Jump to content

Iris vorobievii: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
removed unneeded brackets
added more details and refs
Line 18: Line 18:
|date= 23 March 2013 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322580 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]])|accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>
|date= 23 March 2013 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-322580 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]])|accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''''Iris vorobievii''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]] and in the ''Psammiris'' section. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from
'''''Iris vorobievii''''' is a species in the genus ''[[Iris (plant)|Iris]]'', it is also in the subgenus of [[Iris subg. Iris|Iris]] and in the ''Psammiris'' section. It is a [[rhizomatous]] [[perennial plant|perennial]], from [[Russia]] close to the Chinese border. It has long and thin green leaves, similar sized stem and pale yellow or bright yellow flowers with a pale yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in [[temperateness|temperate]] regions.

==Description==
It is a species similar in form to ''[[Iris humilis]]''.<ref name=american>{{cite web |first=Bob |last=Pries |title=(SPEC) Iris vorobievii Pavlova |date=13 January 2015 |url=http://wiki.irises.org/bin/view/Spec/SpecVorobievii |publisher=wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society)| accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>

It has a short (about {{convert|1|-|1.6|cm|0|abbr=on}} long), thick (about 1.3cm) and ovoid (in shape) rhizome.<ref name=american/><ref name=redbook>{{cite web | first=N.S. |last=Pavlova |title= Iris vorobievii |url=http://lib.dvfu.ru/redbook.html/1.plants/2.magnoliophyta/2.liliopsida (monocotyledonae)/27.iris vorobievii/iris vorobievii.html |publisher=lib.dvfu.ru |accessdate=11 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=onego>{{cite web |title=Irises Psammiris |url=http://flower.onego.ru/other/iris/iris_hum.html |publisher=flower.onego.ru |accessdate=30 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=Environmental>{{cite book |last1=Artyukova |first1=Elena |last2=Kozyrenko |first2=Marina |last3=Koren |first3=Olga |last4=Kholina |first4=Alla |last5=Nakonechnaya |first5=Olga |last6=Zhuravlev |first6=Yuri |date=14 March 2012 |publication-date=2012 |chapter=18 |editor1-last=Çalişkan |editor1-first=Mahmut | title=Environmental Sciences  "Genetic Diversity in Plants" |url=http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/31486.pdf |format=PDF | isbn=978-953-51-0185-7}}</ref>
The rhizome produces 2-3 buds or short branches, but after the plant has flowered, the main rhizome dies. So the plant does not like other rhizomatous irises form creeping plants.<ref name=onego/><ref name=Environmental/><ref name=knigi>{{cite web |title=The exhibition "Iris Russia" |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/66/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=12 May 2015}}</ref> Under the rhizome are thick secondary roots,<ref name=american/><ref name=redbook/><ref name=onego/> that are slightly branched, {{convert|8|-|1o|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 2mm wide.<ref name=onego/> On top of the rhizome, are the fibrous remains of last seasons leaves.<ref name=american/><ref name=redbook/>
It has linear or ensiform (sword shaped), green, [[basal]] (growing from the base) leaves.<ref name=american/><ref name=redbook/><ref name=onego/>
They can grow up to between {{convert|10|-|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 1.8-2 cm wide.<ref name=american/><ref name=redbook/><ref name=onego/>

They are almost equal in length to the stem.<ref name=redbook/>
It has erect stems that can grow up to between {{convert|35|cm|0|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=redbook/>

The stem holds 1 or 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers,<ref name=redbook/> in May.<ref name=redbook/><ref name=onego/>

The flowers are {{convert|6|-|7|cm|0|abbr=on}} in diameter,<ref name=redbook/> and come in shades of yellow, from pale yellow,<ref name=american/><ref name=redbook/> to bright yellow.<ref name=onego/>

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large [[sepals]] (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or [[tepals]]), known as the 'standards'.<ref name=ClaireAustin>{{cite book |first=Claire |last=Austin |title=Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Timber Press |isbn=0881927309 }}</ref>
The falls have dark brown veining,<ref name=american/><ref name=onego/> and in the centre, a pale yellow beard.<ref name=american/><ref name=redbook/>

After the iris has flowered, between June to July,<ref name=redbook/><ref name=onego/> it produces a seed capsule,<ref name=efloras/> that is {{convert|5.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 1.7 cm wide.<ref name=redbook/> It also has a 5mm long spout (or appendage).<ref name=redbook/>

===Biochemistry===
In 2008, a [[chromosome|chromosonal]] study was carried out on various iris species within Russia. It found out that ''Iris vorobievii'' had a count of 2n=14. <ref name=taxon>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Marhold |editor1-first=Karol |last=Chepinoga |first=Victor V. |last2=Gnutikov |first2=Aleksandr A. |last3= Enushchenko |first3=Ilya V. |last4=Chepinoga |first4=Anastasya V. |date=November 2008 |title=IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 6 |url=http://www.iopb.org/PDF/IAPT_IOPB_Chr_data6.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Taxon |publisher= |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1267–1273 |doi= |accessdate=12 May 2015}}</ref>

In 2009, a study was carried out on the molecular DNA markers of populations of ''Iris vorobievii'', ''[[Iris mandshurica]]'' and ''[[Iris humilis]]'' within [[Primorye]], Russia. It confirmed that the three irises were separate species.<ref name=Independent>{{cite journal |last=Kozyrenko |first=M.M. |last2=Elena Artyukova |first2=E.V. |last3=Zhuravlev |first3=Y.N. |date=November 2009 |title=Independent species status of Iris vorobievii NS Pavlova, Iris mandshurica Maxim., and Iris humilis Georgi (Iridaceae): Evidence from the nuclear and chloroplast genomes |url=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/223131549_Independent_species_status_of_Iris_vorobievii_NS_Pavlova_Iris_mandshurica_Maxim._and_Iris_humilis_Georgi_(Iridaceae)_Evidence_from_the_nuclear_and_chloroplast_genomes |journal=Russian Journal of Genetics |publisher= |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=1394-1402. |doi= |accessdate=1 May 2015}} </ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Kozyrenko |first=M.M. |last2=Artiukova |first2=E.V. |last3=Zhuravlev |first3=I.N. |date=November 2009 |title=Independent species status of Iris vorobievii N.S. Pavlova, Iris mandshurica Maxim., and Iris humilis Georgi (Iridaceae): evidence from the nuclear and chloroplast genomes |url= |journal=Genetika |publisher= |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=1575-1584 |doi= |accessdate=2 May 2015}}</ref>

As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name=ClaireAustin/>
It has a chromosome count: 2n=14.<ref name=taxon/>

== Taxonomy==
It is commonly known as ''Vorobyov Iris'' in Russia.<ref name=onego/><ref name=redbook/><ref name=human>{{cite web |title=Iris Vorobyov |url=http://humangarden.ru/bd/redbook/redbook.php%3Fletter%3D%25CA&prev=search |publisher=humangarden.ru |accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref>

The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''vorobievii'' refers to the Russian surname of Vorobyov, Vorobiev, Vorobyev or Vorobyova. It is unclear which person is honoured. But several plants such as ''[[Ligularia vorobievii]]'' have been named after him.<ref>{{cite web |first=Jonna |last=Sudenius |title=Photo of the entire plant of Leopard Plant (Ligularia vorobievii) |url=http://allthingsplants.com/plants/photo/154786/ |publisher=allthingsplants.com |accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref>

It was first published and described by [[N. S. Pavlova]] in 'Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal'nego Vostoka' (Sosudistye Rasteniia Soviet) Vol.2 page424 in 1987.<ref name=american/><ref name=ipni>{{cite web|title=Iridaceae Iris vorobievii N.S.Pavlova | url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=932649-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>

''Iris vorobievii'' has not yet been verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] and the [[Agricultural Research Service]], as of 14 May 2015.

''Iris vorobievii'' is not yet an accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]], as of 14 May 2015.

==Distribution and habitat==
It is [[native plant|native]] to central Asia, within Russia.<ref name=ipni/>

===Range===
It is found in the [[Russian Federation]], within [[Primorye]],<ref name=Independent/><ref name=Environmental/><ref name=redbook/><ref name=zoo>{{cite web |title=The Decision May 14, 2002 N 272 |url=http://www.zooclub.ru/zakon/49.shtml |publisher=zooclub.ru |accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref> or [[Primorsky Krai]].<ref name=onego/><ref name=taxon/>

Including, within the [[Ussair region]] (on the southern side of [[Amur River]]),
<ref> Jirí Kolbek, Miroslav Srutek and Elgene E. O. Box {{Google books|VmtPnUbH-uIC|Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia|page=77}}</ref> and it is also found growing beside Lake Lotos.<ref name=taxon/>

It is also found in North-east China and Korea.<ref name=onego/><ref name=Environmental/><ref name=redbook/>

===Habitat===
It grows on open grassy slopes,<ref name=onego/><ref name=redbook/><ref name=Environmental/> in open glades of oak forests (with ''[[Quercus dentata]]''),<ref name=taxon/> and in meadows on river terraces.<ref name=redbook/><ref name=Environmental/>

==Conservation==
It was listed as 'EN' (endangered),<ref name=human/> in the [[Red Data Book of the Russian Federation||Red Data Book]] of Primorye.<ref name=knigi/><ref name=zoo/> It was originally (incorrectly) listed as 'Iris mandshurica', but in 1988, it was listed as ''Iris vorobievii'', still as endangered.<ref name=redbook/>

It was listed in the 14 May 2002, edition as endangered.<ref name=redbook/>

It is protected due to the habitat suffering frequent fire destruction and human development activities.<ref name=redbook/>

==Cultivation==
''Iris vorobievii'' is difficult to cultivate, due to its short life.<ref name=Environmental/><ref name=knigi/>

In 1974, it was tested for [[Hardiness (plants)|hardiness]], at the Botanical Garden of [[Vladivostok]] in Russia. Although it was short lived there was well.<ref name=knigi/>

===Propagation===
Similar to other iris species, ''Iris vorobievii'' can be propagated by [[Division (horticulture)|division]] or by seed growing.<ref name=redbook/><ref name=Environmental/>

The iris has a ground creeping rhizome that produces 2-3 branches, but unlike other species, they do not mature and the plant soon dies after flowering.<ref name=knigi/><ref name=redbook/>

It can also produce seed, but in very small quantities.<ref name=knigi/> the seeds are dispersed a short distance away from the parent plant. But it may also be dispersed by [[ants]].<ref name=Environmental/>

===Hybrids and Cultivars===
None are known due to it being short lived.<ref name=onego/><ref name=knigi/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Other sources==
* Kharkevich, Katchura, 1989

==External links==
*[http://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/20846.html has several photos of the iris in flower]

{{Commons category-inline|Iris vorobievii}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris vorobievii}}

[[Category:Iris (plant)|vorobievii]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1987]]
[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Russia]]

Revision as of 16:08, 20 May 2015

Iris vorobievii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Subfamily:
Iridoideae
Tribe:
Irideae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Iris
Section:
Psammiris
Species:
Iris vorobievii
Binomial name
Iris vorobievii
Synonyms

None known[1]

Iris vorobievii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Russia close to the Chinese border. It has long and thin green leaves, similar sized stem and pale yellow or bright yellow flowers with a pale yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Description

It is a species similar in form to Iris humilis.[2]

It has a short (about 1–1.6 cm (0–1 in) long), thick (about 1.3cm) and ovoid (in shape) rhizome.[2][3][4][5] The rhizome produces 2-3 buds or short branches, but after the plant has flowered, the main rhizome dies. So the plant does not like other rhizomatous irises form creeping plants.[4][5][6] Under the rhizome are thick secondary roots,[2][3][4] that are slightly branched, [convert: invalid number] long and 2mm wide.[4] On top of the rhizome, are the fibrous remains of last seasons leaves.[2][3]

It has linear or ensiform (sword shaped), green, basal (growing from the base) leaves.[2][3][4] They can grow up to between 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long and 1.8-2 cm wide.[2][3][4]

They are almost equal in length to the stem.[3] It has erect stems that can grow up to between 35 cm (14 in) long.[3]

The stem holds 1 or 2 terminal (top of stem) flowers,[3] in May.[3][4]

The flowers are 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in diameter,[3] and come in shades of yellow, from pale yellow,[2][3] to bright yellow.[4]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[7] The falls have dark brown veining,[2][4] and in the centre, a pale yellow beard.[2][3]

After the iris has flowered, between June to July,[3][4] it produces a seed capsule,[8] that is 5.5 cm (2 in) long and 1.7 cm wide.[3] It also has a 5mm long spout (or appendage).[3]

Biochemistry

In 2008, a chromosonal study was carried out on various iris species within Russia. It found out that Iris vorobievii had a count of 2n=14. [9]

In 2009, a study was carried out on the molecular DNA markers of populations of Iris vorobievii, Iris mandshurica and Iris humilis within Primorye, Russia. It confirmed that the three irises were separate species.[10][11]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[7] It has a chromosome count: 2n=14.[9]

Taxonomy

It is commonly known as Vorobyov Iris in Russia.[4][3][12]

The Latin specific epithet vorobievii refers to the Russian surname of Vorobyov, Vorobiev, Vorobyev or Vorobyova. It is unclear which person is honoured. But several plants such as Ligularia vorobievii have been named after him.[13]

It was first published and described by N. S. Pavlova in 'Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal'nego Vostoka' (Sosudistye Rasteniia Soviet) Vol.2 page424 in 1987.[2][14]

Iris vorobievii has not yet been verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, as of 14 May 2015.

Iris vorobievii is not yet an accepted name by the RHS, as of 14 May 2015.

Distribution and habitat

It is native to central Asia, within Russia.[14]

Range

It is found in the Russian Federation, within Primorye,[10][5][3][15] or Primorsky Krai.[4][9]

Including, within the Ussair region (on the southern side of Amur River), [16] and it is also found growing beside Lake Lotos.[9]

It is also found in North-east China and Korea.[4][5][3]

Habitat

It grows on open grassy slopes,[4][3][5] in open glades of oak forests (with Quercus dentata),[9] and in meadows on river terraces.[3][5]

Conservation

It was listed as 'EN' (endangered),[12] in the |Red Data Book of Primorye.[6][15] It was originally (incorrectly) listed as 'Iris mandshurica', but in 1988, it was listed as Iris vorobievii, still as endangered.[3]

It was listed in the 14 May 2002, edition as endangered.[3]

It is protected due to the habitat suffering frequent fire destruction and human development activities.[3]

Cultivation

Iris vorobievii is difficult to cultivate, due to its short life.[5][6]

In 1974, it was tested for hardiness, at the Botanical Garden of Vladivostok in Russia. Although it was short lived there was well.[6]

Propagation

Similar to other iris species, Iris vorobievii can be propagated by division or by seed growing.[3][5]

The iris has a ground creeping rhizome that produces 2-3 branches, but unlike other species, they do not mature and the plant soon dies after flowering.[6][3]

It can also produce seed, but in very small quantities.[6] the seeds are dispersed a short distance away from the parent plant. But it may also be dispersed by ants.[5]

Hybrids and Cultivars

None are known due to it being short lived.[4][6]

References

  1. ^ "Iris vorobievii N.S.Pavlova is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 5 (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Pries, Bob (13 January 2015). "(SPEC) Iris vorobievii Pavlova". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 29 April 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 7 (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Pavlova, N.S. (monocotyledonae)/27.iris vorobievii/iris vorobievii.html "Iris vorobievii". lib.dvfu.ru. Retrieved 11 May 2015. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Irises Psammiris". flower.onego.ru. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Artyukova, Elena; Kozyrenko, Marina; Koren, Olga; Kholina, Alla; Nakonechnaya, Olga; Zhuravlev, Yuri (14 March 2012). "18". In Çalişkan, Mahmut (ed.). Environmental Sciences  "Genetic Diversity in Plants" (PDF) (published 2012). ISBN 978-953-51-0185-7. {{cite book}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 23 (help)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "The exhibition "Iris Russia"". flower-iris.ru. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  7. ^ a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN 0881927309.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference efloras was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b c d e Chepinoga, Victor V.; Gnutikov, Aleksandr A.; Enushchenko, Ilya V.; Chepinoga, Anastasya V. (November 2008). Marhold, Karol (ed.). "IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 6" (PDF). Taxon. 57 (4): 1267–1273. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  10. ^ a b Kozyrenko, M.M.; Elena Artyukova, E.V.; Zhuravlev, Y.N. (November 2009). "Independent species status of Iris vorobievii NS Pavlova, Iris mandshurica Maxim., and Iris humilis Georgi (Iridaceae): Evidence from the nuclear and chloroplast genomes". Russian Journal of Genetics. 45 (11): 1394-1402. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  11. ^ Kozyrenko, M.M.; Artiukova, E.V.; Zhuravlev, I.N. (November 2009). "Independent species status of Iris vorobievii N.S. Pavlova, Iris mandshurica Maxim., and Iris humilis Georgi (Iridaceae): evidence from the nuclear and chloroplast genomes". Genetika. 45 (11): 1575–1584. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  12. ^ a b "Iris Vorobyov". humangarden.ru. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  13. ^ Sudenius, Jonna. "Photo of the entire plant of Leopard Plant (Ligularia vorobievii)". allthingsplants.com. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  14. ^ a b "Iridaceae Iris vorobievii N.S.Pavlova". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 29 April 2015.
  15. ^ a b "The Decision May 14, 2002 N 272". zooclub.ru. Retrieved 18 May 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 13 (help)
  16. ^ Jirí Kolbek, Miroslav Srutek and Elgene E. O. Box Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia, p. 77, at Google Books

Other sources

  • Kharkevich, Katchura, 1989

Media related to Iris vorobievii at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Iris vorobievii at Wikispecies

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iris_vorobievii&oldid=663275850"