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Self-publishing is the publication of any book or other media by the author of the work, without the involvement of an established third-party publisher. A self-published physical book is said to be privately printed. The author is responsible for and in control of the entire process, including, in the case of a book, the design of the cover and interior, formats, price, distribution, marketing and public relations. The authors can do it all themselves or outsource all or part of the process to companies that offer these services.

Self-publishing is not limited to physical books. Ebooks, pamphlets, sales brochures, websites, and other materials are commonly self-published.

Business aspects

The key distinguishing characteristic of self-publishing is that the author has decided to publish his or her work independent of a publishing house. In the past, self-published authors had to spend considerable amounts of money preparing a book for publication, purchasing bulk copies of their title, and finding a place to store their inventory. Print-On-Demand and e-book technology have allowed authors to have a book printed or digitally delivered only when an order has been placed.

In 2008, for the first time in history, more books were self-published than those published traditionally. In 2009, 76% of all books released were self-published, while publishing houses reduced the number of books they produced.^[1] According to Robert Kroese, "the average return of the self-published book is £500".^[2]

Technological advances:

Online retailing, wherein dominant players like Amazon.com have enticed readers away from bookstores into an online environment.
Print-On-Demand (POD) technology which can produce a quality product equal to those produced by traditional publishers – in the past, you could easily identify a self-published title because of its quality.
Technological advances with e-book readers and tablet computers that enhance readability and allow readers to "carry" numerous books in a concise, portable product.
Access to global distribution channels via online retailers.

Types of self-publishing

Unless a book is to be sold directly from the author to the public, an ISBN number is required to uniquely identify the title. ISBN is a global standard used for all titles worldwide. Most self-publishing companies either provide their own ISBN to a title or can provide direction;^[3] it may be in the best interest of the self-published author to retain ownership of ISBN and copyright instead of using a number owned by a vanity press.

Electronic (E-book) Publishing

There are a variety of E-book formats and tools that can be used to create them. Because it is possible to create E-books with no up-front or per-book costs, E-book publishing is an extremely popular option for self-publishers.

Print on Demand

Print-On-Demand (POD) publishing refers to the ability to print high-quality books as needed. For self-published books, this is often a more economical option than conducting a print run of hundreds or thousands of books. Many companies, such as Createspace (owned by Amazon.com), Lulu and iUniverse allow printing single books at per-book costs not much higher than those paid by publishing companies for large print runs.^[4]^[5]

Vanity publishing

Reputable publishing companies generally paid authors a percentage of sales, so it was in the company's interest to sign only authors whose books would sell well. It was extremely difficult for the typical unknown author to get a publishing contract under these circumstances, and many 'vanity publishers' sprang up to give these authors an alternative: essentially, they would publish any book in exchange for payment up front from the author.

Vanity publishing differs from self-publishing in that the author does not own the print run of finished books and is not in primary control of their distribution.

James D Macdonald at one time started a campaign of educating other writers about the problems of vanity publishers. As part of this campaign, he coined Yog's Law, which states "Money should flow toward the author." ^[6]

The line between vanity publishing and traditional publishing has, however, become increasingly blurred in the past few years. Currently there are several companies that offer digital and/or print publication with no up front cost. However, most of these companies also offer add-on services such as editing, marketing and cover design. Self-publishing companies that fit this model include CreateSpace (owned by Amazon.com), iUniverse, and Lulu. An author who simply hands his or her book over to one of these companies, expecting the company to make it a bestseller, would meet the previously established definition of vanity publishing, but it's unclear how many authors fit this description.^[7] Further blurring the distinction between self-publishing and traditional publishing was Penguin's purchase in 2012 of Author Solutions.^[8]

Increasingly, then, vanity publishing is being defined as a behavior rather than a set characteristic of certain companies or individuals, although there remain a handful of companies that clearly qualify as vanity publishers. These are companies that offer the cachet of being published and make the majority of their income on fees for intangible services paid for by the author, rather than sales revenue.

Self-published best-sellers

Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy (1759–67) was self-published.^[9]
Franklin Hiram King's book Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea, and Japan was self-published in 1911, and subsequently published commercially by Jonathan Cape in 1927, later by Dover Publications and has gone on to become an agricultural classic text.^[10]
Between the Acts (1941), Virginia Woolf's final novel, was self-published by her Hogarth Press.^[9]
Ezra Pound sold A Lume Spento (With Tapers Quenched) (1908) for six pence each.^[9]
Eleven-year-old John Ruskin sold a book of poetry he self-published with his father.^[9]
Other authors who self-published include Jane Austen, Emily Dickinson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Martin Luther, Marcel Proust, Derek Walcott, and Walt Whitman.^[9]

Contemporary authors have also had self-published best-sellers.

James Altucher's Choose Yourself (2013) sold 44,294 copies in its first month, debuted at #1 on Amazon's top non-fiction list, and is a Wall Street Journal bestseller.^[11]

Title	Author	Notes
Golden Handcuffs^[12]	Courtney, Polly
The Celestine Prophecy^[12]	Redfield, James
Shadowmancer^[12]	Taylor, G. P.	Later published by Faber & Faber
The Shack	Young, William P.	First million copies published by Windblown Media; subsequently on New York Times best seller list.^[13]

Notes

^ Publishers Weekly (4 April 2010). "Self-Published Titles Topped 764,000 in 2009 as Traditional Output Dipped". Retrieved 31 October 2011.
^ Robert Kroese. Self-Publish Your Novel: Lessons from an Indie Publishing Success Story.
^ http://www.isbn-us.com/blog/2014/03/12/isbn-information-frequently-asked-questions/
^ RICH, MOTOKO (28 February 2010). "Math of Publishing Meets the E-Book". New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
^ Rosenthal, Morris. "Print on Demand Publishing". Retrieved 9 May 2013.
^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Macdonald
^ Neuburger, Jeffrey D. (10 September 2008). "Court Rules Print-on-Demand Service Not Liable for Defamation". Retrieved 31 October 2011.
^ Greenfield, Jeremy (19 July 2012). "Penguin Buys Self-Publishing Platform Author Solutions for $116 Million". {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Christina Patterson (18 August 2012). "How the great writers published themselves". The Independent. London. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
^ Paull, John (2011). "The making of an agricultural classic: Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan, 1911–2011". Agricultural Sciences. 2 (3): 175–180. doi:10.4236/as.2011.23024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ "How To Self-Publish A Bestseller: Publishing 3.0".
^ ^a ^b ^c Brown, Helen (8 January 2010). "Unleash your inner novelist". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 16 September 2011. Polly Courtney [...] made money self-publishing her novel, Golden Handcuffs, in 2006. [...] Courtney now has a three-book deal with HarperCollins [...]
^ Rich, Motoko (24 June 2008). "Christian Novel Is Surprise Best Seller". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 June 2008.

External links

Self-publishing at Curlie

[Jim_Milliot-1] Publishers Weekly (4 April 2010). "Self-Published Titles Topped 764,000 in 2009 as Traditional Output Dipped". Retrieved 31 October 2011.

[2] Robert Kroese. Self-Publish Your Novel: Lessons from an Indie Publishing Success Story.

[3] ttp://www.isbn-us.com/blog/2014/03/12/isbn-information-frequently-asked-questions/

[4] RICH, MOTOKO (28 February 2010). "Math of Publishing Meets the E-Book". New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2013.

[5] Rosenthal, Morris. "Print on Demand Publishing". Retrieved 9 May 2013.

[6] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Macdonald

[7] Neuburger, Jeffrey D. (10 September 2008). "Court Rules Print-on-Demand Service Not Liable for Defamation". Retrieved 31 October 2011.

[8] Greenfield, Jeremy (19 July 2012). "Penguin Buys Self-Publishing Platform Author Solutions for $116 Million". {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

[patterson-9] Christina Patterson (18 August 2012). "How the great writers published themselves". The Independent. London. Retrieved 17 August 2012.

[10] Paull, John (2011). "The making of an agricultural classic: Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan, 1911–2011". Agricultural Sciences. 2 (3): 175–180. doi:10.4236/as.2011.23024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[11] "How To Self-Publish A Bestseller: Publishing 3.0".

[telegraph_unleash_inner_novelist-12] Brown, Helen (8 January 2010). "Unleash your inner novelist". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 16 September 2011. Polly Courtney [...] made money self-publishing her novel, Golden Handcuffs, in 2006. [...] Courtney now has a three-book deal with HarperCollins [...]

[13] Rich, Motoko (24 June 2008). "Christian Novel Is Surprise Best Seller". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 June 2008.

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@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 In 2008, for the first time in history, more books were self-published than those published traditionally. In 2009, 76% of all books released were self-published, while publishing houses reduced the number of books they produced.<ref name="Jim Milliot">{{cite news|last=Publishers Weekly|title=Self-Published Titles Topped 764,000 in 2009 as Traditional Output Dipped|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publishing-and-marketing/article/42826-self-published-titles-topped-764-000-in-2009-as-traditional-output-dipped.html|accessdate=31 October 2011|date=4 April 2010}}</ref> According to Robert Kroese, "the average return of the self-published book is £500".<ref>{{cite book |title=Self-Publish Your Novel: Lessons from an Indie Publishing Success Story |author=Robert Kroese |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/how-the-great-writers-published-themselves-8053570.html }}</ref>
-Technological advances have enabled this growth:{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}
+Technological advances:
 * [[Online retailing]], wherein dominant players like [[Amazon.com]] have enticed readers away from bookstores into an online environment.
-* [[Print-On-Demand]] (POD) technology which can produce a quality product equal to those produced by traditional publishers – in the past, you could easily identify a self-published title because of its quality.
+* Print-On-Demand (POD) technology which can produce a quality product equal to those produced by traditional publishers – in the past, you could easily identify a self-published title because of its quality.
 * Technological advances with [[e-book reader]]s and [[tablet computer]]s that enhance readability and allow readers to "carry" numerous books in a concise, portable product.
 * Access to global distribution channels via online retailers.
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 === Electronic (E-book) Publishing ===
 {{Main|E-book}}
-There are a variety of E-book formats and tools that can be used to create them. The most popular formats are [[EPUB|epub]], .mobi, [[PDF]], [[HTML]], and Amazon's [[.azw]] format.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble, Kobo, and Smashwords all offer online tools for creating and converting files from other formats to formats that can be sold on their websites.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} Because it is possible to create E-books with no up-front or per-book costs, E-book publishing is an extremely popular option for self-publishers. Some recent bestsellers, such as [[Hugh Howey]]'s [[Wool (series)|Wool series]] and Andy Weir's [[The Martian (Weir novel)|The Martian]]<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Martian_%28Weir_novel%29</ref> began as digital-only books.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}
+There are a variety of E-book formats and tools that can be used to create them. Because it is possible to create E-books with no up-front or per-book costs, E-book publishing is an extremely popular option for self-publishers.
 === Print on Demand ===
 {{Main|Print-On-Demand}}
-Print-On-Demand (POD) publishing refers to the ability to print high-quality books as needed. For self-published books, this is often a more economical option than conducting a print run of hundreds or thousands of books. Many companies, such as Createspace (owned by Amazon.com), Lulu and iUniverse allow printing single books at per-book costs not much higher than those paid by publishing companies for large print runs.<ref>{{cite news|last=RICH|first=MOTOKO|title=Math of Publishing Meets the E-Book|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/business/media/01ebooks.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=9 May 2013|date=28 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rosenthal|first=Morris|title=Print on Demand Publishing|url=http://www.fonerbooks.com/pod.htm|accessdate=9 May 2013}}</ref> Most POD companies also offer distribution through Amazon.com and other online and brick-and-mortar retailers, most often as "special order" or "web-only" as retail outlets are usually unwilling to stock physical books that cannot be returned if they do not sell.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}
+Print-On-Demand (POD) publishing refers to the ability to print high-quality books as needed. For self-published books, this is often a more economical option than conducting a print run of hundreds or thousands of books. Many companies, such as Createspace (owned by Amazon.com), Lulu and iUniverse allow printing single books at per-book costs not much higher than those paid by publishing companies for large print runs.<ref>{{cite news|last=RICH|first=MOTOKO|title=Math of Publishing Meets the E-Book|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/01/business/media/01ebooks.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=9 May 2013|date=28 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rosenthal|first=Morris|title=Print on Demand Publishing|url=http://www.fonerbooks.com/pod.htm|accessdate=9 May 2013}}</ref>
 === Vanity publishing ===
 {{Main|Vanity press}}
-The term 'vanity publishing' originated at a time when the only way for an author to get a book published was to sign a contract with a publishing company.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} Reputable publishing companies generally paid authors a percentage of sales, so it was in the company's interest to sign only authors whose books would sell well. It was extremely difficult for the typical unknown author to get a publishing contract under these circumstances, and many 'vanity publishers' sprang up to give these authors an alternative: essentially, they would publish any book in exchange for payment up front from the author. The term "vanity publishing" arose from the common perception that the authors who paid for such services were motivated by an exaggerated sense of their own talent.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}
+Reputable publishing companies generally paid authors a percentage of sales, so it was in the company's interest to sign only authors whose books would sell well. It was extremely difficult for the typical unknown author to get a publishing contract under these circumstances, and many 'vanity publishers' sprang up to give these authors an alternative: essentially, they would publish any book in exchange for payment up front from the author.
 Vanity publishing differs from self-publishing in that the author does not own the print run of finished books and is not in primary control of their distribution.
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 James D Macdonald at one time started a campaign of educating other writers about the problems of vanity publishers. As part of this campaign, he coined Yog's Law,  which states "Money should flow toward the author." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Macdonald</ref>
-The line between vanity publishing and traditional publishing has, however, become increasingly blurred in the past few years. Currently there are several companies that offer digital and/or print publication with no up front cost. However, most of these companies also offer add-on services such as editing, marketing and cover design. Self-publishing companies that fit this model include [[CreateSpace]] (owned by [[Amazon.com]]), [[iUniverse]], and [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]. An author who simply hands his or her book over to one of these companies, expecting the company to make it a bestseller, would meet the previously established definition of vanity publishing, but it's unclear how many authors fit this description.<ref>{{cite news|last=Neuburger|first=Jeffrey D.|title=Court Rules Print-on-Demand Service Not Liable for Defamation|url=http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2008/09/court-rules-print-on-demand-service-not-liable-for-defamation254.html|accessdate=31 October 2011|date=10 September 2008}}</ref> Further blurring the distinction between self-publishing and traditional publishing was [[Penguin Books|Penguin]]'s purchase in 2012 of [[Author Solutions]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Greenfield|first=Jeremy|title=Penguin Buys Self-Publishing Platform Author Solutions for $116 Million|url=http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2012/penguin-buys-self-publishing-platform-author-solutions-for-116-million/||date=19 July 2012}}</ref>
+The line between vanity publishing and traditional publishing has, however, become increasingly blurred in the past few years. Currently there are several companies that offer digital and/or print publication with no up front cost. However, most of these companies also offer add-on services such as editing, marketing and cover design. Self-publishing companies that fit this model include [[CreateSpace]] (owned by Amazon.com), [[iUniverse]], and [[Lulu (company)|Lulu]]. An author who simply hands his or her book over to one of these companies, expecting the company to make it a bestseller, would meet the previously established definition of vanity publishing, but it's unclear how many authors fit this description.<ref>{{cite news|last=Neuburger|first=Jeffrey D.|title=Court Rules Print-on-Demand Service Not Liable for Defamation|url=http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2008/09/court-rules-print-on-demand-service-not-liable-for-defamation254.html|accessdate=31 October 2011|date=10 September 2008}}</ref> Further blurring the distinction between self-publishing and traditional publishing was [[Penguin Books|Penguin]]'s purchase in 2012 of [[Author Solutions]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Greenfield|first=Jeremy|title=Penguin Buys Self-Publishing Platform Author Solutions for $116 Million|url=http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2012/penguin-buys-self-publishing-platform-author-solutions-for-116-million/||date=19 July 2012}}</ref>
-Increasingly, then, vanity publishing is being defined as a behavior rather than a set characteristic of certain companies or individuals, although there remain a handful of companies that clearly qualify as vanity publishers. These are companies that offer the cachet of being published and make the majority of their income on fees for intangible services paid for by the author, rather than sales revenue. These companies are also known as [[joint venture]] or [[subsidy]] presses.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}
+Increasingly, then, vanity publishing is being defined as a behavior rather than a set characteristic of certain companies or individuals, although there remain a handful of companies that clearly qualify as vanity publishers. These are companies that offer the cachet of being published and make the majority of their income on fees for intangible services paid for by the author, rather than sales revenue.
 ==Self-published best-sellers==
-{{Refimprove section|date=May 2008}}
 * [[Laurence Sterne]]'s ''[[Tristram Shandy]]'' (1759–67) was self-published.<ref name=patterson>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/how-the-great-writers-published-themselves-8053570.html |title=How the great writers published themselves |author=Christina Patterson |work=The Independent |date=18 August 2012 |accessdate=17 August 2012 |location=London}}</ref>
 *[[Franklin Hiram King]]'s book ''[[Farmers of Forty Centuries|Farmers of Forty Centuries, or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea, and Japan]]'' was self-published in 1911, and subsequently published commercially by [[Jonathan Cape]] in 1927, later  by [[Dover Publications]] and has gone on to become an agricultural classic text.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Paull, John |year=2011|url=http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=6685 |title=The making of an agricultural classic: Farmers of Forty Centuries or Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan, 1911–2011|journal=Agricultural Sciences|volume=2|issue=3|pages= 175–180|doi=10.4236/as.2011.23024}}</ref>
@@ Line 49: / Line 48: @@
 * Other authors who self-published include [[Jane Austen]], [[Emily Dickinson]], [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], [[Martin Luther]], [[Marcel Proust]], [[Derek Walcott]], and  [[Walt Whitman]].<ref name=patterson/>
-Contemporary authors have also self-published.
+Contemporary authors have also had self-published best-sellers.
 *[[James Altucher]]'s ''[[Choose Yourself]]'' (2013) sold 44,294 copies in its first month, debuted at #1 on Amazon's top non-fiction list, and  is a ''Wall Street Journal'' bestseller.<ref>{{cite web|title=How To Self-Publish A Bestseller: Publishing 3.0|url=http://techcrunch.com/2013/07/20/how-to-self-publish-a-bestseller-publishing-3-0/}}</ref>
-* [[Robert Bausch]]'s "In the Fall They come Back" and "The Legend of Jesse Smoke" were self-published.<ref>http://lareviewofbooks.org/essay/another-100000-galleys</ref>
-* [[J. K. Rowling]] sold the e-book versions of the [[Harry Potter]] series directly from her website, [[Pottermore]].<ref name="Alison Flood">{{cite news|last=The Guardian|title=Pottermore conjures Harry Potter ebooks|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/mar/27/pottermore-harry-potter-ebooks|accessdate=9 August 2012|date=27 March 2012|location=London}}</ref>
-* Andy Weir's [[The_Martian_%28Weir_novel%29|The Martian]]<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Martian_%28Weir_novel%29</ref> was originally self-published.
+<small></small><small></small><small></small><small></small><small></small><small></small>
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
 |-
 ! Title !! Author !! Notes
 |-
+| ''Golden Handcuffs''<ref name="telegraph unleash inner novelist">{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/6946979/Unleash-your-inner-novelist.html | title=Unleash your inner novelist | work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | date=2010-01-08 | accessdate=September 16, 2011 | author=Brown, Helen | location=London | quote=Polly Courtney [...] made money self-publishing her novel, Golden Handcuffs, in 2006. [...] Courtney now has a three-book deal with HarperCollins [...]}}</ref> || [[Polly Courtney|Courtney, Polly]]||
-| ''[[What Color is Your Parachute?]]'' || [[Richard Nelson Bolles|Bolles, Richard Nelson]] || <small>Later published by [[Ten Speed Press]]</small>
 |-
-| ''[[Chicken Soup for the Soul]]'' || [[Jack Canfield|Canfield, Jack]] || <small>With Hansen, Mark Victor, co-author</small>
+| ''[[The Celestine Prophecy]]''<ref name="telegraph unleash inner novelist" /> || [[James Redfield|Redfield, James]] || <small></small>
 |-
+| ''[[Shadowmancer]]''<ref name="telegraph unleash inner novelist" /> || Taylor, G. P. || <small>Later published by Faber & Faber</small>
-| ''Golden Handcuffs'' || [[Polly Courtney|Courtney, Polly]]|| <ref name="telegraph unleash inner novelist">{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/6946979/Unleash-your-inner-novelist.html | title=Unleash your inner novelist | work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] | date=2010-01-08 | accessdate=September 16, 2011 | author=Brown, Helen | location=London | quote=Polly Courtney [...] made money self-publishing her novel, Golden Handcuffs, in 2006. [...] Courtney now has a three-book deal with HarperCollins [...]}}</ref>
 |-
-| ''[[The Christmas Box]]'' || [[Richard Paul Evans|Evans, Richard Paul]] || <small></small>
-|-
-| ''[[Spartacus (Fast novel)|Spartacus]]'' || [[Howard Fast|Fast, Howard]] || <small>During the McCarthy era when Fast was rejected by previous large scale publishers</small>
-|-
-| ''Invisible Life'' || [[E. Lynn Harris|Harris, E. Lynn]] || <small></small>
-|-
-| ''[[Eragon]]'' || [[Christopher Paolini|Paolini, Christopher]] || <ref name="teenreads">{{cite news|url=http://www.teenreads.com/authors/au-paolini-christopher.asp|title=Christopher Paolini interview|last=Saichek|first=Wiley |date=September 2003|publisher=Teenreads.com|accessdate=2009-01-31}}</ref> <small>Later published by [[Alfred A. Knopf|Knopf]]</small>
-|-
-| ''[[In Search of Excellence]]'' || [[Tom Peters|Peters, Tom]] || <small></small>
-|-
-| ''[[Elfquest]]'' || [[Wendy and Richard Pini|Pini, Wendy and Richard]] || <ref name="test">[http://www.elfquest.com/about/AboutWarp.html Elfquest.com]</ref>
-|-
-| ''[[The Celestine Prophecy]]'' || [[James Redfield|Redfield, James]] || <small></small>
-|-
-| ''[[The Joy of Cooking]]'' || [[Irma S. Rombauer|Rombauer, Irma S.]] || <small></small>
-|-
-| ''A Choice, Not An Echo'' || [[Phyllis Schlafly|Schlafly, Phyllis]] || <ref>{{cite book | last = Lane | first = Frederick S.| title = The Decency Wars: The Campaign to Cleanse American Culture| publisher = Prometheus Books | year = 2006 | location = [[Amherst, New York]] | pages = 99| url = http://www.fredericklane.com/the-decency-wars-the-campaign-to-cleanse-american-culture/ | isbn = 1-59102-427-7}}</ref>
-|-
-| ''[[Shadowmancer]]'' || Taylor, G. P. || <small>Later published by Faber & Faber</small>
-|-
-| ''The Visual Display of Quantitative Information'' || [[Edward Tufte|Tufte, Edward]] || <small></small>
-|-
-| ''[[Poems in Prose (Wilde)|Poems in Prose]]'' || [[Oscar Wilde|Wilde, Oscar]] || <small></small>
-|-
-| ''[[The Wonderful Wizard of Oz]]'' || [[L. Frank Baum|Baum, L. Frank]] || <small>Later published By Reilly & Lee</small>
-|-
-|-
-| ''[[Wool (series)|Wool]]'' || [[Hugh Howey|Howey, Hugh]] || <small>Later published By Simon and Schuster</small>
 |-
 |-
 | ''[[The Shack]]'' || [[William P. Young|Young, William P.]] || <small>First million copies published by Windblown Media; subsequently on ''New York Times'' best seller list.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/24/books/24shack.html?em&ex=1214452800&en=40f16df7490a912f&ei=5070|title=Christian Novel Is Surprise Best Seller|last=Rich|first=Motoko|date=2008-06-24|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=2008-06-24}}</ref></small>
 |}
-== Self-publishing in music and in other media ==
-{{See also|Release (music)}}
-{{unreferenced section|date=May 2014}}
-Musical performers often self-publish, or "self-release" their recordings without having access to [[record label]] resources. While some acts who enjoy local or small scale popularity have started their own labels in order to release their music through stores, others simply sell the music directly to customers, for example, making it available to those at their live concerts.
-In the years since the Internet became prominent as a medium for publicizing and distributing music, many musical acts have sold their recordings directly over the Internet without a label, either through their own websites or from third party websites. In some cases the sale takes the form of a physical CD or LP that is shipped to customers, while more sales today are beginning to take the form of downloads. Several musicians who first found prominence recording for record labels have recently attracted wide attention for self-releasing records online, among them  [[A Day to Remember]], [[Brian Eno]], [[Frank Ocean]], [[Nine Inch Nails]], and [[Radiohead]].
 ==See also==