Jengki style: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Woningen van de staf van BPM.jpg|thumb|Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij staff's housing in Kebayoran Baru.]] |
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During the 1950s, a distinctive architecture characterized with slanted beams and steep unusual roofs appeared in Indonesia. The unique style was quickly known by local Indonesians at that time as ''jengki style''. Johan Silas, a native architect, speculates that this distinctive architecture is an expression of the political spirit of freedom among the Indonesians, which translated into an architecture that differs from what the Dutch had done.<ref name="interview">Interview between the author Josef Prijotomo and Johan Silas, a native Indonesian architect</ref> |
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The first appearance of Jengki style was related with the development of new satellite town [[Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta|Kebayoran Baru]].<ref name="jakartametamorfose-98">{{cite book |last1=de Vletter |first1=M.E. |last2=Voskuil |first2=R.P.G.A. |last3=van Diessen |first3=J.R. |first4=E.A. |date=1999 |title=Batavia/Djakarta/Jakarta - Beeld van een Stad |url= |location=Purmerend |publisher=Asia Maior |page=98 |isbn=9074861091 |access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref> Construction of the area was finished in 1955.<ref>[http://www.kompas.com/kompas-cetak/0607/29/metro/2714760.htm Kebayoran Baru, Riwayatmu Dulu], ''Kompas 29 Juli 2006''.</ref> Design for most buildings in Kebayoran Baru are [[Functionalism (architecture)|functional]], making use of reinforced concrete and taking into consideration the principle of tropical design - to gain optimal natural light while letting most of the heat out without the use electricity. For the housings, the so-called ''Yankee-type'' or ''Jengki style'' houses often used this principle. For example, middle class houses has square or rectangular layout, but the first floor is tilted forward to protect the facade of the lower level from the sun. Lower-level officials make use of patio in front of the house. Larger villas make use of architects such as Job & Sprey and [[Liem Bwan Tjie]].<ref name="jakartametamorfose-98"/> |
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These distinctive forms were for the most part designed by construction companies or architecture students of Bandung Institute of Technology, where a Department of Architecture was established in 1951.<ref name=r1/>. Initially established under Dutch professors, they had to [[Indo_people#Immigration_from_the_Dutch_East_Indies_.281945-1965.29|leave]] in the mid 1950s during the second wave of [[repatriation]] due to political turmoil in newly independent Indonesia. For a short period some German professors managed the department, but by the end of the 1950s it was took over by Americans and Indonesian graduates from American universities. Consequently, the architecture graduates of ITB are most influenced by American architecture. Among those graduates are the late Djelantik, Harjono Sigit, Johan Silas and Harry Winarno Kwari. The style reflected the novel influence of the [[United States]] on Indonesian architecture after hundreds years of the [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch colonial rule]]. This influence was possibly brought through American teachers working at the Department of Architecture at [[Bandung Institute of Technology]] in the mid-1950s, and the name 'Jengki' itself is thought to derive from the [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] phonetic pronunciation and spelling of the word 'Yankee' - the American armed forces.<ref name=globe/><ref name=r1/> |
The style was further developed in the 1950s, making use of the distinctive slanted beams and steep unusual roofs appeared in Indonesia. Johan Silas, a native architect, speculates that this distinctive architecture is an expression of the political spirit of freedom among the Indonesians, which translated into an architecture that differs from what the Dutch had done.<ref name=r1/> These distinctive forms were for the most part designed by construction companies or architecture students of Bandung Institute of Technology, where a Department of Architecture was established in 1951.<ref name=r1/>. Initially established under Dutch professors, they had to [[Indo_people#Immigration_from_the_Dutch_East_Indies_.281945-1965.29|leave]] in the mid 1950s during the second wave of [[repatriation]] due to political turmoil in newly independent Indonesia. For a short period some German professors managed the department, but by the end of the 1950s it was took over by Americans and Indonesian graduates from American universities. Consequently, the architecture graduates of ITB are most influenced by American architecture. Among those graduates are the late Djelantik, Harjono Sigit, Johan Silas and Harry Winarno Kwari. The style reflected the novel influence of the [[United States]] on Indonesian architecture after hundreds years of the [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch colonial rule]]. This influence was possibly brought through American teachers working at the Department of Architecture at [[Bandung Institute of Technology]] in the mid-1950s, and the name 'Jengki' itself is thought to derive from the [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] phonetic pronunciation and spelling of the word 'Yankee' - the American armed forces.<ref name=globe/><ref name=r1/> |
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==Characteristic== |
==Characteristic== |
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Revision as of 06:08, 1 July 2015
Jengki was an eccentric architectural style developed in Indonesia in the 1950s following its independence.[1][2] This characteristic are not found elsewhere in the Western world, and therefore a unique style.
History
The first appearance of Jengki style was related with the development of new satellite town Kebayoran Baru.[3] Construction of the area was finished in 1955.[4] Design for most buildings in Kebayoran Baru are functional, making use of reinforced concrete and taking into consideration the principle of tropical design - to gain optimal natural light while letting most of the heat out without the use electricity. For the housings, the so-called Yankee-type or Jengki style houses often used this principle. For example, middle class houses has square or rectangular layout, but the first floor is tilted forward to protect the facade of the lower level from the sun. Lower-level officials make use of patio in front of the house. Larger villas make use of architects such as Job & Sprey and Liem Bwan Tjie.[3]
The style was further developed in the 1950s, making use of the distinctive slanted beams and steep unusual roofs appeared in Indonesia. Johan Silas, a native architect, speculates that this distinctive architecture is an expression of the political spirit of freedom among the Indonesians, which translated into an architecture that differs from what the Dutch had done.[2] These distinctive forms were for the most part designed by construction companies or architecture students of Bandung Institute of Technology, where a Department of Architecture was established in 1951.[2]. Initially established under Dutch professors, they had to leave in the mid 1950s during the second wave of repatriation due to political turmoil in newly independent Indonesia. For a short period some German professors managed the department, but by the end of the 1950s it was took over by Americans and Indonesian graduates from American universities. Consequently, the architecture graduates of ITB are most influenced by American architecture. Among those graduates are the late Djelantik, Harjono Sigit, Johan Silas and Harry Winarno Kwari. The style reflected the novel influence of the United States on Indonesian architecture after hundreds years of the Dutch colonial rule. This influence was possibly brought through American teachers working at the Department of Architecture at Bandung Institute of Technology in the mid-1950s, and the name 'Jengki' itself is thought to derive from the Indonesian phonetic pronunciation and spelling of the word 'Yankee' - the American armed forces.[1][2]
Characteristic
In this new style, the modernist strict cubic geometric forms that the Dutch had used before World War II were transformed into more unusual shapes, such as pentagons. Asymmetrical roofs and facades, playful cut-out doors and windows, and oddly tilted roofs and eaves were imbued with a spirit of cheerfulness and freedom. The surface and composition were festive – characteristics that were not commonly found elsewhere in Europe and America at the time. They were associated with an expression of the political spirit of freedom among the Indonesians. Frances Affandi, the executive director of the Bandung Heritage Society, says that the structures are "... charming and noteworthy, but underresearched, underdocumented and underappreciated.”[1][2]
Examples
Many Jengki style buildings have been demolished but examples remain across Indonesia, particularly in the capital Jakarta, and in the Javan cities of Bandung, Yogyakarta, Solo and Semarang, as well as outside Java – in Biak, Makassar and Balikpapan. Examples of the buildings in Bandung include the Gedung PDAM (Regional Water Utility Company Building), Gedung BPI (Scientific Research Institute Building) and the Gedung Politeknik Kesehatan (Health and Polytechnic Building).[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Armando Siahaan, Jengki Homes for a Free Indonesia, The Jakarta Globe, October 26, 2009
- ^ a b c d e Josef Prijotomo; Johannes Adiyanto (2004). Arsitektur Nusantara: menuju keniscayaan (PDF) (in Indonesian). Wastu Lanas Grafika. p. 175. ISBN 9789793743042 (PDF). Retrieved 1 July 2015.
{{cite book}}:|archive-url=requires|archive-date=(help) - ^ a b de Vletter, M.E.; Voskuil, R.P.G.A.; van Diessen, J.R. (1999). Batavia/Djakarta/Jakarta - Beeld van een Stad. Purmerend: Asia Maior. p. 98. ISBN 9074861091.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help);|first4=missing|last4=(help) - ^ Kebayoran Baru, Riwayatmu Dulu, Kompas 29 Juli 2006.
External links
- The Jengki Style (Book preview on blurb.com)