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A former [[college football]] player, Jenner came to international attention as a [[Decathlon|decathlete]], winning the gold medal in the [[Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon|men's decathlon event]] at the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] in [[Montreal]], and setting a world record not beaten until 1980. Jenner subsequently starred in numerous movies and television specials including several made-for-TV movies, and was briefly [[Erik Estrada]]'s replacement on the TV series ''[[CHiPs]]''.
A former [[college football]] player, Jenner came to international attention as a [[Decathlon|decathlete]], winning the gold medal in the [[Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon|men's decathlon event]] at the [[1976 Summer Olympics]] in [[Montreal]], and setting a world record not beaten until 1980. Jenner subsequently starred in numerous movies and television specials including several made-for-TV movies, and was briefly [[Erik Estrada]]'s replacement on the TV series ''[[CHiPs]]''.


Jenner was married for 23 years to [[Kris Jenner]] (née Houghton; formerly Kardashian); the couple and their children appeared beginning in 2007 on the television [[reality television|reality series]] ''[[Keeping Up with the Kardashians]]''. Following their divorce in 2015, Jenner [[came out]] in a television interview as a [[trans woman]], initially preferring male pronouns until her [[Transitioning (transgender)|transition]] was more complete.<ref name="trans">{{cite web|last1=Slonik|first1=Daniel|title=Bruce Jenner Says He Identifies as a Woman|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/25/business/media/bruce-jenner-says-he-identifies-as-a-woman.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 24, 2015|quote="For the purpose of the interview, Mr. Jenner said he preferred the pronoun "he," and Ms. Sawyer called him Bruce."}}</ref> In June 2015, Jenner revealed her new name, Caitlyn, and the change to using female pronouns;<ref name="auto">{{cite web|last=Leibovitz|first=Annie|title=Introducing Caitlyn Jenner|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/06/caitlyn-jenner-bruce-cover-annie-leibovitz/|work=Vanity Fair|date=June 1, 2015|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref> many news sources have described her as the most famous openly [[transgender]] person in the world.<ref>{{cite news|last=Milliken|first=Mary|title=Olympian Bruce Jenner makes transgender history by identifying as a woman|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/25/us-people-brucejenner-interview-idUSKBN0NG02P20150425|publisher= [[Reuters]] |date=April 25, 2015|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bruce Jenner on living as a woman|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-32460974|publisher= [[BBC News]] |date=April 25, 2015|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ford|first=Matt|title=Bruce Jenner, Transgender American|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/04/bruce-jenner-interview/391472/|work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 25, 2015|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref>
Jenner was married for 23 years to [[Kris Jenner]] (née Houghton; formerly Kardashian); the couple and their children appeared beginning in 2007 on the television [[reality television|reality series]] ''[[Keeping Up with the Kardashians]]''. Following their divorce in 2015, Jenner [[came out]] in a television interview as a [[trans woman]], initially preferring male pronouns until her [[Transitioning (transgender)|transition]] was more complete.<ref name="trans">{{cite news|last1=Slonik|first1=Daniel|title=Bruce Jenner Says He Identifies as a Woman|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/25/business/media/bruce-jenner-says-he-identifies-as-a-woman.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 24, 2015|quote="For the purpose of the interview, Mr. Jenner said he preferred the pronoun "he," and Ms. Sawyer called him Bruce."}}</ref> In June 2015, Jenner revealed her new name, Caitlyn, and the change to using female pronouns;<ref name="auto">{{cite web|last=Leibovitz|first=Annie|title=Introducing Caitlyn Jenner|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/06/caitlyn-jenner-bruce-cover-annie-leibovitz/|work=Vanity Fair|date=June 1, 2015|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref> many news sources have described her as the most famous openly [[transgender]] person in the world.<ref>{{cite news|last=Milliken|first=Mary|title=Olympian Bruce Jenner makes transgender history by identifying as a woman|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/04/25/us-people-brucejenner-interview-idUSKBN0NG02P20150425|publisher= Reuters |date=April 25, 2015|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bruce Jenner on living as a woman|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-32460974|publisher= BBC News |date=April 25, 2015|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ford|first=Matt|title=Bruce Jenner, Transgender American|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/04/bruce-jenner-interview/391472/|work=[[The Atlantic]] |date=April 25, 2015|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Caitlyn Jenner was born '''William Bruce Jenner''' on October 28, 1949, in [[Mount Kisco, New York]],<ref>Stelter, Brian; Pallotta, Frank (April 25, 2015). [http://www.wcvb.com/money/bruce-jenner-interview-anticipation-builds/32555972 "Jenner: 'Yes, for all intents and purposes, I'm a woman'"]. [[WCVB-TV]].</ref> the child of Esther R. (''née'' McGuire) and William Hugh Jenner, a [[tree surgeon]].<ref>[http://www.geni.com/people/Bruce-Jenner/6000000032584717018 "William Bruce Jenner"]. Geni. Retrieved April 25, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Crownover|first=Ernest Elder|title=Matt and Daisy Dell Kuykendall Crownover: Their Ancestry and Posterity|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hC9GAAAAMAAJ&q=Esther+MCGUIRE+William+JENNER&dq=Esther+MCGUIRE+William+JENNER|year=1986|publisher=E.E. Crownover|location=Santa Rosa, California|page=39}}</ref> Jenner has two sisters, Lisa and Pam,<ref name="mominterview">{{cite web|last=Daniel|first=Hugo|title=Bruce Jenner's mother on why she is not a fan of her son's new effeminate look... as she lets rip at his 'controlling monster' ex Kris in no-holds-barred interview|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2830520/Bruce-Jenner-s-mother-not-fan-son-s-new-effeminate-look-lets-rip-controlling-monster-ex-Kris-no-holds-barred-interview.html/|work=[[Daily Mail]]|date=November 11, 2014|accessdate=April 30, 2015}}</ref> while her younger brother, Burt, was killed in a car accident in [[Canton, Connecticut]], shortly after Jenner's success at the Olympics.<ref name=People>{{cite journal|last1=Faber|first1=Nancy|title=Fame Woes|journal=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=April 11, 1977|volume=7|issue=14|pages=24–27|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20067617,00.html|accessdate=July 13, 2014}}</ref>
Caitlyn Jenner was born '''William Bruce Jenner''' on October 28, 1949, in [[Mount Kisco, New York]],<ref>Stelter, Brian; Pallotta, Frank (April 25, 2015). [http://www.wcvb.com/money/bruce-jenner-interview-anticipation-builds/32555972 "Jenner: 'Yes, for all intents and purposes, I'm a woman'"]{{dead link|date=June 2015}}. [[WCVB-TV]].</ref> the child of Esther R. (''née'' McGuire) and William Hugh Jenner, a [[tree surgeon]].<ref>[http://www.geni.com/people/Bruce-Jenner/6000000032584717018 "William Bruce Jenner"]. Geni. Retrieved April 25, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Crownover|first=Ernest Elder|title=Matt and Daisy Dell Kuykendall Crownover: Their Ancestry and Posterity|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=hC9GAAAAMAAJ&q=Esther+MCGUIRE+William+JENNER&dq=Esther+MCGUIRE+William+JENNER|year=1986|publisher=E.E. Crownover|location=Santa Rosa, California|page=39}}</ref> Jenner has two sisters, Lisa and Pam,<ref name="mominterview">{{cite web|last=Daniel|first=Hugo|title=Bruce Jenner's mother on why she is not a fan of her son's new effeminate look... as she lets rip at his 'controlling monster' ex Kris in no-holds-barred interview|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2830520/Bruce-Jenner-s-mother-not-fan-son-s-new-effeminate-look-lets-rip-controlling-monster-ex-Kris-no-holds-barred-interview.html/|work=[[Daily Mail]]|date=November 11, 2014|accessdate=April 30, 2015}}</ref> while her younger brother, Burt, was killed in a car accident in [[Canton, Connecticut]], shortly after Jenner's success at the Olympics.<ref name=People>{{cite journal|last1=Faber|first1=Nancy|title=Fame Woes|journal=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=April 11, 1977|volume=7|issue=14|pages=24–27|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20067617,00.html|accessdate=July 13, 2014}}</ref>


As a young child, Jenner was diagnosed with [[dyslexia]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cooper|first1=Chet|title=Gold Medallist Bruce Jenner interviewed by Chet Cooper|url=http://abilitymagazine.com/jenner_interview.html|accessdate=July 13, 2014|work=[[Ability (magazine)|Ability]]}}</ref> She attended [[Sleepy Hollow, New York|Sleepy Hollow High School]] in Sleepy Hollow, New York, during her freshman and sophomore years<ref>Lucas, Lisa; Adams Otis, Ginger; McShane, Larry (April 18, 2015). [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/bruce-jenner-coaches-friends-recall-teen-years-article-1.2190424 "Bruce Jenner's coaches, school pals recall athlete's early challenges, successes ahead of Diane Sawyer interview"]. ''[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]'' (New York).</ref><ref>Croke, Karen (April 24, 2015). [http://www.lohud.com/story/news/local/2015/04/23/bruce-jenner-tarrytown-diane-sawyer-interview/26263695/ "Will Bruce Jenner return to Tarrytown?"]. ''[[The Journal News]]''.</ref> and [[Newtown High School (Connecticut)|Newtown High School in Newtown, Connecticut]], during her junior and senior years, graduating in 1968.<ref>Davis, Stacy (March 22, 2011). [http://www.newstimes.com/local/article/Jenner-s-name-taken-off-football-field-1252477.php "Jenner's name taken off football field"]. ''[[The News-Times]]''.</ref> Jenner earned a [[American football|football]] scholarship and attended Graceland College (now [[Graceland University]]) in [[Lamoni, Iowa]], but was forced to stop playing football and switch to the [[decathlon]] due to a [[knee injury]].<ref name="HolstPopp2004">{{cite book|last1=Holst|first1=Don|last2=Popp|first2=Marcia S.|title=American Men of Olympic Track and Field: Interviews with Athletes and Coaches|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PpYa5LvgePQC&pg=PA53|accessdate=July 13, 2014|date=December 8, 2004|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn=978-0-7864-1930-2|pages=53–62}}</ref> Graceland's track coach and Jenner's mentor, [[L. D. Weldon]], was the first to recognize Jenner's potential and encouraged the youngster to pursue the decathlon.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jenner|first=Bruce|title=Finding the Champion Within: A Step-by-Step Plan for Reaching Your Full Potential|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lThIZ8y9KSUC&pg=PA45|accessdate=July 13, 2014|date=April 1, 1999|publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|isbn=978-0-684-87037-3|page=45}}</ref> Jenner debuted in the decathlon at the [[Drake Relays]] in [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] in 1970, placing fifth.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Murry R. Nelson|title=American Sports: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tfTXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA611|accessdate=July 13, 2014|date=May 23, 2013|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-0-313-39753-0|page=611}}</ref> Jenner graduated from Graceland College in 1973 with a degree in [[physical education]].<ref name="Jenner true to word, wins Olympic gold">{{cite web|last1=Sielski|first1=Mike|title=Jenner true to word, wins Olympic gold|url=http://espn.go.com/classic/s/add_jenner_bruce.html|publisher=ESPN Classic|accessdate=March 1, 2015|date=November 19, 2003}}</ref>
As a young child, Jenner was diagnosed with [[dyslexia]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cooper|first1=Chet|title=Gold Medallist Bruce Jenner interviewed by Chet Cooper|url=http://abilitymagazine.com/jenner_interview.html|accessdate=July 13, 2014|work=[[Ability (magazine)|Ability]]}}</ref> She attended [[Sleepy Hollow, New York|Sleepy Hollow High School]] in Sleepy Hollow, New York, during her freshman and sophomore years<ref>Lucas, Lisa; Adams Otis, Ginger; McShane, Larry (April 18, 2015). [http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/bruce-jenner-coaches-friends-recall-teen-years-article-1.2190424 "Bruce Jenner's coaches, school pals recall athlete's early challenges, successes ahead of Diane Sawyer interview"]. ''[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]'' (New York).</ref><ref>Croke, Karen (April 24, 2015). [http://www.lohud.com/story/news/local/2015/04/23/bruce-jenner-tarrytown-diane-sawyer-interview/26263695/ "Will Bruce Jenner return to Tarrytown?"]. ''[[The Journal News]]''.</ref> and [[Newtown High School (Connecticut)|Newtown High School in Newtown, Connecticut]], during her junior and senior years, graduating in 1968.<ref>Davis, Stacy (March 22, 2011). [http://www.newstimes.com/local/article/Jenner-s-name-taken-off-football-field-1252477.php "Jenner's name taken off football field"]. ''[[The News-Times]]''.</ref> Jenner earned a [[American football|football]] scholarship and attended Graceland College (now [[Graceland University]]) in [[Lamoni, Iowa]], but was forced to stop playing football and switch to the [[decathlon]] due to a [[knee injury]].<ref name="HolstPopp2004">{{cite book|last1=Holst|first1=Don|last2=Popp|first2=Marcia S.|title=American Men of Olympic Track and Field: Interviews with Athletes and Coaches|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PpYa5LvgePQC&pg=PA53|accessdate=July 13, 2014|date=December 8, 2004|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn=978-0-7864-1930-2|pages=53–62}}</ref> Graceland's track coach and Jenner's mentor, [[L. D. Weldon]], was the first to recognize Jenner's potential and encouraged the youngster to pursue the decathlon.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jenner|first=Bruce|title=Finding the Champion Within: A Step-by-Step Plan for Reaching Your Full Potential|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lThIZ8y9KSUC&pg=PA45|accessdate=July 13, 2014|date=April 1, 1999|publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|isbn=978-0-684-87037-3|page=45}}</ref> Jenner debuted in the decathlon at the [[Drake Relays]] in [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] in 1970, placing fifth.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Murry R. Nelson|title=American Sports: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tfTXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA611|accessdate=July 13, 2014|date=May 23, 2013|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|isbn=978-0-313-39753-0|page=611}}</ref> Jenner graduated from Graceland College in 1973 with a degree in [[physical education]].<ref name="Jenner true to word, wins Olympic gold">{{cite web|last1=Sielski|first1=Mike|title=Jenner true to word, wins Olympic gold|url=http://espn.go.com/classic/s/add_jenner_bruce.html|publisher=ESPN Classic|accessdate=March 1, 2015|date=November 19, 2003}}</ref>
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Jenner's third marriage, to [[Kris Kardashian]] (née Houghton), occurred on April 21, 1991, after five months of dating.<ref>{{cite news|author=|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iQQhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qXUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1187,4802006&dq=bruce+jenner&hl=en|title=Jenner-Kardashian|newspaper=[[The Day (New London)|The Day]]|location=[[New London, Connecticut]]|page=A2|date=April 23, 1991|accessdate=April 25, 2015}}</ref> They have two daughters, Kendall and Kylie. As Bruce, Jenner was also the step-parent to Kris's four children from her previous marriage to the late lawyer Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé and Rob. The couple announced their separation in October 2013,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baker|first1=Ken|last2=Finn|first2=Natalie|title=Kris Jenner and Bruce Jenner Are Separated, "Much Happier" Living Apart|url=http://ca.eonline.com/news/468068/kris-jenner-and-bruce-jenner-are-separated-much-happier-living-apart|accessdate=October 8, 2013|date=October 8, 2013|publisher=[[E! Online]]}}</ref> though they had actually separated a year earlier.<ref>{{cite news|last=Takeda|first=Allison|title=Kris Jenner, Bruce Jenner Separate After 22 Years of Marriage: "I Will Always Love Him"|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/kris-jenner-bruce-jenner-separate-after-22-years-of-marriage-i-will-always-love-him-2013810|accessdate=October 8, 2013|date=October 8, 2013|work=Us Weekly}}</ref> Kris filed for divorce in September 2014, citing [[irreconcilable differences]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Finn|first=Natalie|title=Kris Jenner Files for Divorce From Bruce Jenner 11 Months After Revealing Separation|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/581663/kris-jenner-files-for-divorce-from-bruce-jenner-11-months-after-revealing-separation|accessdate=September 22, 2014|date=September 22, 2014|publisher=E! Online}}</ref> Their divorce terms were finalized in December 2014 and went into effect on March 23, 2015, due to a six-month state legal requirement.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eonline.com/shows/kardashians/news/607756/kris-jenner-and-bruce-jenner-s-divorce-finalized | title=Kris Jenner and Bruce Jenner's Divorce Finalized| first= Francesca| last=Bacardi| date=December 18, 2014 | publisher= E! Online| accessdate= January 29, 2015}}</ref>
Jenner's third marriage, to [[Kris Kardashian]] (née Houghton), occurred on April 21, 1991, after five months of dating.<ref>{{cite news|author=|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iQQhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qXUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1187,4802006&dq=bruce+jenner&hl=en|title=Jenner-Kardashian|newspaper=[[The Day (New London)|The Day]]|location=[[New London, Connecticut]]|page=A2|date=April 23, 1991|accessdate=April 25, 2015}}</ref> They have two daughters, Kendall and Kylie. As Bruce, Jenner was also the step-parent to Kris's four children from her previous marriage to the late lawyer Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé and Rob. The couple announced their separation in October 2013,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baker|first1=Ken|last2=Finn|first2=Natalie|title=Kris Jenner and Bruce Jenner Are Separated, "Much Happier" Living Apart|url=http://ca.eonline.com/news/468068/kris-jenner-and-bruce-jenner-are-separated-much-happier-living-apart|accessdate=October 8, 2013|date=October 8, 2013|publisher=[[E! Online]]}}</ref> though they had actually separated a year earlier.<ref>{{cite news|last=Takeda|first=Allison|title=Kris Jenner, Bruce Jenner Separate After 22 Years of Marriage: "I Will Always Love Him"|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/kris-jenner-bruce-jenner-separate-after-22-years-of-marriage-i-will-always-love-him-2013810|accessdate=October 8, 2013|date=October 8, 2013|work=Us Weekly}}</ref> Kris filed for divorce in September 2014, citing [[irreconcilable differences]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Finn|first=Natalie|title=Kris Jenner Files for Divorce From Bruce Jenner 11 Months After Revealing Separation|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/581663/kris-jenner-files-for-divorce-from-bruce-jenner-11-months-after-revealing-separation|accessdate=September 22, 2014|date=September 22, 2014|publisher=E! Online}}</ref> Their divorce terms were finalized in December 2014 and went into effect on March 23, 2015, due to a six-month state legal requirement.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.eonline.com/shows/kardashians/news/607756/kris-jenner-and-bruce-jenner-s-divorce-finalized | title=Kris Jenner and Bruce Jenner's Divorce Finalized| first= Francesca| last=Bacardi| date=December 18, 2014 | publisher= E! Online| accessdate= January 29, 2015}}</ref>


In February 2015, Jenner was involved in a [[multiple-vehicle collision]] on the [[California State Route 1|Pacific Coast Highway]] in [[Malibu, California]]. The accident caused one death and 8 injuries, but Jenner was able to walk away from the accident.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/bruce-jenner-survives-deadly-car-crash-malibu-article-1.2106864 | title=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/bruce-jenner-survives-deadly-car-crash-malibu-article-1.2106864 |first1= Larry |last1=McShane |title=Bruce Jenner blames paparazzi for deadly three-car pileup on Pacific Coast Highway |date=February 7, 2015|newspaper=Daily News|location=New York|accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-Olympian Bruce Jenner in car crash that killed another, police say |date=February 7, 2015 |location=Los Angeles |publisher=[[Reuters]] |first1=Alex |last1=Dobuzinskis |first2=Dan, Editor |last2=Grebler |first3=Christian, Editor |last3=Plumb |url=https://celebrity.yahoo.com/news/ex-olympian-bruce-jenner-car-crash-killed-other-221255659--spt.html |accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.people.com/article/bruce-jenner-car-crash-malibu |journal=People|title=Bruce Jenner Involved in Fatal Car Crash in Malibu |first1=Maria Mercedes |last1=Lara |date=February 7, 2015 |accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref> The stepchildren of the deceased filed a [[Wrongful death claim|wrongful death lawsuit]] against Jenner in relation to the incident.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rothman|first1=Michael|last2=Vojtech|first2=Jim|title=Bruce Jenner Served With Wrongful Death Lawsuit for Malibu Crash|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/bruce-jenner-served-wrongful-death-lawsuit-malibu-crash/story?id=30742393|publisher=[[ABC News]]|date=May 1, 2015|accessdate=May 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hetter|first1=Katia|last2=Almasy|first2=Steve|last3=Yan|first3=Holly|title=Bruce Jenner sued over fatal car accident|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/01/entertainment/feat-bruce-jenner-car-accident-lawsuit/|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=May 2, 2015|accessdate=May 2, 2015}}</ref>
In February 2015, Jenner was involved in a [[multiple-vehicle collision]] on the [[California State Route 1|Pacific Coast Highway]] in [[Malibu, California]]. The accident caused one death and 8 injuries, but Jenner was able to walk away from the accident.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/bruce-jenner-survives-deadly-car-crash-malibu-article-1.2106864 | title=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/bruce-jenner-survives-deadly-car-crash-malibu-article-1.2106864 |first1= Larry |last1=McShane |title=Bruce Jenner blames paparazzi for deadly three-car pileup on Pacific Coast Highway |date=February 7, 2015|newspaper=Daily News|location=New York|accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-Olympian Bruce Jenner in car crash that killed another, police say |date=February 7, 2015 |location=Los Angeles |publisher=Reuters |first1=Alex |last1=Dobuzinskis |first2=Dan, Editor |last2=Grebler |first3=Christian, Editor |last3=Plumb |url=https://celebrity.yahoo.com/news/ex-olympian-bruce-jenner-car-crash-killed-other-221255659--spt.html |accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.people.com/article/bruce-jenner-car-crash-malibu |journal=People|title=Bruce Jenner Involved in Fatal Car Crash in Malibu |first1=Maria Mercedes |last1=Lara |date=February 7, 2015 |accessdate=February 7, 2015}}</ref> The stepchildren of the deceased filed a [[Wrongful death claim|wrongful death lawsuit]] against Jenner in relation to the incident.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rothman|first1=Michael|last2=Vojtech|first2=Jim|title=Bruce Jenner Served With Wrongful Death Lawsuit for Malibu Crash|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/bruce-jenner-served-wrongful-death-lawsuit-malibu-crash/story?id=30742393|publisher=[[ABC News]]|date=May 1, 2015|accessdate=May 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hetter|first1=Katia|last2=Almasy|first2=Steve|last3=Yan|first3=Holly|title=Bruce Jenner sued over fatal car accident|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/01/entertainment/feat-bruce-jenner-car-accident-lawsuit/|publisher=CNN|date=May 2, 2015|accessdate=May 2, 2015}}</ref>


===Gender transition===
===Gender transition===
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Jenner's announcement came at an unprecedented time for trans visibility, including legislative initiatives.<ref name=Griggs>{{cite web|last1=Griggs|first1=Brandon|title=America's transgender moment|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/23/living/transgender-moment-jenner-feat/index.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Helmore>{{cite web|last1=Helmore|first1=Edward|title=Bruce Jenner throws focus on America's 'new civil rights frontier'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/apr/25/bruce-jenner-kardashians-transgender-interview-civil-rights|work=The Guardian|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref> The ''20/20'' interview had 20.7 million viewers, making it television's "highest-ever rated newsmagazine telecast among adults 18–49 and adults 25–54."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Berman|first1=Marc|title=Bruce Jenner ’20/20′ Interview Rises to Over 20-Million Viewers|url=http://www.tvmediainsights.com/tv-ratings/bruce-jenner-2020-interview-rises-20-million-viewers/|publisher=TV Media Insights|accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref> ''[[The Daily Beast]]'' noted that, possibly because of Jenner's "honesty, his vulnerability, or his fame", she may have made "cheap jokes" about trans people—some examples of which aired during the show as part of the interview's educating the public on transphobia—"seem mean to a mainstream audience on an unprecedented scale."<ref name=Allen>{{cite web|last1=Allen|first1=Samantha|title=How To Tell A Bruce Jenner Joke: Late Night’s Subtle Transition|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/04/28/how-to-tell-a-bruce-jenner-joke-late-night-s-subtle-transition.html|publisher=The Daily Beast|accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref> Using examples of how comedians had changed in their talking about Jenner's transition, ''The Daily Beast'' saw the change as the same evolution that took place in acceptance of [[LGBT]] people as a whole when "comedians finally cross the critical threshold from mockery to creativity in their joke-telling."<ref name=Allen/>
Jenner's announcement came at an unprecedented time for trans visibility, including legislative initiatives.<ref name=Griggs>{{cite web|last1=Griggs|first1=Brandon|title=America's transgender moment|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/23/living/transgender-moment-jenner-feat/index.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Helmore>{{cite web|last1=Helmore|first1=Edward|title=Bruce Jenner throws focus on America's 'new civil rights frontier'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/apr/25/bruce-jenner-kardashians-transgender-interview-civil-rights|work=The Guardian|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref> The ''20/20'' interview had 20.7 million viewers, making it television's "highest-ever rated newsmagazine telecast among adults 18–49 and adults 25–54."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Berman|first1=Marc|title=Bruce Jenner ’20/20′ Interview Rises to Over 20-Million Viewers|url=http://www.tvmediainsights.com/tv-ratings/bruce-jenner-2020-interview-rises-20-million-viewers/|publisher=TV Media Insights|accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref> ''[[The Daily Beast]]'' noted that, possibly because of Jenner's "honesty, his vulnerability, or his fame", she may have made "cheap jokes" about trans people—some examples of which aired during the show as part of the interview's educating the public on transphobia—"seem mean to a mainstream audience on an unprecedented scale."<ref name=Allen>{{cite web|last1=Allen|first1=Samantha|title=How To Tell A Bruce Jenner Joke: Late Night’s Subtle Transition|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/04/28/how-to-tell-a-bruce-jenner-joke-late-night-s-subtle-transition.html|publisher=The Daily Beast|accessdate=May 7, 2015}}</ref> Using examples of how comedians had changed in their talking about Jenner's transition, ''The Daily Beast'' saw the change as the same evolution that took place in acceptance of [[LGBT]] people as a whole when "comedians finally cross the critical threshold from mockery to creativity in their joke-telling."<ref name=Allen/>


Prior to Jenner's ''20/20'' interview, a two-part special titled ''Keeping Up with the Kardashians: About Bruce'' was filmed with the family to answer questions and prepare their children for personal and public aspects of the transition.<ref name=MarcusStephanie/> The episodes aired in May 2015 and emphasized a point made in the ''20/20'' prelude that there is no one right way to transition. Jenner made it a priority to ensure that all her children were independent first before focusing inward.<ref name=MarcusStephanie>{{cite web|last1=Marcus|first1=Stephanie|title='Keeping Up With The Kardashians: About Bruce' Was Just As Emotional As Expected|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/18/keeping-up-with-the-kardahians-about-bruce_n_7301162.html|publisher=Huffington Post|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref> Premiering the new "her", as Jenner referred to her emerging gender identity, was done with a photo spread, interview, and ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' cover shot by [[Annie Leibovitz]], which was released by Jenner via [[Twitter]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Leonard|first1=Elizabeth|title=Bruce Jenner to Pose for Cover of Vanity Fair, Sources Say|url=http://www.people.com/article/bruce-jenner-lands-vanity-fair-cover-woman|publisher=People|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref> The ''Vanity Fair'' cover shot included the caption "Call me Caitlyn" and accompanied her new Twitter handle, @Caitlyn_Jenner, and the message, "I'm so happy after such a long struggle to be living my true self. Welcome to the world Caitlyn. Can't wait for you to get to know her/me."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jenner|first1=Caitlyn|title=I'm so happy after such a long struggle to be living my true self.|url=https://twitter.com/Caitlyn_Jenner/status/605407919820013568|accessdate=June 1, 2015|publisher=Twitter|date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> Vanity Fair also reported that she considered the names Heather and Cathy before deciding on Caitlyn.<ref name="vani_Excl">{{Cite web | title = Exclusive: How Caitlyn Jenner Chose Her New Name | last = Goldstein | first = Katherine | work = Vanity Fair | date = July 2015 | accessdate = 2015-06-02 | url = http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/06/caitlyn-jenner-new-name-how-bruce-picked-caitlyn | quote = }}</ref> She amassed over one million Twitter followers in just over four hours, setting a new [[Guinness World Record]] and surpassing [[Barack Obama]], who, a month before, accomplished the same feat in four and a half hours.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mandell|first1=Andrea|title=Caitlyn Jenner smashes Obama's Twitter record|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2015/06/01/world-reacts-caitlyn-jenner|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref>
Prior to Jenner's ''20/20'' interview, a two-part special titled ''Keeping Up with the Kardashians: About Bruce'' was filmed with the family to answer questions and prepare their children for personal and public aspects of the transition.<ref name=MarcusStephanie/> The episodes aired in May 2015 and emphasized a point made in the ''20/20'' prelude that there is no one right way to transition. Jenner made it a priority to ensure that all her children were independent first before focusing inward.<ref name=MarcusStephanie>{{cite web|last1=Marcus|first1=Stephanie|title='Keeping Up With The Kardashians: About Bruce' Was Just As Emotional As Expected|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/18/keeping-up-with-the-kardahians-about-bruce_n_7301162.html|publisher=Huffington Post|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref> Premiering the new "her", as Jenner referred to her emerging gender identity, was done with a photo spread, interview, and ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' cover shot by [[Annie Leibovitz]], which was released by Jenner via [[Twitter]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Leonard|first1=Elizabeth|title=Bruce Jenner to Pose for Cover of Vanity Fair, Sources Say|url=http://www.people.com/article/bruce-jenner-lands-vanity-fair-cover-woman|publisher=People|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}</ref> The ''Vanity Fair'' cover shot included the caption "Call me Caitlyn" and accompanied her new Twitter handle, @Caitlyn_Jenner, and the message, "I'm so happy after such a long struggle to be living my true self. Welcome to the world Caitlyn. Can't wait for you to get to know her/me."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jenner|first1=Caitlyn|title=I'm so happy after such a long struggle to be living my true self.|url=https://twitter.com/Caitlyn_Jenner/status/605407919820013568|accessdate=June 1, 2015|publisher=Twitter|date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> Vanity Fair also reported that she considered the names Heather and Cathy before deciding on Caitlyn.<ref name="vani_Excl">{{cite web | title = Exclusive: How Caitlyn Jenner Chose Her New Name | last = Goldstein | first = Katherine | work = Vanity Fair | date = July 2015 | accessdate = 2015-06-02 | url = http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2015/06/caitlyn-jenner-new-name-how-bruce-picked-caitlyn | quote = }}</ref> She amassed over one million Twitter followers in just over four hours, setting a new [[Guinness World Record]] and surpassing [[Barack Obama]], who, a month before, accomplished the same feat in four and a half hours.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mandell|first1=Andrea|title=Caitlyn Jenner smashes Obama's Twitter record|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2015/06/01/world-reacts-caitlyn-jenner|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=June 1, 2015}}{{dead link|date=June 2015}}</ref>


Jenner's first public appearance as Caitlyn will be receiving the [[Arthur Ashe Courage Award]] during the 2015 [[ESPY Awards]] in July 2015. She was given the award because "she has shown the courage to embrace a truth that had been hidden for years, and to embark on a journey that may not only give comfort to those facing similar circumstances, but can also help to educate people on the challenges that the transgender community faces."<ref>Nesheim, Jay Jay (June 1, 2015). [http://espnmediazone.com/us/press-releases/2015/06/caitlyn-jenner-to-be-honored-with-the-arthur-ashe-courage-award-at-the-2015-espys-on-abc-july-15/ "Caitlyn Jenner to be Honored with the Arthur Ashe Courage Award at The 2015 ESPYS on ABC July 15"]. [[ESPN]] Media Zone.</ref>
Jenner's first public appearance as Caitlyn will be receiving the [[Arthur Ashe Courage Award]] during the 2015 [[ESPY Awards]] in July 2015. She was given the award because "she has shown the courage to embrace a truth that had been hidden for years, and to embark on a journey that may not only give comfort to those facing similar circumstances, but can also help to educate people on the challenges that the transgender community faces."<ref>Nesheim, Jay Jay (June 1, 2015). [http://espnmediazone.com/us/press-releases/2015/06/caitlyn-jenner-to-be-honored-with-the-arthur-ashe-courage-award-at-the-2015-espys-on-abc-july-15/ "Caitlyn Jenner to be Honored with the Arthur Ashe Courage Award at The 2015 ESPYS on ABC July 15"]. [[ESPN]] Media Zone.</ref>

Revision as of 09:59, 3 June 2015

Caitlyn Jenner
File:Bruce Jenner.jpg
Jenner in March 2011
Born
William Bruce Jenner

(1949-10-28) October 28, 1949 (age 74)
Mount Kisco, New York, United States
EducationNewtown High School
Alma materGraceland University
Years active1970–present
TelevisionKeeping Up with the Kardashians
Spouse(s)
Chrystie Crownover
​
​
(m. 1972⁠–⁠1981)​

​
(m. 1981⁠–⁠1986)​

​
(m. 1991⁠–⁠2015)​
Children6, including Brandon Jenner,
Brody Jenner,
Kendall Jenner,
and Kylie Jenner
Sports career
CountryUnited States
SportTrack and field
EventDecathlon
College teamGraceland Yellowjackets
Coached byL. D. Weldon
Bert Bonanno
Randy Trentman
Medal record
Men's athletics
Representing the  United States
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place 1976 Montreal Decathlon
Pan American Games
Gold medal – first place 1975 Mexico City Decathlon

Caitlyn Jenner (born William Bruce Jenner, October 28, 1949) is an American television personality and former track and field athlete.[2]

A former college football player, Jenner came to international attention as a decathlete, winning the gold medal in the men's decathlon event at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, and setting a world record not beaten until 1980. Jenner subsequently starred in numerous movies and television specials including several made-for-TV movies, and was briefly Erik Estrada's replacement on the TV series CHiPs.

Jenner was married for 23 years to Kris Jenner (née Houghton; formerly Kardashian); the couple and their children appeared beginning in 2007 on the television reality series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. Following their divorce in 2015, Jenner came out in a television interview as a trans woman, initially preferring male pronouns until her transition was more complete.[3] In June 2015, Jenner revealed her new name, Caitlyn, and the change to using female pronouns;[4] many news sources have described her as the most famous openly transgender person in the world.[5][6][7]

Early life

Caitlyn Jenner was born William Bruce Jenner on October 28, 1949, in Mount Kisco, New York,[8] the child of Esther R. (née McGuire) and William Hugh Jenner, a tree surgeon.[9][10] Jenner has two sisters, Lisa and Pam,[11] while her younger brother, Burt, was killed in a car accident in Canton, Connecticut, shortly after Jenner's success at the Olympics.[12]

As a young child, Jenner was diagnosed with dyslexia.[13] She attended Sleepy Hollow High School in Sleepy Hollow, New York, during her freshman and sophomore years[14][15] and Newtown High School in Newtown, Connecticut, during her junior and senior years, graduating in 1968.[16] Jenner earned a football scholarship and attended Graceland College (now Graceland University) in Lamoni, Iowa, but was forced to stop playing football and switch to the decathlon due to a knee injury.[17] Graceland's track coach and Jenner's mentor, L. D. Weldon, was the first to recognize Jenner's potential and encouraged the youngster to pursue the decathlon.[18] Jenner debuted in the decathlon at the Drake Relays in Des Moines in 1970, placing fifth.[19] Jenner graduated from Graceland College in 1973 with a degree in physical education.[20]

Olympic career

At the 1972 decathlon U.S. Olympic trials in Eugene, Oregon, Jenner was in fifth place behind Steve Gough and Andrew Pettes. Needing to make up a 19-second gap on Gough in the 1500 meters, Jenner ran a fast last lap, separating herself from her rivals by 22 seconds to make the Olympic team. The Eugene Register-Guard asked "Who's Jenner?"[21][22] She went on to finish in 10th place at the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich, Germany.[23] Jenner sold insurance at night (earning $9,000 a year[24]) while training during the day.[25] During that period, she trained at the San Jose City College track.[26] In the era before professionalism was allowed in athletics, this kind of training was unheard of. Centered around Bert Bonanno, the coach at SJCC, San Jose at the time was a hotbed for training aspiring Olympic athletes called at the time the "Track Capital of the World",[25] including Jenner, along with Millard Hampton, Andre Phillips, John Powell, Mac Wilkins, Al Feuerbach, and others.[26][27] Still early in her career, she was featured on the cover of Track and Field News on their August 1974 issue.[28] In 1974 and 1976, Jenner was the American champion in the event.[29] While on tour in 1975, she also won the French national championship.[30] Jenner's best events were the skill events of the second day,[31][32] where her intense training showed.

At the trials for the 1976 Summer Olympics to be held in Montréal, Canada, Jenner scored a legal 8538, setting a world record.[22] At the Olympic games themselves, she won the gold medal in the decathlon,[33] scoring 8,616 points, thereby beating her own world record set at the Olympic Trials.[22] She hit a "home run" by achieving personal bests on the first day, turning her notorious second day into a gold medal coronation.[32] Jenner stated, "It hurts every day when you practice hard. Plus, when this decathlon is over, I got the rest of my life to recuperate. Who cares how bad it hurts?"[32]

Jenner's world record was broken by just 4 points by Daley Thompson in 1980. In 1985, the IAAF decathlon scoring table was changed; Jenner's winning score was reevaluated against that table and reported as 8,634 for comparative purposes. The converted mark stood as the American record until 1991 when it was surpassed by eventual gold medalist and world record holder Dan O'Brien.[34] As of 2011, Jenner is No. 25 on the world all-time list and the No. 9 American.[35]

As a result of winning the Olympic decathlon, Jenner was a national hero. She was the 1976 recipient of the James E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States. Jenner was also the Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year in 1976.[17] She was inducted into the Olympic Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame, the Connecticut Sports Hall of Fame in 1994, and the United States National Track and Field Hall of Fame in 1980. She was inducted into the San Jose Sports Hall of Fame in 2010.[36]

San Jose City College hosted the "Bruce Jenner Invitational" (frequently shortened to "Jenner Invitational") as a televised annual stop on the United States Track and Field Circuit (a meet equivalent in stature to the Prefontaine Classic). Records were set at the meet, with Jenner frequently hosting the telecasts.[37]

Post-Olympic career

Taking advantage of Olympic fame

In the 1970s, Olympic athletes were considered amateur and were not allowed to seek or accept payment for their positions as sports celebrities. In 1972, during the Cold War, three major Olympic titles that had a long history of American success—basketball, 100 meters, and decathlon—were won by Soviet athletes. Winning back the decathlon title made Jenner an American hero. Tony Kornheiser of The New York Times stated, "Jenner is twirling the nation like a baton. He and wife, Chrystie, are so high up on the pedestal of American heroism, it would take a crane to get them down."[32]

Jenner (right) greets Liberian president William Tolbert at the White House on September 21, 1976, as U.S. president Gerald Ford looks on.

After her Olympic success, Jenner decided to cash in on her celebrity status, requiring her to forgo any future Olympic appearances. She left her vaulting poles in the stadium, having no intention of ever using them again. Her agent, George Wallach, felt at the time she had a four-year window as holder to the title of "World's Greatest Athlete" to capitalize upon. Wallach reported Jenner was being considered for the role of Superman, which ultimately went to Christopher Reeve. She was even considered for a dog food commercial.[38] Soon after the Games, Jenner appeared on the front of Wheaties brand breakfast cereal as a "Wheaties champion". Of several hundred athletes who have been so featured, Jenner is one of seven Wheaties "spokesmen". On September 21, 1976, Jenner was an invited guest to a White House dinner with U.S. president Gerald Ford and Liberian president William Tolbert among others.[39]

On November 22, 1977, Jenner went to San Francisco to refute charges filed by the San Francisco district attorney that General Mills, the makers of Wheaties, had been engaged in false advertising. Jenner contended that she likes the cereal and eats the breakfast cereal two to three times per week. Two days later, District Attorney Joseph Freitas withdrew the false advertising suit against General Mills for its advertising campaign featuring Jenner, saying that it was "a case of overzealousness" on the part of his staff.[40] That same year, the Kansas City Kings selected Jenner with the 140th pick of the NBA draft. Jenner had not played basketball since high school.[41]

Television and film career

Jenner starred in the disco-era Village People comedy, Can't Stop the Music (1980). The movie was a flop. Jenner was nominated for the 1980 Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor for her performance in the film, and the film won the Award for Worst Picture. She had some success in a television career, starring in the made-for-TV movies The Golden Moment: An Olympic Love Story (1980) and Grambling's White Tiger (1981). From 1981 to 1982, she became a semi-regular cast member on the police series CHiPs, guest-starring as Officer Steve McLeish (substituting for star Erik Estrada, who was lodged in a contract dispute with NBC and MGM), for six episodes. She also appeared on an episode of the sitcom Silver Spoons called "Trouble with Words", wherein she revealed her dyslexia in a storyline about a teenaged recurring character with the same problem. She appeared on the series Learn To Read and in the video games Olympic Decathlon (1981) and Bruce Jenner's World Class Decathlon (1996). Her iconic "hero shot", the finish of the final event of 1976 Olympic decathlon, and Wheaties cover were parodied by John Belushi on Saturday Night Live, endorsing "Little Chocolate Donuts".[42]

Jenner has appeared on a variety of game shows and reality television programs. She starred with Grits Gresham in an episode of ABC's The American Sportsman.[43] The program featured Gresham hunting, fishing, or shooting in exotic spots with celebrities. In the early 1990s, Jenner was the host of an infomercial for a stair-climbing exercise machine called the Stair Climber Plus.[44]

In January 2002, Jenner participated in an episode of the American series The Weakest Link, featuring Olympic athletes. In February and March 2003, she was part of the cast of the American series I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. She had a cameo appearance in a season-three episode of The Apprentice, which aired in May 2005. She was partnered with Tai Babilonia for Skating with Celebrities in an series that aired January–March 2006 (they were eliminated during the fifth of seven episodes). Jenner served as a guest judge on Pet Star on Animal Planet, and appeared on NBC's game show Identity, as well as Celebrity Family Feud with her family. In November 2010, a photograph of Jenner played the role of a janitorial resume in an episode of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia.

Other television and talk show appearances by Jenner include Nickelodeon's made-for-TV film Gym Teacher: The Movie as well as episodes of Murder, She Wrote, Family Guy, Pet Star on Animal Planet, Identity, Lingo Olympic Winners episode and Celebrity Family Feud as well as such talk shows as Hannity[45] and The Bonnie Hunt Show.[episode needed]

Since late 2007, Jenner has starred in the E! reality series Keeping Up with the Kardashians along with wife Kris Jenner, stepchildren Kourtney, Kim, Khloé, and Rob (from Kris's marriage to attorney Robert Kardashian), and daughters Kylie and Kendall.[citation needed] Season 2 attracted an average of 1.6 million viewers, an increase over the previous season.[46] Jenner has also made cameo appearances on the show's spinoff series.

In 2011, Jenner appeared in the Adam Sandler comedy Jack and Jill in a scene with Al Pacino as an actor in a play. Like Can't Stop The Music the film won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture.

Auto-racing career

Jenner was a successful race car driver in the IMSA Camel GT series (International Motor Sports Association) in the 1980s. Her first victory came in the 1986 12 hours of Sebring in the IMSA GTO class driving the 7-Eleven Roush Racing Ford Mustang with co-driver Scott Pruett, not only winning their class but finishing 4th overall in the 12-hour endurance race. Her most successful year was also 1986, when she finished second in the championship to Pruett.[47][48] Jenner commented on this aspect of her career, "I was a lot more badass runner than I was a driver."[49]

Business

Jenner's company, Bruce Jenner Aviation, sells aircraft supplies to executives and corporations.[24] Jenner was the business development vice president for a staffing industry software application known as JennerNet, which was based on Lotus Domino technology.[50]

Jenner had licensed her previous name for Bruce Jenner's Westwood Centers for Nautilus & Aerobics in the early 1980s, though she had no ownership in the centers,[24] which were owned by David Cirotto while Jenner's name was on the centers.[51]

Personal life

Jenner is a professed Christian, leans politically conservative, and is a Republican.[52][53] Her first marriage was to Chrystie Scott (née Crownover) from 1972 to 1981. They have two children, son Burton and daughter Cassandra, known as Burt and Casey respectively.[54][55] Jenner and Scott's divorce was finalized the first week of January 1981.[56] The same week, on January 5, 1981, Jenner married her second wife, actress Linda Thompson, at the Oahu, Hawaii, home of film producer Allan Carr.[57] By February 1986, Jenner and Thompson had separated, and they subsequently divorced.[58] Jenner and Thompson have two sons together, Brandon and Sam Brody, known as Brody.[59] The two sons starred on the reality show The Princes of Malibu. Brody Jenner was also on the reality show The Hills.

Jenner's third marriage, to Kris Kardashian (née Houghton), occurred on April 21, 1991, after five months of dating.[60] They have two daughters, Kendall and Kylie. As Bruce, Jenner was also the step-parent to Kris's four children from her previous marriage to the late lawyer Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé and Rob. The couple announced their separation in October 2013,[61] though they had actually separated a year earlier.[62] Kris filed for divorce in September 2014, citing irreconcilable differences.[63] Their divorce terms were finalized in December 2014 and went into effect on March 23, 2015, due to a six-month state legal requirement.[64]

In February 2015, Jenner was involved in a multiple-vehicle collision on the Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu, California. The accident caused one death and 8 injuries, but Jenner was able to walk away from the accident.[65][66][67] The stepchildren of the deceased filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Jenner in relation to the incident.[68][69]

Gender transition

The Washington Post stated that Jenner's debut Vanity Fair cover, shot by Annie Leibovitz, had special significance for its subject: "After all the magazine covers that featured the former athlete, once lauded as the 'world’s greatest athlete,' the Leibovitz photograph will be the most meaningful. Looking directly at the camera, Jenner is finally herself for the first time publicly."[70]

In an April 2015, 20/20 interview with Diane Sawyer, Jenner came out as a trans woman saying she had dealt with gender dysphoria since her youth, and that, for all intents and purposes, "I’m a woman." Jenner cross dressed for many years and began physically transitioning in the 1980s with hormone replacement therapy, but quit after meeting Kris Kardashian in the early 1990s.[71][72] In June 2015 she debuted her new name, Caitlyn, image, and the use of female pronouns officially.[4] Her transition is also the subject of an eight-part documentary series that will premiere in July 2015. While she has undergone some cosmetic surgery as part of transitioning, she has not ruled out gender reassignment surgery, and feels life as a woman is primarily a matter of mental state and lifestyle.[73] She said she has never been attracted to men and had exclusively been attracted to women before her transition, but currently identifies as asexual.[74][75]

Jenner's announcement came at an unprecedented time for trans visibility, including legislative initiatives.[76][77] The 20/20 interview had 20.7 million viewers, making it television's "highest-ever rated newsmagazine telecast among adults 18–49 and adults 25–54."[78] The Daily Beast noted that, possibly because of Jenner's "honesty, his vulnerability, or his fame", she may have made "cheap jokes" about trans people—some examples of which aired during the show as part of the interview's educating the public on transphobia—"seem mean to a mainstream audience on an unprecedented scale."[79] Using examples of how comedians had changed in their talking about Jenner's transition, The Daily Beast saw the change as the same evolution that took place in acceptance of LGBT people as a whole when "comedians finally cross the critical threshold from mockery to creativity in their joke-telling."[79]

Prior to Jenner's 20/20 interview, a two-part special titled Keeping Up with the Kardashians: About Bruce was filmed with the family to answer questions and prepare their children for personal and public aspects of the transition.[80] The episodes aired in May 2015 and emphasized a point made in the 20/20 prelude that there is no one right way to transition. Jenner made it a priority to ensure that all her children were independent first before focusing inward.[80] Premiering the new "her", as Jenner referred to her emerging gender identity, was done with a photo spread, interview, and Vanity Fair cover shot by Annie Leibovitz, which was released by Jenner via Twitter.[81] The Vanity Fair cover shot included the caption "Call me Caitlyn" and accompanied her new Twitter handle, @Caitlyn_Jenner, and the message, "I'm so happy after such a long struggle to be living my true self. Welcome to the world Caitlyn. Can't wait for you to get to know her/me."[82] Vanity Fair also reported that she considered the names Heather and Cathy before deciding on Caitlyn.[83] She amassed over one million Twitter followers in just over four hours, setting a new Guinness World Record and surpassing Barack Obama, who, a month before, accomplished the same feat in four and a half hours.[84]

Jenner's first public appearance as Caitlyn will be receiving the Arthur Ashe Courage Award during the 2015 ESPY Awards in July 2015. She was given the award because "she has shown the courage to embrace a truth that had been hidden for years, and to embark on a journey that may not only give comfort to those facing similar circumstances, but can also help to educate people on the challenges that the transgender community faces."[85]

See also

References

  1. ^ People: "Bruce Jenner's Life Now: More Golf, Less Kardashians" by By Michelle Tauber February 21, 2014
  2. ^ Leibovitz, Annie (June 1, 2015). "Introducing Caitlyn Jenner". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  3. ^ Slonik, Daniel (April 24, 2015). "Bruce Jenner Says He Identifies as a Woman". The New York Times. For the purpose of the interview, Mr. Jenner said he preferred the pronoun "he," and Ms. Sawyer called him Bruce.
  4. ^ a b Leibovitz, Annie (June 1, 2015). "Introducing Caitlyn Jenner". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  5. ^ Milliken, Mary (April 25, 2015). "Olympian Bruce Jenner makes transgender history by identifying as a woman". Reuters. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
  6. ^ "Bruce Jenner on living as a woman". BBC News. April 25, 2015. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
  7. ^ Ford, Matt (April 25, 2015). "Bruce Jenner, Transgender American". The Atlantic. Retrieved April 26, 2015.
  8. ^ Stelter, Brian; Pallotta, Frank (April 25, 2015). "Jenner: 'Yes, for all intents and purposes, I'm a woman'"[dead link]. WCVB-TV.
  9. ^ "William Bruce Jenner". Geni. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caitlyn Jenner.
Records
Preceded by Men's decathlon world record holder
August 10, 1975 – May 15, 1980 		Succeeded by
Awards and achievements
Preceded by World's Greatest Athlete
1976 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caitlyn_Jenner&oldid=665302815"