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Neoclassical style continued to the early 20th century.<ref name="passchier"/> Architect consultant 'Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Cuypers, Amsterdam' introduced neoclassical language in the architecture of banks. Characteristic for the architectural conception of this bank building is entrance [[portico]] with double columns crowned by composition capitals, a cornice and tympanum; the order of the facade-windows combined with columns and composition capitals.<ref name="passchier"/>
Neoclassical style continued to the early 20th century.<ref name="passchier"/> Architect consultant 'Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Cuypers, Amsterdam' introduced neoclassical language in the architecture of banks. Characteristic for the architectural conception of this bank building is entrance [[portico]] with double columns crowned by composition capitals, a cornice and tympanum; the order of the facade-windows combined with columns and composition capitals.<ref name="passchier"/>

Few early 19th century buildings in the most developed tropical style of [[Dutch Indies country houses|Indische stijl]] exist in Bandung, one of them is the residence of the assistant-residence, which was unfortunately demolished in 1926 for a new municipal office.<ref name="bandungstad-21">{{cite book |last=Voskuil |first=R.P.G.A. |date=1999 |title=Bandung - Beeld van een Stad |url= |location=Purmerend |publisher=Asia Maior |page= |isbn=9074861148 |access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref>

Landhuis Depan in Batavia.
Also known as Indo-European house (Indo Europeesche Stijl)[3] or Indische stijlexist in Bandung, e.g.


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|Gmelig Meijling (1941 restoration)
|Gmelig Meijling (1941 restoration)
|{{coord|-6.911792|107.604771|format=dms}}
|{{coord|-6.911792|107.604771|format=dms}}
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|Gemeentehuis (demolished in 1926, on its site is Balai Kota Bandung)<ref name="bandungstad-21"/>
|Huis van de assistent-resident, ''Assistent der Koffijkultuur''<ref name="bandungstad-21"/>
|1819<ref name="bandungstad-21"/>
|for Andries de Wilde<ref name="bandungstad-21"/>
|{{coord|-6.910796|107.609819|format=dms}}
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Revision as of 14:52, 31 May 2015

Colonial buildings in Bandung include those that were constructed during the Dutch colonial period of Indonesia. The period started at the foundation of Bandung at the beginning of 20th century, which is relatively young. The list is divided into the colonial architectural styles: Traditionalism (before 20th century), Dutch Rationalism (1900s-1920s), and Modernism (1920s-1930s).

Colonial architecture in Bandung is dominated with Modernist architecture, apparent in buildings such as civic buildings and offices. Bandung contains one of the largest remaining collections of Modernist building (Dutch Nieuwe Bouwen) in the world.[1] European city planning based on garden city concept were implemented in the north part of Bandung, which is still apparent today in the architecture of the residences and villas. Most buildings in Bandung are designed by architects who lived and worked in Bandung, many of them were educated in The Netherlands. Some of the architecture were influenced with Indonesian architecture, and also North-American and British-Indies influences in the Modern architecture of pre-independent Indonesia.[2]

Below is a list of colonial buildings found in Bandung. The list is sorted alphabetically according to its official (often, local) name. The list can also be sorted to each category.

Buildings which undertook complete renovation which resulted in different form are listed separately to distinguish the different architectural form.

Traditionalism (before 20th century)

A small number of colonial buildings, mostly an original governmental function, were built in the 19th-century in Neoclassical Indische Empire style (collectively known as Traditionalist movement) around the founding time of Bandung.[2]

Neoclassical style continued to the early 20th century.[2] Architect consultant 'Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Cuypers, Amsterdam' introduced neoclassical language in the architecture of banks. Characteristic for the architectural conception of this bank building is entrance portico with double columns crowned by composition capitals, a cornice and tympanum; the order of the facade-windows combined with columns and composition capitals.[2]

Few early 19th century buildings in the most developed tropical style of Indische stijl exist in Bandung, one of them is the residence of the assistant-residence, which was unfortunately demolished in 1926 for a new municipal office.[3]

Landhuis Depan in Batavia. Also known as Indo-European house (Indo Europeesche Stijl)[3] or Indische stijlexist in Bandung, e.g.

Last official name Former names Year Architect Location Latest image Oldest image
Bank Exim (abandoned) Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij te Bandoeng; Bank Exim 1912 Ed. Cuypers & Hulswit te Weltevreden 6°55′16″S 107°36′28″E / 6.921028°S 107.607825°E / -6.921028; 107.607825
Bank Negara Indonesia Javasche Bank 1915 Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Cuypers, Amsterdam 6°54′52″S 107°36′34″E / 6.914509°S 107.609316°E / -6.914509; 107.609316
Gedung Pakuan Residentswoning 1860, 1941 restored Gmelig Meijling (1941 restoration) 6°54′42″S 107°36′17″E / 6.911792°S 107.604771°E / -6.911792; 107.604771
Gemeentehuis (demolished in 1926, on its site is Balai Kota Bandung)[3] Huis van de assistent-resident, Assistent der Koffijkultuur[3] 1819[3] for Andries de Wilde[3] 6°54′39″S 107°36′35″E / 6.910796°S 107.609819°E / -6.910796; 107.609819
Grand Hotel Preanger (first building) 1897
Kantoor van J.R. de Vries en Co. (demolished, now Toko de Vries) Kantoor van J.R. de Vries en Co. 19th-century 6°55′18″S 107°36′35″E / 6.921675°S 107.609846°E / -6.921675; 107.609846
Kantoor van De Vries en Fabricius (demolished, now Toko de Vries) Kantoor van De Vries en Fabricius 19th-century 6°55′18″S 107°36′35″E / 6.921640°S 107.609584°E / -6.921640; 107.609584
Mako II Kodam III Siliwangi, Gedung Sabahu Departement van Oorlog 1910-1915 6°54′40″S 107°36′52″E / 6.911144°S 107.614534°E / -6.911144; 107.614534
Polwiltabes Hollandsch-Inlandsche Kweekschool[4] 1866 (opened)[4] anonymous 6°54′50″S 107°36′39″E / 6.914022°S 107.610798°E / -6.914022; 107.610798
Sociëteit Concordia (demolished, now the Museum Konperensi Asia Afrika) Sociëteit Concordia 1895 6°55′16″S 107°36′35″E / 6.921216°S 107.609597°E / -6.921216; 107.609597
Middelbare Opleidingsschool voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren (1901-);[5] Hoofdenschool Bandoeng (1878-1901);[5] Sakola Menak[5] 29 December 1878[5] 6°56′04″S 107°36′27″E / 6.934565°S 107.607510°E / -6.934565; 107.607510
Zendinghospitaal Immanuel

Dutch Rationalism (1900s - 1920s)

See also: New Indies Style

Early 20th century is characterized with the introduction of new technological method of construction. The period saw the effect of a new beginning when the colony is exposed to private initiatives and enormous population growth. Many new private houses were built during this time all over Indonesia. The preferable architecture style were ecclectic, sometimes [Gothic Revival architecture|Romantic]], combination of Dutch and Javanese style.

A new style, known as Dutch Rationalism, flourished in the Netherlands as well as in the Indies; the subsequent style in tropical climate of Indonesia is known as New Indies Style.[6] It is largely introduced by Moojen from Batavia, who was largely influenced by the works of Berlage.[7] The style is the result of the attempt to develop new solutions to integrate traditional precedents (classicism) with new technological possibilities. It can be described as a transitional style between Traditionalists and the Modernists.

Last official name Former names Year Architect Location Latest image Oldest image
Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank 1911 de Bouwploeg
School van de Zusters Ursulinen te Bandung
Telefoonkantoor Oude Hospitaalweg / Jalan Lembong
Toko Bandung Baru 1910-1920[8] Anonymous
Toko De Vries Warenhuis De Vries 1909 Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Cuypers, Amsterdam 6°55′18″S 107°36′35″E / 6.921684°S 107.609685°E / -6.921684; 107.609685

Modernism (1920s-1930s)

The period saw the emergence of Modernism and its varieties, namely Art Deco, Nieuwe Bouwen, Amsterdam School and other variations. The same period, in 1929, Bandung approved the 'Framework plan' city planning, which covered an area of 12,758 ha, divided in plans for mainly the Northern- and partly the Southern areas of the town.[2] This fosters the development of early 20th-century modern architecture in Bandung.

Art Deco evolved from earlier Dutch Rationalism. The form is symmetrical and exudes technological progress and glamour, with rich color and bold geometric shapes. In Bandung, Art Deco often manifested in the decorative element in the street facades, often hiding an ordinary building with a helm roof and covered with tiles; these architecture is mostly the product of rebuilding and upgrading of commercial buildings in the 1920s and 1930s.[2]

In the following period between late 1930s and 1940s, Art Deco evolved into a new style known as Nieuwe Bouwen (Dutch term for Modernism) or Functionalism. Instead of creating decorative style on the facade, the architect creates style in the clear arrangement of space. The preference is to use universal form such as cylinder or curving horizontal lines. No Where else in Indonesia are the influences of the 'Modern movement' in architecture observable as in the City of Bandung.[2] Albert Aalbers is the most representative expression of Nieuwe Bouwen in Indonesia, and many of his masterpieces - such as Savoy Homann Hotel (1939), Denis Bank (1936), and the "Driekleur" (1937) - were located in Bandung. The style is characterized by its openness, its sleek facade lines, and strong spatial effect on the exterior.[9] Bandung contains one of the largest remaining collections of Art Deco-Nieuwe Bouwen buildings in the world.[1][9]

Also included in this period are those architects who implemented the principles of native art of building in Indonesia, such as those designed by Henri Maclaine Pont.

Last official name Former names Year Architect Location Latest image Oldest image
Nederlands-Indische Metaalwaren Emballage Fabrieken
Algemeen Delisch Emigratie Kantoor
Keramisch Laboratorium Afdeling Nijverheid
De Indische Centrale Aanschaffingsdienst
Gereformeerde Kerk
IJkwezen Bandoeng
Kerk van de Christian Science Society
3 Villas in Jalan Dago (Ir. H. Juanda) Drie Locomotives 1936 Albert Aalbers
Asuransi Jiwasraya Nillmij Snuyf en Wiemans[10] 6°55′15″S 107°36′25″E / 6.920952°S 107.606824°E / -6.920952; 107.606824
Bala Keselamatan Het Leger des Heils 1920[11] Brinkman en Voorhave[11] 6°54′55″S 107°36′49″E / 6.915226°S 107.613569°E / -6.915226; 107.613569
Bandung Promotion Center De Zon 1925 anonymous 6°55′15″S 107°36′20″E / 6.920717°S 107.605547°E / -6.920717; 107.605547
Bandung railway station (2nd building) Station Bandoeng 1928[4] F. Cousin (Bouwkundig Bureau van de Staatsspoorwegen)[4] 6°54′53″S 107°36′09″E / 6.914679°S 107.602445°E / -6.914679; 107.602445
Bank Jawa Barat (BJB) DENIS De Eerste Nederlandsch – Indische Spaarkas, Bank Karya Pembangunan[2] 1935[2]-1936 Albert Aalbers 6°55′12″S 107°36′37″E / 6.919943°S 107.610302°E / -6.919943; 107.610302
Bank Mandiri Nederlandsch Indische Escompto Maatschappij 6°55′15″S 107°36′24″E / 6.920760°S 107.606626°E / -6.920760; 107.606626
Bank Pacific (abandoned) Internationale Crediet- en Handelsverg. Rotterdam.; Bank Pacific 1925 6°55′16″S 107°36′44″E / 6.921075°S 107.612231°E / -6.921075; 107.612231
Biofarma Instituut Pasteur 1926 Wolff Schoemaker 6°53′58″S 107°36′02″E / 6.899475°S 107.600425°E / -6.899475; 107.600425
Bioscoop Dian (abandoned) Radio City 1925 6°55′22″S 107°36′27″E / 6.922853°S 107.607515°E / -6.922853; 107.607515
Bioscoop Oriental Bioscoop Oriëntal
Bioscoop Orion Bioscoop Orion
Gedung Kologdam Bandung Jaarbeurs 1919 Wolff Schoemaker 6°54′35″S 107°37′01″E / 6.909673°S 107.616891°E / -6.909673; 107.616891
Gedung Kertamukti Residentiekantoor Afd. Priangan, 's Landskas, Algemeen Ontvanger en Landsvendukantoor Bandoeng; N.V. Oliefabrieken Insulinde (original) 1918-1921 Wolff Schoemaker 6°54′53″S 107°36′31″E / 6.914642°S 107.608637°E / -6.914642; 107.608637
Gedung Landmark Braga Boekhandel en Drukkerij G.C.T. van Dorp & Co[10] 1921[10] Wolff Schoemaker[10] 6°54′56″S 107°36′31″E / 6.915554°S 107.608709°E / -6.915554; 107.608709
Gedung Merdeka Club Concordia 1921 Wolff Schoemaker 6°55′16″S 107°36′33″E / 6.921112°S 107.609209°E / -6.921112; 107.609209
Gedung Moh. Toha Machinehal, Jaarbeurs 1919 Wolff Schoemaker 6°54′37″S 107°37′02″E / 6.910307°S 107.617085°E / -6.910307; 107.617085
Gedung Sate Department van Gouvernementsbedrijven te Bandung 1920 J. Gerber (Public Works) 6°54′09″S 107°37′08″E / 6.902508°S 107.618778°E / -6.902508; 107.618778
Gereja Protestan Bethel, Bethel Protestant Church Protestantsche Kerk (Pieterskerk), Bethelkerk 1925[9] Wolff Schoemaker[9] 6°54′49″S 107°36′31″E / 6.913617°S 107.608496°E / -6.913617; 107.608496
Grand Hotel Preanger 1925 Wolff Schoemaker 6°55′15″S 107°36′42″E / 6.920711°S 107.611648°E / -6.920711; 107.611648
Institut Teknologi Bandung Technische Hogeschool te Bandoeng 1920[9] Henri Maclaine Pont Bandung
Kantor Pos Besar Bandung Post- en Telegraafkantoor 1928-1931[12] J. van Gendt (Landsgebouwendienst) 6°55′14″S 107°36′22″E / 6.920646°S 107.606145°E / -6.920646; 107.606145
Gereja Katedral Santo Petrus Katholieke kerk Bandoeng 1922 Wolff Schoemaker 6°54′53″S 107°36′38″E / 6.914831°S 107.610611°E / -6.914831; 107.610611
Kodam III Siliwangi Het Paleis van de Legercommandant 1918[13] Wolff Schoemaker[13] 6°54′35″S 107°36′49″E / 6.909858°S 107.613642°E / -6.909858; 107.613642
Museum Geologi Geologisch Laboratorium 6°54′03″S 107°37′17″E / 6.900702°S 107.621483°E / -6.900702; 107.621483
Museum Konperensi Asia Afrika 1926 Van Galen, Wolff Schoemaker 6°55′16″S 107°36′35″E / 6.921229°S 107.609610°E / -6.921229; 107.609610
Museum Pos Indonesia 6°54′08″S 107°37′11″E / 6.902131°S 107.619748°E / -6.902131; 107.619748
New Majestic Bioscoop Concordia (1924); Majestic Theatre (1973); Bioskop Dewi (1960) 1924[14] Wolff Schoemaker 6°55′15″S 107°36′35″E / 6.920794°S 107.609692°E / -6.920794; 107.609692
Perkebunan XII Preanger Administratie Incasso Kantoor: PAIK[10] 1937[10]
Perum Listrik Negara - Distribusi Jawa Barat dan Banten Gemeenschappelijk Electriciteitsbedrijf Bandoeng en Omstreken: GEBEO 1922 Wolff Schoemaker 6°55′16″S 107°36′30″E / 6.921129°S 107.608355°E / -6.921129; 107.608355
PN Gas Ned.- Ind. Gas. Mij., Showroom en kantoor; Becker en Co (original)[10] 1919[10] Wolff Schoemaker[10] 6°55′06″S 107°36′35″E / 6.918212°S 107.609698°E / -6.918212; 107.609698
Savoy Homann Bidakara Hotel Savoy Homann Hotel 1939 Albert Aalbers 6°55′20″S 107°36′37″E / 6.922175°S 107.610268°E / -6.922175; 107.610268
SMA Negeri 3 & 5 Bandung Hogereburgerschool Bandoeng; Kompetai 6°54′44″S 107°36′55″E / 6.912337°S 107.615221°E / -6.912337; 107.615221
SMP Negeri 5 Bandung MULO Bandoeng[15] 1920 6°54′52″S 107°36′52″E / 6.914535°S 107.614386°E / -6.914535; 107.614386
Villa Isola Villa Isola 1933 Wolff Schoemaker 6°51′40″S 107°35′38″E / 6.861°S 107.594°E / -6.861; 107.594
Villa Tiga Warna Driekleur Albert Aalbers 6°54′19″S 107°36′39″E / 6.905346°S 107.610856°E / -6.905346; 107.610856
Waskita Karya Snuyf en Wiemans[10] 6°55′15″S 107°36′26″E / 6.920920°S 107.607101°E / -6.920920; 107.607101

See also

Notes and references

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Colonial buildings in Bandung.
Notes


References
  1. ^ a b Dawson, B.; Gillow, J. (1994). The Traditional Architecture of Indonesia. Thames and Hudson. p. 25. ISBN 0-500-34132-X.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Passchier, Cor date=. Bandung - A short history on Urban and architectural development (PDF). {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |deadurl= and |subscription= (help); Missing pipe in: |first= (help) Cite error: The named reference "passchier" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e Voskuil, R.P.G.A. (1999). Bandung - Beeld van een Stad. Purmerend: Asia Maior. ISBN 9074861148. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d Bandung Centrum B
  5. ^ a b c d Osvia Bandung
  6. ^ Gunawan Tjahjono, ed. (1998). Architecture. Indonesian Heritage. Vol. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press. p. 120. ISBN 981-3018-30-5.
  7. ^ Walter, Joop (July 2011). "Het Indisch Woonhuis". http://www.salatiga.nl/indische-architectuur/indisch-wonen.htm. Kota Salatiga. Retrieved 31 May 2015. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  8. ^ [1] Data Bangunan Bersejarah Kota Bandung Tahun 1997
  9. ^ a b c d e Het Indische bouwen: architectuur en stedebouw in Indonesie : Dutch and Indisch architecture 1800-1950. Helmond: Gemeentemuseum Helmond. 1990. pp. 28–31. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bandung Centrum A
  11. ^ a b https://orsonkersen.wordpress.com/2012/01/09/kantor-pusat-bala-keselamatan/ Kantor Pusat Bala Keselamatan
  12. ^ https://orsonkersen.wordpress.com/2012/01/09/kantor-pos-pusat/ Kantor Pos Pusat
  13. ^ a b Markas Kodam III/Siliwangi, Istana Panglima Militer
  14. ^ Gedung New Majestic
  15. ^ https://orsonkersen.wordpress.com/2012/01/09/smp-negeri-5/ SMP Negeri 5
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