Rangkiang: Difference between revisions
Rochelimit (talk | contribs) created |
(No difference)
|
Revision as of 17:15, 2 November 2015
Rangkiang (also lumbuang)[1] is a granary of the Minangkabau people used to keep rice. The rangkiang is a distinctive feature of Minangkabau architecture. The structure is traditionally found in the courtyard of a rumah gadang, the traditional house of Minangkabau people.
Etymology
The word rangkiang is a shortened version from the Minangkabau word "ruang hyang (Dewi Sri)" ("room of goddess (Dewi Sri)").[2]
Architecture
A rangkiang is a structure built over a raised pile foundation, an Austronesian legacy that can be found anywhere else in Indonesia. It has a distinguished roof shape known as gonjong ("spired") roofs, similar with a Minangkabau traditional house. The gonjong roof symbolically identifies it with a buffalo.[3] Similar with the rumah gadang, the roof of a rangkiang is traditionally a thatched roof made of palm fibre (ijuk), and it is also similarly decorated. The only opening to a rangkiang is a small rectangular hatch high up in the gable end, into which the harvested rice is placed. A ladder is required to reach this hatch.[2]
A rangkiang is traditionally built on the courtyard of a rumah gadang. There are three types of main rangkiangs according to its function. A rangkiang which is used to store rice that is to be consumed by the inhabitants of the house is known as si bayau-bayau.[4] This rangkiang, the largest of all rangkiang, is traditionally supported by six poles; although in the case of a royal palace - such as the Pagaruyung Palace - it can be supported by as many as twelve poles. It is traditionally located to the right right end of a rumah gadang courtyard.[5]
Another type of rangkiang is si tinjau lauik used to keep rice that is to be sold.[4] The resulting money is used to buy things that the family cannot produce themselves.[5] This rangkiang is traditionally located in the middle of a rumah gadang's courtyard. It is supported by four poles.[2]
Another type of rangkiang is the si tanggung lapar or si tangguang lapa or si tangka lapa ("the one the supports hunger"), which is used to store surplus rice for use in times of scarcity.[4][5] This type of rangkiang is traditionally positioned to the left end of a rumah gadang courtyard. It is basically identical with the si tinjau laut, being supported by four poles.[2]
Other rangkiang, known as rangkiang kaciak ("little granary"), is used to keep rice seedlings (padi abuan) for agricultural purpose.[5] This rangkiang used a simple gable roof instead of the elaborate Minangkabau roof form, thus it looks the simplest of all rangkiang.
The amount of rangkiang and ornament that decorates rumah gadang shows the wealth of the owner. The more rangkiang possessed by a family, the more prestigious the owner is.
Modern use
A facade of a Minangkabau restaurant is sometimes decorated with a single rangkiang roof, the impact of which gives the aesthetic and functional aspect of the building as a symbol of rice and food provision for people.[6]
References
- ^ Dr. Erwin 2006, p. 153.
- ^ a b c d Syamsidar 1991, pp. 52–54.
- ^ Gunawan Tjahjono 1998, pp. 14–5.
- ^ a b c Schefold 2008, pp. 104–5.
- ^ Elda Franzia, Yasraf Amir Piliang & Acep Iwan Saidi 2015, pp. 46–7.
Works cited
- Dr. Edwin (2006). Tanah komunal: memudarnya solidaritas sosial pada masyarakat matrilineal Minangkabau [Communal land: the disappearing social solidarity in the matrilineal society of Minangkabau] (in Indonesian). Andalas: Andalas University. ISBN 9789793364292.
- Elda Franzia; Yasraf Amir Piliang; Acep Iwan Saidi (January 2015). "Rumah Gadang as a Symbolic Representation of Minangkabau Ethnic Identity" (PDF). International Journal of Social Science and Humanity. 5 (1). doi:10.7763/IJSSH.2015.V5.419. ISSN 2010-3646.
- Gunawan Tjahjono, ed. (1998). Architecture. Indonesian Heritage. Vol. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press. ISBN 981-3018-30-5.
- Navis, A.A. (July 2001). Cerita Rakyat Dari Sumatera Barat 3 [West Sumatra Folk Stories 3] (in Indonesian). Contributed by the Proyek Inventarisasi dan Pembinaan Nilai-Nilai Budaya (Indonesia). Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Pembinaan Nilai-Nilai Budaya.
- Schefold, Reimar, ed. (2008). Indonesian Houses: Survey of Vernacular Architecture in Western Indonesia. Leiden series on Indonesian architecture. Vol. 2. Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN 9789004253988.
- Syamsidar (1991). Arsitektur Tradisional Daerah Sumatera Barat [Traditional Architecture of West Sumatra Region] (in Indonesian). Padang: Grasindo. ISBN 9789797595517.
See also
