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|synonyms = Iris goniocarpa var. grossa Y.T.Zhao <ref>{{cite web |title=Iris cuniculiformis Noltie & K.Y.Guan is an accepted name
|synonyms = Iris goniocarpa var. grossa Y.T.Zhao <ref>{{cite web |title=Iris cuniculiformis Noltie & K.Y.Guan is an accepted name
|date= 23 March 2013 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-321736 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]])|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref>}}
|date= 23 March 2013 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-321736 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]])|accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref>}}
'''''Iris cuniculiformis''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]] and in the ''Pseudoregelia section''. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from China, it has
'''''Iris cuniculiformis''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]] and in the ''Pseudoregelia section''. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from China, it has long and thin green leaves, and 1 lilac (or similar shade) large flowers, that have yellow or grey beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions.


==Description==
It has very short upright rhizomes,<ref name=efloras>{{cite web |title=FOC Vol. 24 Page 311 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=240001313 |publisher=efloras.org (Flora of China) |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=irisbotanique>{{cite web |title=Chapter I (Part 7) Pseudoregelia |url=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/article-chapitre-i-partie-7-les-pseudoregelia-124148388.html ||language=French |publisher=http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/ |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref> that are 1.5cm long and 0.7cm in diameter.<ref name=british>British Iris Society (1997) {{Google books|pL6uPLo7l2gC|A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation|page=99}}</ref> It has fibrous secondary roots underneath the rhizome.<ref name=british/> It slowly forms dense clumps of plants.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/>


It has dull,<ref name=efloras/> or dark green leaves,<ref name=irisbotanique/> that are {{convert|13.5|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 0.2-0.9cm wide.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/> They are pointed at the apex (lanceolate-like),<ref name=british/><ref name=hessen>{{cite web |title=Iris cuniculiformis ACE 2224 |url= http://www.hessenhof.nl/al/i024.html |publisher=hessenhof.nl |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref> and have inconspicuous veins.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/>

It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between {{convert|14|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall.<ref name=british/><ref name=american>{{cite web |first=Alain |last=Franco |title=(SPEC) Iris cunuculiformis Noltie & Guan |date=4 December April 2013 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecCunuculiformis |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=daves>{{cite web |title=Species Iris, Iris cuniculiformis |url=http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/103564/#b |publisher=davesgarden.com |accessdate=17 July 2015}}</ref><!-- also <ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/>-->

The stem has 2 or more, [[spathes]] or [[bracts]] (leaves of the flower bud),<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/> they are {{convert|3|-|5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/>
The spathes are green, elliptic (in shape),<ref name=efloras/> and have a purple tinge at the base of the leaf.<ref name=british/>

The stems hold 1 terminal (top of stem) flower,<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/> blooming between May and July.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=hessen/> The flowers can survive for many days.<ref name=british/>

The flowers are {{convert|6|-|7|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=hessen/><!-- also <ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=american/>--> come in shades of lilac.<ref name=british/> Including pinkish violet,<ref name=efloras/><ref name=american/> mauve,<ref name=Silk> Basak Gardner & Chris Gardner {{Google books|08KbBQAAQBAJ|Flora of the Silk Road: The Chttp://www.cgf.net/plantdetails.aspx?id=1126omplete Illustrated Guide|page=319}}</ref> purple,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=daves/> lavender,<ref name=daves/> and blue-violet.<ref name=daves/><ref name=hessen/><ref name=cgf>{{cite web |title=Iris cuniculiformis |url= |publisher=cgf.net (Cotswold Garden Flowers) |accessdate=21 July 2015}}</ref> They are similar in colour to ''[[Iris sibirica]]''.<ref name=cgf/>

It (like other irises) has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]]), known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }}</ref> The falls are {{convert|4.25|-|5.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 1.9 - 2.3cm wide.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/> They have a yellow or grey beard, on a white signal patch.<ref name=british><ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/> On the edge of the petal, are purple or violet veins,<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/><ref name=irisbotanique/> mottling or spots.<ref name=efloras/><ref name=american/>
The standards are {{convert|3|-|4|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 1 - 1.2cm wide.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/> They are slightly paler than the falls.<ref name=british/><ref name=american/>

It has a {{convert|2.8|-|3.3|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 1.6cm wide style.<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/> Which is similar in colour to the petals, but has pale margins.<ref name=british/> It has a 1-2cm long [[perianth|perianth tube]], 1-1.4cm long cream anthers,<ref name=british/><ref name=efloras/> and cream coloured pollen.<ref name=british/>

After the iris has flowered, between June and August,<ref name=efloras/> it produces a seed capsule and seeds. Which have not been described.<ref name=british/>


===Biochemistry===
===Biochemistry===

Revision as of 16:03, 23 July 2015

Iris cuniculiformis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Subfamily:
Iridoideae
Tribe:
Irideae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Iris
Section:
Pseudoregelia
Species:
Iris cuniculiformis
Binomial name
Iris cuniculiformis
Synonyms

Iris goniocarpa var. grossa Y.T.Zhao [1]

Iris cuniculiformis is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Pseudoregelia section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China, it has long and thin green leaves, and 1 lilac (or similar shade) large flowers, that have yellow or grey beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Description

It has very short upright rhizomes,[2][3] that are 1.5cm long and 0.7cm in diameter.[4] It has fibrous secondary roots underneath the rhizome.[4] It slowly forms dense clumps of plants.[4][2][3]

It has dull,[2] or dark green leaves,[3] that are 13.5–30 cm (5–12 in) long and 0.2-0.9cm wide.[4][2] They are pointed at the apex (lanceolate-like),[4][5] and have inconspicuous veins.[4][2]

It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between 14–30 cm (6–12 in) tall.[4][6][7]

The stem has 2 or more, spathes or bracts (leaves of the flower bud),[4][2] they are 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long.[4][2] The spathes are green, elliptic (in shape),[2] and have a purple tinge at the base of the leaf.[4]

The stems hold 1 terminal (top of stem) flower,[4][2][3] blooming between May and July.[2][3][5] The flowers can survive for many days.[4]

The flowers are 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in diameter,[4][2][5] come in shades of lilac.[4] Including pinkish violet,[2][6] mauve,[8] purple,[3][7] lavender,[7] and blue-violet.[7][5][9] They are similar in colour to Iris sibirica.[9]

It (like other irises) has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[10] The falls are 4.25–5.5 cm (2–2 in) long and 1.9 - 2.3cm wide.[4][2] They have a yellow or grey beard, on a white signal patch.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).[11]

In 2011, a study was carried out on various irises found in China. Including Iris tigridia,Iris bloudowii and Iris cuniculiformis.[12]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[10] It has a chromosome count: 2n=22, the same as Iris dolichosiphon (another Pseudoregelia iris).[13][12] It has also been noted as 2n = 26.[3]

Taxonomy

It is pronounced as (Iris) EYE-ris (cuniculiformis) kun-e-ku-lee-for-miss.[7][14]

It is written as 大锐果鸢尾 in chinese script and known as da rui guo yuan wei in Pidgin.[2] It is translated as large sharp fruit kite Tail.[12]

The Latin specific epithet cuniculiformis refers to being shaped like a small rabbit. From two latin terms, 'cuniculus' - little rabbit and 'formis' - form or shape. [15] The standards of the flowers are similar in form to rabbits ears. Hence the name.[4]

A herbarium specimen exists in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh collection. It was found on 12 June 1993, collected by Mr Kunming, (from Edinburgh) on a ridge of a forest in Diqing Prefecture of Zhongdian County, China. At an altitude of 3600m above sea level.[16]

It was first published and described by John Henry Noltie and Kai Yun Guan in 'New Plantsman' Vol.2 Issue3 page131 in 1995.[6][17][18]

It was thought at one time to be a hybrid or synonym of Iris bulleyana,[5] or a synonym of Iris goniocarpa (another 'Pseudoregelia iris').[3]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 2 December 2004.[18]

Iris cuniculiformis is an accepted name by the RHS.[19]

It is listed in Encyclopedia of Life.[20]

Distribution and habitat

Iris cuniculiformis is native to temperate areas of Asia.[18]

Range

It is found in China,[16] in the provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.[18][17][20] Including, found on Hong Shan mountain.[8]

Habitat

It grows in the mountains, in open spaces,[3] in grassy plateaus,[4][2][8] and in shrubberies.[8]

It is often found in the same places as Iris bulleyana.[4]

They can be found at an altitude of 3,000–4,000 m (9,800–13,100 ft) above sea level.[3][2]

Cultivation

It is hardy to between USDA Zone 8 (-12.2 °C (10 °F)) and Zone 11 (above 4.5 °C (40 °F)).[7][14] Also RHS rating of H4.[9] In Australia between Zones 2 to 5.[14]

It can be grown in loamy soil which is enriched with compost.[4] It can tolerate mildly acidic (6.1 to 6.5) to mildly alkaline (7.6 to 7.8) ph level soils.[7]

It prefers to grow in full sun,[7] or partial shade.[5][4] It will bloom better, if it receives six or more hours of direct sunlight every day.[14]

It has average (garden plant) water needs.[7]

It may suit a position in the front of a flower border.[14]

It was only recently (around the 90s), introduced to Britain.[4]

Propagation

It can be propagated by division or by seed growing.[7]

Seeds are collected from the pods after flowering. Seeds are then sown in containers in a cold frame in autumn.[7]

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[7]

References

  1. ^ "Iris cuniculiformis Noltie & K.Y.Guan is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 5 (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "FOC Vol. 24 Page 311". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 17 July 2015. Cite error: The named reference "efloras" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Chapter I (Part 7) Pseudoregelia" (in French). http://irisbotanique.over-blog.com/. Retrieved 17 July 2015. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); External link in |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation, p. 99, at Google Books
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Iris cuniculiformis ACE 2224". hessenhof.nl. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  6. ^ a b c Franco, Alain (4 December April 2013). "(SPEC) Iris cunuculiformis Noltie & Guan". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 17 July 2015. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Species Iris, Iris cuniculiformis". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  8. ^ a b c d Basak Gardner & Chris Gardner Iris cuniculiformis, p. 319, at Google Books
  9. ^ a b c "Iris cuniculiformis". cgf.net (Cotswold Garden Flowers). {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  10. ^ a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN 0881927309.
  11. ^ Shen, Yun-Guang; Wang, Zhong-Lang; Guan, Kai-Yun (2007). "Karyotypes of thirteen species of Iris L. from China". Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica. 45 (5): 601–618. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  12. ^ a b c Xiaoying, Bi; Chih, Zhao Wei; Yang, Zheng; Dongsheng, Li (2011). "Orris root crude Chromosome technology and karyotyping" (PDF). Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 27 (13): 157–160. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference karyotype was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ a b c d e "Iris cuniculiformis". gardenaway.com. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  15. ^ "Botanary". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  16. ^ a b "Holotype of Iris cuniculiformis Noltie & K.Y.Guan [family IRIDACEAE]". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  17. ^ a b "Iris". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). p. 143. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  18. ^ a b c d "Taxon: Iris cuniculiformis Noltie & K. Y. Guan". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  19. ^ "Iris cuniculiformis". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  20. ^ a b "Iris cuniculiformis". eol.org. Retrieved 18 July 2015.

Other sources

  • Wu Zheng-yi and P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994–. Flora of China (English edition).

Media related to Iris cuniculiformis at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Iris cuniculiformis at Wikispecies

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