renew his "trust in the Lord, who asks me to set out again". Being an Apostolic Nuncio, he said, is "a call to know this people, this country and come to love them".[14] Archbishop Viganò chose 19 October for the announcement because it is the feast of the North American Martyrs.

Cardinal Timothy Dolan, Archbishop of New York, is quoted as saying, "In a way, [it] enhances his credibility as someone who does not look upon the internal workings of the Holy See with rose-colored glasses, but is well aware of difficulties there."[11]

On 24 September 2015 during his visit to the United States, Pope Francis met Kim Davis, the Kentucky clerk whose refusal to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples made her a heroine to social conservatives in the U.S. On 2 October, the Rev. Thomas Rosica, a Vatican spokesman, said that the office of Archbishop Viganò had extended the invitation to Kim Davis and that the pope was probably not briefed about her case. Chief Vatican spokesman the Rev. Federico Lombardi depicted the meeting as one among many brief introductions rather than an audience.[15][16]

In January 2016, when Viganò turns 75 years old, he is expected to submit a formal request for permission to resign as required by canon law.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Biography of Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò", Franciscan Foundation for the Holy Land
  2. ^ Tosatti, Marco. "The secret report Benedict wrote for Francis". Vatican Insider. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  3. ^ "Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò". Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  4. ^ Allen, John L. (26 January 2012). "Vatican denies corruption charges attributed to U.S. nuncio". National Catholic Reporter.[dead link‍]
  5. ^ "Influential prelate said Vatican should drop Euro, author reports". Catholic World News. 25 July 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  6. ^ "Intevernto del Segretario Generale del Governatorato dello Stato della Città del Vaticano alla 79a Assemblea Generale dell'Interpol (Doha, Qatar)".[dead link‍]
  7. ^ Ivereigh, Austen. Macmillan, The Great Reformer, 2014, ISBN 9781627791571
  8. ^ Squires, Nick (23 May 2012). "Vatican newspaper editor accused of gay smear against rival". London: Telegraph. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  9. ^ "Dichiarazione della Presidenza del Governatorato dello Stato della Citta del Vaticano". 4 February 2012.[dead link‍]
  10. ^ Winfield, Nicole (26 January 2012). "Vatican official warns pope of corruption". Seattle Times. Associated Press.
  11. ^ a b Allen Jr., John L. "Five questions about the Vatican's leaks scandal", National Catholic Reporter, 17 February 2012
  12. ^ Allen, John L. (27 September 2011). "New nuncio is no stranger to politics". National Catholic Reporter.
  13. ^ In Vatican shake-up, Pope redefines role of second-in-command
  14. ^ Wooden, Cindy (19 October 2011). "Pope names Archbishop Vigano new nuncio to the U.S". Catholic News Service.
  15. ^ a b "Archbishop at Center of Mystery of Papal Meeting With Kim Davis". New York Times.
  16. ^ Piece, Charles (1 October 2015). "Was Pope Francis Actually Swindled Into Meeting Kim Davis?/The Papal Chase". Esquire. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Apostolic Nuncio to Nigeria
3 April 1992 – 4 April 1998 		Succeeded by
Osvaldo Padilla
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Delegate for Pontifical Representations
4 April 1998-16 July 2009 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Secretary-General of the Governatorate of the Vatican City State
16 July 2009-3 September 2011 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Apostolic Nuncio to the United States
19 October 2011 – present 		Incumbent

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