Jump to content

Iris tigridia: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
BattyBot (talk | contribs)
Bots
1,920,195 edits
→‎External links: changed article categories to category links per WP:USERNOCAT using AWB (11376)
added more details and refs
Line 24: Line 24:
| Iris praecox | Pallas. <ref name=american>{{cite web |first=Alain |last=Franco |title=(SPEC) Iris tigridia Bunge |date=29 November 2013 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecTigridia |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref>
| Iris praecox | Pallas. <ref name=american>{{cite web |first=Alain |last=Franco |title=(SPEC) Iris tigridia Bunge |date=29 November 2013 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecTigridia |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref>
}}}}
}}}}
'''''Iris tigridia''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]] and in the ''Pseudoregelia section''. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from [[Kazakhstan]], [[Russia]], [[Mongolia]] and [[China]]. It has
'''''Iris tigridia''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]] and in the ''Pseudoregelia section''. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from [[Kazakhstan]], [[Russia]], [[Mongolia]] and [[China]]. It has dark green or greyish green, grass-like leaves, a short slender stem and a single (or rarely 2) flowers that are either violet, dark blue, blue-purple, dark purple, mauve, lilac, lavender, or light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions.

==Description==
It has small compact rhizomes.<ref name=british>British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|page=107}}</ref><ref name=efloras>{{cite web |title=FOC Vol. 24 Page 311 |url=http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028221 |publisher=efloras.org (Flora of China) |accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref> Which are brown,<ref name=irisbotanique>{{cite web |title=Chapter I (Part 7) Pseudoregelia |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/ |publisher=irisbotanique.com |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref> yellow or white, fibrous.<ref name=csdb>{{cite web |title= |url=http://www.plants.csdb.cn/eflora/view/search/chs_contents.aspx?CPNI=CPNI-252 |publisher=plants.csdb.cn |accessdate=6 August 2015}}</ref> Underneath the rhizome are numerous fleshy, secondary roots,<ref name=british> which are between 3-4mm wide.<ref name=csdb/> On top of the rhizome are the dense, brown,<ref name=lesnoj>{{cite web |first=M.M. |last=Silanteva |title=IRIS TIGRIDIA BUNGE - IRIS (Iris) tiger |url=http://lesnoj-atlas.com/page/260/iris-tigridia-bunge-iris-kasatik-tigrovyy.html?group=2 |publisher=lesnoj-atlas.com |accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=icc>{{cite web |title=Iridaceae Juss. Iris tigridia Bunge |url=http://www.icc.mn/Plants/eplant/pl100.htm |publisher=icc.mn |accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=onego>{{cite web |title=Tiger Iris - Iris tigridia Bunge |url=http://flower.onego.ru/other/iris/irie_cae.html |publisher=flower.onego.ru |accessdate=20 July 2015}}</ref> or dark brown,<ref name=gasu>{{cite web |first=I.A. |last=Damn |title=Plants, Rdb Altai Territory |url=http://e-lib.gasu.ru/konf/sssk/arhive/2006/01/R_3_3.html |publisher=e-lib.gasu.ru (Gorno-Altaisk State University) |accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref> fibrous remains of last seasons leaves.<ref name=handbook>{{cite web |first=William |last=Dykes |authorlink=William Rickatson Dykes |title=Handbook of Garden Irises |year=2009 |url=http://www.beardlessiris.org/reviews/handbook%20of%20garden%20irises%20-%20dykes.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises) |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=red>{{cite web |first=V.M. |last=Doronkin |first2=A.G. |last2=Mans |url=http://www.g-abs.ru/red/red/str/41 Iris tigridia.htm |publisher=g-abs.ru |accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref><!--also<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/>--> It creates small tufted plants.<ref name=icc/><ref name=red/>
It has dark green,<ref name=csdb/> or greyish green leaves,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=red/><ref name=irisbotanique/> that can grow up to between {{convert|5|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} long, and between 1.5 and 6mm wide.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=gasu/><ref name=European>James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) {{Google books|CkxWrDqtWLQC|The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) |page=251}}</ref> At the time of flowering, they are {{convert|5|-|13|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=british/> and between 1.5 and 2mm wide.<ref name=csdb/> They then elongate to the final height of up to 30cm tall.<ref name=csdb/><ref name=irisbotanique/> They are grass-like, they can be erect and linear,<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/> or slightly curved. <ref name=gasu/><ref name=icc/> They do not have a midvein,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> but have an acuminate apex (pointed) tip.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/>ref name=icc/> This form separates them from ''[[Iris potaninii]]''.<ref name=handbook/> In mild temperate areas, they are evergreen (lasting through the winter).<ref name=onego/>

It has a slender stem,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> that can grow up to between {{convert|3|-|15|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.<ref name=signa>{{cite web |first=D. |last=Kramb |title=Iris tigridia |date=10 October 2004 |url=http://www.signa.org/index.pl?Iris-tigridia |publisher=signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America) |accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=cassidy>{{cite book |last1=Cassidy |first1=George E.| last2=Linnegar | first2=Sidney | date=1987 |edition=Revised | title= Growing Irises |location=Bromley | publisher=Christopher Helm | page=126 | isbn=0-88192-089-4}}</ref><ref name=pacific>{{cite web |title=Iris summary |date=14 April 2014 |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/files/Iris/Iris_Summary.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=pacificbulbsociety.org |accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref><!--also<ref name=gasu/><ref name=onego/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=red/><ref name=handbook/><ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=icc/><ref name=European/><ref name=american/>--> Sometimes, the stem seems to only just appear above ground.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=british/><ref name=csdb/>

The stem has 2,<ref name=gasu/> yellow-green, (scarious) membranous, [[Bract#Spathe|spathes]] (leaves of the flower bud).<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/>
They are lanceolate and between {{convert|3|-|4|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=icc/> with a pointed tip.<ref name=csdb/>

The stems hold 1, (or rarely 2,<ref name=European/>) terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between April and May,<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=handbook/> normally in May.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/><!--also<ref name=gasu/><ref name=onego/><ref name=irisbotanique/>

The flowers are {{convert|3.5|-|5|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,<ref name=british/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=csdb/> come in shades of violet,<ref name=british/><ref name=irisbotanique/> dark blue,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=European/><ref name=aril>{{cite web| title=Aril irises S-Z| date=14 April 2014 | url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/ArilIrises | publisher= pacificbulbsociety.org | accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref><!--also<ref name=american/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=signa/>--> blue-purple,<ref name=csdb/><ref name=gasu/><ref name=onego/><!--also<ref name=handbook/><ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=cassidy/>--> dark purple,<ref name=red/> mauve,<ref name=american/><ref name=stebbings>{{cite book |last=Stebbings |first=Geoff |year=1997|title=The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises |url= |location=Newton Abbot |publisher=David and Charles |page=16 |isbn=0715305395 }}</ref> lilac,<ref name=European/><ref name=american/> lavender,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=signa/><ref name=aril><!--also<ref name=pacific/>--> or light purple.<ref name=efloras/> The flowers have darker spots, veining or mottling.<ref name=gasu/><ref name=red/><ref name=European/><!--also<ref name=lesnoj/><ref name=signa/><ref name=american/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=aril>-->

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]]), known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }}</ref> The falls are
obovate, and {{convert|3|-|4|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/><!--also<ref name=icc/>--> and 1-1.5cm wide.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> It has in the centre of the petal, is a white patch,<ref name=European/> and a beard,<ref name=gasu/><ref name=onego/><ref name=lesnoj/> with blue-white,<ref name=british/> or white hairs,<ref name=aril/> tipped with yellow,<ref name=European/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=american/><!--also<ref name=signa/><ref name=pacific/>--> or yellow hairs.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/>
The erect,<ref name=british/> or tilting outwards,<ref name=csdb/> standards are oblanceolate,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> and {{convert|2.5|-|3|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 0.4-0.7cm wide.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> They are darker shade than the falls.<ref name=british/>

It has a 5mm long [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]],<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> and 2cm long [[perianth|perianth tube]],<ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=handbook/> that widens out at the top.<ref name=british/><ref name=csdb/>

It has 2.3-2.5cm long [[Stigma (botany)#Style|styles]],<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> that have triangular crests.<ref name=british/><ref name=csdb/> It has blue [[pollen]],<ref name=british/> and a long, green [[Ovary (botany)|ovary]], that is up to 1.2cm long.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> It has 1.5cm long stamens.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/>

After the iris has flowered, between June and July,<ref name=onego/> or up to August,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> it produces an ovoid,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> or fusiform (spindle shaped),<ref name=onego/><ref name=red/> seed capsule. That is between {{convert|2.5|-|4|cm|0|abbr=on}} long,<ref name=british/><ref name=icc/><ref name=csdb/> and 1.5-2cm in diameter.<ref name=csdb/> It has a beak like top, attached to the remains of the perianth tube.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/> Inside the capsule are roundish,<ref name=british/> or pear shaped (pyriform), seeds.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/>
They have a creamy,<ref name=british/> or yellowish white aril (appendage).<ref name=efloras/><ref name=csdb/>


===Biochemistry===
===Biochemistry===

Revision as of 09:45, 24 August 2015

For the tiger iris, see Tigridia pavonia.

Iris tigridia
From Altai, Russia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Subfamily:
Iridoideae
Tribe:
Irideae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Iris
Section:
Pseudoregelia
Species:
Iris tigridia
Binomial name
Iris tigridia
Synonyms
  • Iris pandurata Maxim.
  • Iris tigridia var. tigridia (Unknown)[1]
  • Iris pygmaea Pallas
  • Iris pumilae affinis Pallas
  • Iris praecox Pallas. [2]

Iris tigridia is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Pseudoregelia section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and China. It has dark green or greyish green, grass-like leaves, a short slender stem and a single (or rarely 2) flowers that are either violet, dark blue, blue-purple, dark purple, mauve, lilac, lavender, or light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Description

It has small compact rhizomes.[3][4] Which are brown,[5] yellow or white, fibrous.[6] Underneath the rhizome are numerous fleshy, secondary roots,Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).[7][8] or dark brown,[9] fibrous remains of last seasons leaves.[10][11] It creates small tufted plants.[7][11]

It has dark green,[6] or greyish green leaves,[4][11][5] that can grow up to between 5–30 cm (2–12 in) long, and between 1.5 and 6mm wide.[4][9][12] At the time of flowering, they are 5–13 cm (2–5 in) long,[3] and between 1.5 and 2mm wide.[6] They then elongate to the final height of up to 30cm tall.[6][5] They are grass-like, they can be erect and linear,[3][4] or slightly curved. [9][7] They do not have a midvein,[4][6] but have an acuminate apex (pointed) tip.[4][6]ref name=icc/> This form separates them from Iris potaninii.[10] In mild temperate areas, they are evergreen (lasting through the winter).[8]

It has a slender stem,[4][6] that can grow up to between 3–15 cm (1–6 in) tall.[13][14][15] Sometimes, the stem seems to only just appear above ground.[4][3][6]

The stem has 2,[9] yellow-green, (scarious) membranous, spathes (leaves of the flower bud).[3][4] They are lanceolate and between 3–4 cm (1–2 in) long,[7] with a pointed tip.[6]

The stems hold 1, (or rarely 2,[12]) terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between April and May,[16][10] normally in May.[3][4][6] blue-purple,[6][9][8] dark purple,[11] mauve,[2][17] lilac,[12][2] lavender,[5][13]Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). The falls are obovate, and 3–4 cm (1–2 in) long,[3][4][6] and 1-1.5cm wide.[3][4][6] It has in the centre of the petal, is a white patch,[12] and a beard,[9][8][16] with blue-white,[3] or white hairs,[18] tipped with yellow,[12][5][2] or yellow hairs.[4][6] The erect,[3] or tilting outwards,[6] standards are oblanceolate,[4][6] and 2.5–3 cm (1–1 in) long and 0.4-0.7cm wide.[3][4][6] They are darker shade than the falls.[3]

It has a 5mm long pedicel,[4][6] and 2cm long perianth tube,[4][5][10] that widens out at the top.[3][6]

It has 2.3-2.5cm long styles,[3][4][6] that have triangular crests.[3][6] It has blue pollen,[3] and a long, green ovary, that is up to 1.2cm long.[3][4][6] It has 1.5cm long stamens.[4][6]

After the iris has flowered, between June and July,[8] or up to August,[4][6] it produces an ovoid,[4][6] or fusiform (spindle shaped),[8][11] seed capsule. That is between 2.5–4 cm (1–2 in) long,[3][7][6] and 1.5-2cm in diameter.[6] It has a beak like top, attached to the remains of the perianth tube.[3][4][6] Inside the capsule are roundish,[3] or pear shaped (pyriform), seeds.[4][6] They have a creamy,[3] or yellowish white aril (appendage).[4][6]

Biochemistry

In 2003, a study was carried out on the chromosome sequencing of various Irises from the Siberian region of central Asia. They sequenced the rbcL gene from some Siberian Iris species belonging to different subgenera including, Iris halophila, Iris ludwigii, Iris uniflora, Iris pseudacorus and Iris laevigata. Their results supported [Brian Mathew]]’s classification from 1989. That Iris bloudowii, Iris humilis, Iris ivanovae, Iris tigridia, and Iris glaucescens form a cluster.[19]

In 2011, a chromosome and karyotype analysis study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris tigridia. It found that the chromosome number of Iris tigridia was 2n=18.[20]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[21] It has been counted several times. Including by Doronkin in 1984.[2] It has been counted as 2n=18,[20] 20,[15][2] 22,[15][5][13] 24,[15][2] 28,[15] 32,[15] 34,[2] 38,[15][3] and 40.[15][2]

Taxonomy

It is written as 粗根鸢尾 in chinese script and known as cu gen yuan wei in Pidgin.[4][22]

It is also commonly known as 'thick-root iris' in China.[22] or 'coarse roots iris'.[6] In Russia, it is commonly known as 'tiger Iris'.[6][23][24]

It is known as 'Bartsooxor tsaxildag' in Mongolian.[25]

The Latin specific epithet tigridia refers to 'tigris' or tiger-like. This refers to the colour marking of the perianth,[26][27] or the rather motley coloured flower of the iris.[9]

It was first published and described (written in Latin) by Carl Friedrich von Ledebour and Alexander Andrejewitsch von Bunge in 'Flora Altaica' Vol.1 on page 60 in 1829.[28][29][30]

It was then published by Ledebour in 'Icones Plantarum novarum vel imperfecte cognitarum Floram rossicam' (Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross.) tab. 342. in 1830 (or 1833,[6]) with a colour illustration,[2] then by Maxim in the 'Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences St Petersburg' (Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb.) Vol.26 on page530 in 1880 and by C.H. Wright in the 'Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany' (Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.) Vol.36 on page 85 in 1903.

It was once placed with Iris potaninii and Iris pumila in the Pogoniris group,[10] before being re-classified as in the Pseudoregelia section.

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 19 May 1999, then updated on 1 December 2004.[22]

It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life.[31]

Iris tigridia is an accepted name by the RHS, it was last listed in the RHS Plant Finder in 2014.[32]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate Asia.[22][18][31]

It is endemic to the north-east Asia,[11] from the Altai mountain range and Siberia to Manchuria in China.[10][14][30]

Range

It is found in Russia,[6][15][13] within the Russian states of Aga-Buryat, Buryatia,[8] Chita,[8] Chukchi, Gorno-Altay, Irkutsk, Magadan, Tuva,[16][8][11] and Yakutia (Sakha).[22] Including the Altai mountains,[29][16][33] Altai Republic,[16][11] and Trans-Baikal region.[8]

Within middle Asia, it is found in Mongolia,[6][17][34](in the territories of Khubsugul, Khentei, Khangai, Mongol-Daurian and Middle Khalkha,[7]) and in Kazakhstan.[5][22][4]

It is also found in China,[15][8][13] within the provinces of Gansu, Heilongjiang,[6] Jilin,[6] Liaoning,[6] Nei Monggol,[6] Qinghai, Shanxi,[6] and Sichuan.[22][5][31]

It is listed with Iris bloudowii, Iris glaucescens, Iris ruthenica, Iris sibirica, Iris tenuifolia and Iris psammocola (another Pseudoregelia Iris) as being found in the Altai-Sayan region (where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together).[35]

Habitat

It grows in (rocky or gravelly) screes,[8][16][36] on the dry hillsides (or slopes),[16][7][11] in dunes,[31] in sandy meadows or grasslands,[6][31][9] in steppes,[8][36][7] and beside forest margins.[4][5]

They can be found at an altitude of 0–2,000 m (0–6,562 ft) above sea level.[8][11]

Conservation

It is listed as 'rare' in Russia,[37] only single specimens are found.[8] It is also rare in Mongolia.[7]

It is listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation,[23][11] the Data Book of the Altai Republic,[23] (or Territory),[16][11] of USSR,[23][11] of the Tuva Republic,[23][11] and the Republic of Khakassia,[23][11] and of Kazakhstan.[24]

It is found in Dauria and Sokhondinsky State Biosphere Reserve (in Chita).[23]

Cultivation

It is hardy to Zone H3 in Europe.[12] Meaning that it is hardy to -10 to -15oC (14 to 5oF).[38] In non-hardy areas, it can be grown in an alpine house or bulb frame.[14] Due to the fact that the plant needs to be protected from winter moisture.[8]

It has been tested for hardiness in Russia, in the botanical gardens of Barnaul (The South-Siberian Botanical Garden), Novosibirsk (Central Siberian Botanical Garden) , Chita (Trans-Baikal Botanical Garden) and Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden. Only in St. Petersburg, it was found to be not hardy.[8]

It can be grown in well drained soils, in a sunny position.[14][8]

It can be grown in a rock garden.[10][8]

It is thought best planted between August and September.[10]

Propagation

It can be propagated by division or by seed growing. It can only be divided, when the plant makes new side-shoots.[16]

Hybrids and Cultivars

Several cultivars have been introduced including;

  • ‘Violet Peafowl’ (purple)
  • ‘Starry Diamond’ (violet blue)
  • ‘Rainbow in May’ (purple-pink)
  • ‘Bright Vitas’ (blue).

All 4 cultivars are between 12 cm to 14 cm tall, flower between April and May, are hardy, drought tolerant and salt tolerant.[39][40]

  • 'Medianite' (a lilac and pink form, but lost in cultivation,[2]

Iris tigridia var. fortis (Y. T. Zhao) is listed as a variant from (Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi) in China. It grows 10–20 cm (4–8 in) tall, with violet flowers.[13][15]

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[41]

Uses

It is used in gardens, also in herbal medicines,[7] and as a fodder plant for farm animals.[7][25]

It has been eaten by cattle and horses, at most times of the year. It is also consumed by goats but it is thought to be an undesirable food source.[25]

References

  1. ^ "Iris tigridia Bunge ex Ledeb. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 5 (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Franco, Alain (29 November 2013). "(SPEC) Iris tigridia Bunge". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 17 July 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 7 (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation, p. 107, at Google Books
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "FOC Vol. 24 Page 311". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Chapter I (Part 7) Pseudoregelia". irisbotanique.com. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao . plants.csdb.cn http://www.plants.csdb.cn/eflora/view/search/chs_contents.aspx?CPNI=CPNI-252. Retrieved 6 August 2015. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Iridaceae Juss. Iris tigridia Bunge". icc.mn. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Tiger Iris - Iris tigridia Bunge". flower.onego.ru. Retrieved 20 July 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 11 (help)
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Damn, I.A. "Plants, Rdb Altai Territory". e-lib.gasu.ru (Gorno-Altaisk State University). Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Dykes, William (2009). "Handbook of Garden Irises" (PDF). beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises). Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Doronkin, V.M.; Mans, A.G. g-abs.ru Iris tigridia.htm http://www.g-abs.ru/red/red/str/41 Iris tigridia.htm. Retrieved 19 August 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ^ a b c d e f James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) , p. 251, at Google Books
  13. ^ a b c d e f Kramb, D. (10 October 2004). "Iris tigridia". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  14. ^ a b c d Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 126. ISBN 0-88192-089-4.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cite error: The named reference lesnoj was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ a b Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p. 16. ISBN 0715305395.
  18. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference aril was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Makarevitch, Irina; Golovnina, Kseniya; Scherbik, Svetlana; Blinov, Alexander (2003). "Phylogenetic Relationships Of The Siberian Iris Species Inferred From Noncoding Chloroplast Dna Sequences". Int. J. Plant Sci. 164 (2). The University of Chicago: 229–237. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  20. ^ a b Xiaoying, Bi; Zhiwei, Zhao; Yang, Zheng; Dongsheng, Li (2011). "Staining and Slide-preparing Technique of Chromosome and Karyotype Analysis of Iris tigridia" (PDF). Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 27 (13): 157–160. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference ClaireAustin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ a b c d e f g "Taxon: Iris tigridia Bunge". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g "Iris tigridia Bunge". oopt.aari.ru. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  24. ^ a b "Red Book (Flora) 2". innature.kz. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  25. ^ a b c "Palatability Of Mongolian Rangeland Plants, Circular of Information No. 3". Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center. December 2005. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  26. ^ D. Gledhill The Names of Plants, p. 390, at Google Books
  27. ^ Smith, A.W.; Stearn, William T. (1972). A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names (Revised ed.). Cassell and Company (published 1963). p. 314. ISBN 0304937215.
  28. ^ Carl Friedrich von Ledebour, Karl Anton Meyer and Alexander von Bunge Flora Altaica: Classis 1 - 5, Volume 1 (1829) , p. 60, at Google Books
  29. ^ a b "Iridaceae Iris tigridia Bunge". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 17 July 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 10 (help)
  30. ^ a b "Iris tigridia Bunge ex Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 60 (1829)". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  31. ^ a b c d e "Iris cuniculiformis". eol.org. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  32. ^ "Iris tigridia". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  33. ^ M.S. Mani Ecology and Biogeography of High Altitude Insects, p. 358, at Google Books
  34. ^ P.D. Gunin, Elizabeth A. Vostokova, Nadezhda I. Dorofeyuk, Pavel E. Tarasov, Clanton C. Black (Editors) Vegetation Dynamics of Mongolia, p. 185, at Google Books
  35. ^ "Biodiversity of Altai-Sayan Ecoregion". bioaltai-sayan.ru. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  36. ^ a b "Scientific name:Iris tigridia Bunge". greif.uni-greifswald.de. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  37. ^ "The exhibition "Iris Russia"". flower-iris.ru. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  38. ^ "Plant Hardiness". theseedsite.co. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  39. ^ Luo, Gang-Jun; Bi, Xiao-Ying; Meng, Tong-Fei; Zheng, Yang; Xu, Wen-Ji; Lei, Jia-Jun (2014). "New Iris tigridia Cultivars 'Violet Peafowl', 'Starry Diamond'，'Rainbow in May' and 'Bright Vitas'". Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 41 (10): 2163–2164. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  40. ^ Murrain, Jim (12 August 2013). "Perks of the "job"". theamericanirissociety.blogspot.co.uk. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  41. ^ David G Spoerke and Susan C. SmolinskeToxicity of Houseplants, p. 236, at Google Books

Other sources

  • Fedtsch, B. 1935 Kom Fl URSS 4, 549.
  • Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
  • Fu, Y. C. et al. 1977–. Flora intramongolica.
  • Lineam, Kitagawa 1939 Fl Mansh 149.
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR.
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 68.
  • Waddick, J. W. & Zhao Yu-tang. 1992. Iris of China.
  • Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).
  • Liu Ying, Liu 1936 Chinese Journal of Botany Vol.3 Issue 2 page 947

External links

Media related to Iris tigridia at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Iris tigridia at Wikispecies

tigridia Category:Plants described in 1829 Category:Flora of Asia Category:Flora of Kazakhstan Category:Flora of Russia Category:Flora of Siberia Category:Flora of Mongolia Category:Flora of China

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iris_tigridia&oldid=677598609"