Leopold Trattinnick: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Leopold Trattinnick.jpg|thumb|Austrian Botanist (1764-1849)]] |
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| name = Leopold Trattinnick |
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| image = Leopold Trattinnick.jpg |
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| birth_date = 26 May 1764 |
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| birth_place = [[Klosterneuburg]], [[Austria]] |
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| death_date = 24 January1849 |
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| death_place = [[Vienna]] |
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| residence = |
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| citizenship = |
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| nationality = [[Austria|Austrian]] |
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| ethnicity = |
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| religion = [[Catholic]]<ref name=deutsche>{{cite web |first=Ernst |last=Wunschmann |title=Trattinick, Leopold |date=1894 |url=http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/ppn117422657.html?anchor=adb |
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|publisher=deutsche-biographie.de (General German Biography) |accessdate=24 March 2014}}</ref> |
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| fields = [[Botany]] |
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| workplaces = |
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| doctoral_advisor = |
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| doctoral_students = |
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| notable_students = |
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| known_for = [[Linnaean taxonomy|Taxonomy]]<br />[[Botany]] |
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| author_abbrev_bot = Tratt. |
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| influences = |
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| influenced = |
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''' Leopold Trattinnick''' (born on 26 May 1764 in Klosterneuburg, died on 24 January 1849 in Vienna) was an Austrian botanist and mycologist . He was for a long time curator of the Royal Natural History collections in Vienna. He published several [[mycological]] and other botanical works. Most of these works were illustrated with engravings and many of them were hand-coloured (pre-colour printing). He als gave this out collections of wax replicas described species of fungi and later sponges. |
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==Biography== |
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Leopold Trattinnick was an important Austrian botanist who worked in the early |
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Leopold Trattinnick, was born on 26 May 1764, near Vienna to a wealthy and influential family. |
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He originally began to study law but his interests in nature grew and he started studying Science and divided his time amongst the fields of [[entomology]], [[mineralogy]] and [[botany]]. <ref name=geranium>{{cite web |first=Wayne L. |last=Handlos, (Ph.D.) |title=Leopold Trattinnick |url=http://www.geraniumsonline.com/trattinick.htm |publisher=geraniumsonline.com |accessdate=28 January 2015 }}</ref> His main area of Interest was mycology and [[spermatophyte]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trattinnick, Leopold (1764-1849)| url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idAuthorSearch.do?id=10793-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=29 September 2014}}</ref> |
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1800’s. While most “pelargonistes” have never seen or heard his name, he was a |
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In 1797, he published 'Anleitung zur Cultur der ächten Baumwolle in Österreich' (translated as 'Introduction to the culture of true cotton in Austria'). His first botanical publication. This was followed by 'Genera Plantarum Methodo Naturali Disposita', in 1802, which was a proposal for a natural arrangement of some plant genera.<ref name=geranium/> |
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major contributor to the literature of Pelargonium in the early decades of the 19th |
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Between 1804-1806, he published several works about mushrooms ([[mycology]]), including 'Fungi Austriaci'. He also staged an exhibition with [[wax]] sculpted mushroom replicas, called the 'Mycological Cabinet'.<ref name=specula>{{cite web |title=Property of the month |date=November 1999 |url=http://www.specula.at/adv/monat_9911.htm |publisher=specula.at |accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> A second collection (with [[edible sponges]]) was made in 1830.<ref name=deutsche/> The Mycological Cabinet is numbered with Arabic numerals (1-42), in the second collection of sponges is number with letters (A-FF).<ref name=specula/> In 1809, he published 'The edible sponges of th Empire of Austria'. <ref name=specula/> Several places still have these wax collections including, the 'Museo Civico di storia naturale' in [[Trieste]], Italy (only up to no. 18), the portrait collection of the National Library in Vienna (has wax models from both series), the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna (has wax models from both series) and the 'Department of Botany' of the [[Hungarian National Museum]] in [[Budapest]].<ref name=specula> |
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century. At most, his name is mentioned in very few of the books on Geranium and |
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Between 1805-1819, 7 Volumes of 'Thesaurus botanicus' was published with botanical Illustrations (which include works from [[Ignace Strenzel]] (or Ignaz Stremel) (professor at the Vienna Academy, 1786-1832), [[Franz Reinelli]] (a flower specialist at the Royal Vienna porcelain works, 1785-1812) and Johann Buchberger) from Vienna.<ref> Stanley H. Johnston (Holden Arboretum) {{Google books |ff5tJ4EfHhMC| The Cleveland Herbal, Botanical, and Horticultural Collections: A descriptive Bibliography of Pre-1830 Works from the Libraries of the Holden Arboretum, the Cleveland Medical Library Association, and the Garden Centre of Greater Cleveland|pages=927-928}}</ref> It contained 80 plates.<ref name=geranium/><ref name=giardino>{{cite web |first=Rossella |last=Sleiter |title=The rose that conquered empires |url=http://www.giardinoweb.altervista.org/storia-della-rosacoltivazionenovita/la-rosa-che-conquisto-gli-imperi/ |publisher=giardinoweb.altervista.org |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref> |
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Pelargonium in the 20th or 21st century. So, who is this person? |
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He did not have an official botanical position until 1806 when he became the “Landschafts-Phytographen von Niederösterreich”,(need translation)<ref name=geranium/><ref name=specula/> |
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Leopold Trattinnick (his last name is sometimes spelled with only one ’n’) was born |
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In 1809, the Kaiser of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, [[Emperor Francis I]], appointed him “Kustos des K.k. Hof- Naturalienkabinetts” (which translated means 'Custodian of the Royal Natural History Collections'). He held this position until 1835/36.<ref name=geranium/> 'Kaiserlichen Hof-Naturalienkabinett' is now the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien in Vienna. |
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near [[Vienna]] (in [[Klosterneuburgon]]) May 26, 1764 to a wealthy and influential family. He was destined |
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While being a curator, he organised the of specimens of various plant generas including, ''[[Theophrasta]]'', ''[[Sophora]]'', ''[[Hermannia]]'' and ''[[Psoralea]]''. Collected by [[Joseph Franz Von Jacquin]] and [[Christa Riedl-Dorn]]. <ref>{{cite journal |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=8 July 1988 |title=Zum Problem der Lectotypifizierung nach lebenden Pflanzen beschriebener Arten bei NIKOLAUS JOSEPH VON JACQUIN Von CHRISTA RIEDL-DORN |url=http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/ANNA_90B_0009-0015.pdf |journal=Ann. Natur hist. Mus. |publisher= landesmuseum.at |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> |
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to study law but his interests in nature were honored and he studied science and divided |
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Between 1811-1818, he published 'Archiv der Gewächskunde' (Archives of the greenhouse Customer). This two volume work included 250 engravings of plants.<ref name=geranium/><ref name=deutsche/> The copper plates included domestic and foreign plants in any order. It was not a popular piece of work as it had many copies of current illustrations.<ref name=deutsche/> |
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his time amongst the fields of entomology, mineralogy and botany. Ultimately |
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Between 1811-1816, he published "Observationes botanicae" (in 4 Fascimila). Another piece of work with very low sales.<ref name=deutsche/> |
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the plant world won out and his publications were primarily on fungi and |
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Between 1812-1818, he published 'Arch Gewächsk' (Archiv der Gewächskunde) Wein.<ref> T. G. Tutin, N. A. Burges, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters and D. A. Webb (Editors){{Google books |7-b0l5BKyWUC|Flora Europaea: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae|page=411}}</ref> |
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flowering plants. He did not have an official position until 1806 when he became |
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Between 1812-1822, he published 'Auswahl vorzüglich schöner, seltener, berühmter, und sonst sehr merkwürdiger Gartenpflanzen, in getreuen Abbildungen nebst Erläuterungen über ihre Charakteristik, Verwandschaft, Klassification, Geschichte, Verwendung, Cultur, und ästhetischen Ansichten' (translation: Selection of exquisitely beautiful, rare, famous and otherwise very strange garden plants, in faithful pictures together with explanations of their characteristics, relationships/ kinship, classification, history, use, culture and aesthetic properties). It included 219 engraved plates, 218 of them hand-coloured. A set sold in 1999 for £9,775<ref name=geranium/> need another ref |
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the “Landschafts-Phytographen von Niederösterreich”. In 1809 the Kaiser of the |
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In 18 ??, Trattinick published and described ''[[Coleanthus subtilis]]''. Specimens of this taxon were sent to Trattinick by [[Count Leopold Berchtold|Count Berchtold]].<ref name=Preslia>{{cite web |first=Jan |last=Kirschner |first2=Lída |last2=Kirschnerová |first3+Jan |last3=Štěpánek |title Preslia 79: 323–365, 2007 |title=Generally accepted plant names based on material from the Czech Republic and published in 1753–1820 |date=2007 |url=http://www.preslia.cz/P074Kir.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=preslia.cz |accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> need date |
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Austro-Hungarian Empire, Francis I, appointed him “Kustos des K.k. Hof- |
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In 1812, all known species were grouped in the genus ''[[Hosta]]'' by Trattinnick, and named in honour of his fellow Austrian [[Nicholas Thomas Host]] (1761-1834, who was a botanist and physician at the court of Emperor Frances I of Austria). <ref name=hosta>{{cite web |title=history |url=http://www.hostamill.be/ENG/ENGGeneral/ENGHGHistory.htm |publisher=hostamill.be |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref> It was first thought that the name was invalid, as a ''[[Verbena]]'' (now known as ''[[[Cornutia]]'') already was using the name 'Hosta', but [[Linnaeus]] then re-classified the plant as a 'Verbena'. In 1905, the International Botanical Congress voted that the name 'Hosta' could be used.<ref> Diana Wells {{Google books|be1dPv97Au0C|100 Flowers and How They Got Their Names|page=96}}</ref> |
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Naturalienkabinetts” (translation—Custodian of the Royal Natural History Collections). |
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Between 1816-1822 he published two volumes of the 'Flora der Oesterreichischen Kaiserthumes' (Flora of the Austrian Empire), but the complete work was never finished. The illustrations were taken from his Archiv. The text is partially filled with poetic verse as well as botanical observations.<ref name=geranium/><ref name=deutsche/> |
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He held this position until 1835/36. He died on January 14, 1849 at the age |
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In 1819, he published 'Oesterreichischer Blumenkranz', (need translation) It was described as “no botany in verse, but pure botanical poetry, representing the work of the important Austrian botanist; 200 plants from the white lily to the sharp stonecrop poetically imagined”.<ref name=geranium/> |
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of 84. Through the years he oversaw the publication of several “sumptuous” works |
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In 1821, he published 'Botanisches Taschenbuch oder Conservatorium aller Resultate Ideen und Ansichten aus dem ganzen Umfange der Gewächskunde', Vienna, (translated as Botanical notebook or conservatory of all resulting ideas and views from the whole range of botany).<ref name=geranium/> It did not sell very well and only 1 volume was published.<ref name=deutsche/> |
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in the field of botany. Most of these works were illustrated with fine engravings and |
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In 1823, Trattinick changed the name of a species of rose. It was originally named ''Rosa microphylla'' by [[Dr. Wiliam Roxburgh]] (1751-1815) in 1820, because [[René Louiche Desfontaines]] had previously applied the name 'microphylla' to an unrelated European species in 1798. It became ''[[Rosa Roxburghii]]''. <ref name=giardino/><ref>{{cite web |The Chestnut Rose |url=http://www.southernedition.com/TheChestnutRose.html |publisher=southernedition.com |accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> Trattinick published this name change in 'Rosacearum monographia' page233 in 1823.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rosa microphylla |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/rjp-10178 |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]]) |accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> The 'Monograph of the Rose Family' covered generic and species descriptions of plants in the rose family, although it was not illustrated.<ref name=geranium/> |
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many of them were beautifully hand-colored (this being the era before color printing). |
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Between 1823-1824, 4 Volumes of ''Synodus botanica'' were published with illustrations or scientific drawings by 'Franz Nobleman Portenschlag-Ledermayer'.<ref>K. G. Saur Verlag GmbH & Company, Walter De Gruyter Incorporated {{Google books| JkoK_108xJkC |Plett – Schmidseder|page=43}}</ref> |
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Most of the illustrations were done by Franz Reinelli (a flower specialist at the |
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In 1825, Trattinnick published 'Genera Nova Plantarum Iconibus Observationibusque Illustrata', which appeared in 24 [[fascicles]]. The illustrations were not coloured but were very highly regarded.<ref name=geranium/> |
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Royal Vienna porcelain works) and Ignaz Stremel (professor at the Vienna Academy). |
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Between 1825-1834, 4 Volumes of 'Neue Arten von Pelargonien deutschen Urpsrunges' were published.<ref name=geranium/><ref name=Kasia> Kasia Bodd {{Google books|24eoWcnoyfcC|Geranium |page=71}}</ref> They described 400 hybrids of [[Pelargonium]]s (from Germany), all of which were named or re-named in [[Latin]].<ref> Anne Wilkinson {{Google books|6787AwAAQBAJ|The Passion for Pelargoniums: How They Found Their Place in the Garden|page=87}}</ref> Before 1843 he published 2 more volumes of the same title. Which included 264 illustrations, as a full page engraving which was hand-coloured. In his later publications, some of the plants were illustrated by single flowers and several |
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One of his first publications (in 1797) was Anleitung zur Cultur der ächten |
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plants were included on a page.<ref name=geranium/> |
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In 1826, as the curator of botany, Trattinick wrote in his annual report “The botanical heritage of Ferdinand Bauer, who died in Hietzing in March of this year, consisting of 113 small parcels of dried plants from New Holland, the Island of Timor, the Island of Norfolk, and the Cape of Good Hope, and of 1876 plates of drawings of the same (sketched in pencil ), which His Highest Imperial Majesty had purchased, has been handed over to me. K.K. Museum on the last of October 1926. Leopold Trattinick, Curator” (which as translated by Riedl-Dorn, in 1989) .<ref>{{cite web |title=Botanica, Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei s. 9, v. 11:201-244 |date=2000 |url=http://www.lincei.it/pubblicazioni/rendicontiFMN/rol/pdf/S2000-04-02.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=lincei.it |accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> |
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Baumwolle in Österreich (Introduction to the culture of true cotton in Austria). This |
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In 1828, Trattinick, on seeing [[Rafflesia]] (a species of parasitic flowering plant), wrote that the plant should be assigned to a special taxonomic category called vegetablische Verrucktheiten, or “vegetable craziness.”<ref>{{cite web |first=Edward S. |last=Ross |title=Rafflesia: The Super Flower |date=2003 |url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/calwild/2003summer/stories/rafflesia.html |publisher=researcharchive.calacademy.org |accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref> |
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was followed by Genera Plantarum Methodo Naturali Disposita, in 1802, which |
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Among all his varied publications, Trattinnick is credited with the original Latin descriptions of around 405 plant names.<ref name=geranium/> |
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was a proposal for a natural arrangement of some plant genera. From 1804-1806 he |
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A complete list of his publications can be found in 'Wurzbach's Encyclopedia' Vol. 46, in 1882.<ref name=deutsche/> |
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published Fungi Austriaci, Oesterreichs Schwämme, a volume |
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Although, some of his early publications can be found under the name "Leopold Trattinick" (with a single "n"). But in the 17th edition of the "Zander Hand dictionary of plant names", |
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with descriptions and illustrations of the fungi of Austria including their natural |
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it has the more accurate spelling "Trattinnick" (with double "n").<ref>{{cite book |first1=Walter |last1=Erhardt |first2=Erich |last2=Goetz |first3=Nils |last3=Bödeker |first4=Siegmund |last4=Seybold | date=2002 |edition=Revised |title=Zander Dictionary of Plant Names. 17th edition. |location=Stuttgart | publisher=Ulmer Verlag | isbn=3-8001-3573-6}}</ref> |
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In addition to his scientific published work, he maintained an avid correspondence with foreign and domestic trade scholars and other eminent men, which include [[Goethe]] and [[A. V. Humboldt]].<ref name=deutsche/> He was a frequent correspondant and friend of [[Franz Wilibald Schmidt]] (1764–1796).<ref name=Preslia/> He was a member of many learned societies and societies.<ref name=deutsche/> |
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history. This was followed in 1809, with a second edition in 1830, of Die |
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The Trattinick [[herbarium]] is preserved in Vienna.<ref name=Preslia/> |
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eßbaren Schwämme des Oesterreichischen Kaiserstaats (The edible mushrooms |
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{{botanist| Tratt. | Leopold Trattinnick |border=0}} |
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of the Austrian Empire). This volume is still available in a reprint edition. |
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==Honours== |
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In 1805 he began his Thesaurus Botanicus with a second edition in 1819. This |
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The plant genus ''Trattinnickia'' of the family ''[[Burseraceae]]'' was named by [[Carl Ludwig Willdenow]] was named after him. ''Burseraceae'' (contains many species of trees and shrubs), it includes sub tribes ''Protieae'', ''Bursereae'', and ''Canarieae''. ''Canarieae'' is composed of ''Canarium'' (75 species and largest in this tribe), ''Dacryodes'', ''Haplolobus'', ''Pseudodacryodes'', ''Rosselia'', ''Santiria'', ''Scutinanthe'', and ''Trattinnickia'' (with 26 species,<ref>{{cite web |title=26 plant name records match your search criteria Trattinnickia. The results are below. |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Trattinnickia |publisher=theplantlist.org ([[The Plant List]]) |accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref>)<ref name=geranium/><ref> Abraham Rees {{Google books|zvAI1TCXRKcC|The Cyclopædia: Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, Volume 36|page=148}}</ref> |
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In Klosterneuburg, (his birth town) in Lower Austria, there is a road, named after him.<ref>{{cite web |title=Road name: Leopold Trattinnick-alley, Klosterneuburg |url=http://klosterneuburg.stadtplanoesterreich.at/leopold-trattinnick-gasse/ |publisher=klosterneuburg.stadtplanoesterreich.at |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref> |
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work included 80 beautiful plates in a large format. |
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==Bibliography== |
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Between 1811 and 1818 his Archiv der Gewächskunde appeared. This two volume |
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* Guide to outlaw culture of cotton in Austria. Vienna 1797 |
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* Genera plantarum methodo naturali disposita. Vindobonae (Vienna) 1802 <ref>{{Google books|ercnAAAAYAAJ|Genera Plantarum Methodo Naturali Disposita}}</ref> |
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* Fungi Austriaci, iconibus illustrati. Vienna 1804-1806 <ref>{{Google books|k6QVAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> |
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* The edible sponges of the Austrian imperial state. 1809, 2nd ed. 1830 |
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* Archives of greenhouse customer. Vienna 1811-1818. |
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* Selection ... very strange garden plants. 1812-1822. |
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* Flora of the Austrian Kaiserthumes. 1816-1822. <ref>{{Google books|V6lNAAAAcAAJ|Flora des österreichischen Kaiserthumes}}</ref> |
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*Thesaurus botanicus .Vienna 1805, 2nd ed. 1819 <ref>{{Google books|tAxJAAAAcAAJ|Thesaurus botanicus}}</ref> |
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* Rosacearum Monographia. 1823-1824. (ISBN - 13: 9781275592025)<ref>{{Google books|_vQCAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rosacearum Monographia |url=http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/rosacearum-monographia/9781275592025-item.html |publisher=chapters.indigo.ca |accessdate= 24 March 2014}}</ref> |
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* Genera plantarum nova iconibus observationesque illustrata. Self-Verlag, 1825 (24 copper plates). |
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* New types of geraniums German origin. 1825-1843. |
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==References== |
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work included 250 engravings of plants. |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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Under the formidable title of: Auswahl vorzüglich schöner, seltener, berühmter, |
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*[http://www.iksea.com/c282650.html Has 2 illustrations of plants by Trattinnick] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT: Leopold Trattinnick }} |
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und sonst sehr merkwürdiger Gartenpflanzen, in getreuen Abbildungen nebst |
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{{Persondata |
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Erläuterungen über ihre Charakteristik, Verwandschaft, Klassification, |
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| NAME = Leopold Trattinnick |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Leopold Trattinick |
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Geschichte, Verwendung, Cultur, und ästhetischen Ansichten (translation: Selection |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Austrian Botanist |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 26 May 1764 |
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of exquisitely beautiful, rare, famous and otherwise very strange garden |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = Klosterneuburg, Austria |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 24 January 1849 |
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plants, in faithful pictures together with explanations of their characteristics, relationships/ |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = Vienna |
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}} |
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kinship, classification, history, use, culture and aesthetic properties); |
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[[Category:1764 births]] |
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this publication appeared between 1812 and 1822. It included 219 engraved |
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[[Category: Austrian academics]] |
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[[Category:Austrian botanists]] |
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plates, 218 of them hand-colored. A set sold in 1999 for £9,775! |
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[[Category:1849 deaths]] |
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From 1816 to 1822 he published two volumes of the Flora der Oesterreichischen |
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Kaiserthumes (Flora of the Austrian Empire), but the complete work |
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was never finished. The illustrations were taken from his Archiv. The text is |
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said to be filled with poetic as well as botanical observations. |
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In 1823-24 his Rosacearum Monographia (Monograph of the Rose Family) was |
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published. This covered generic and species descriptions of plants in the rose |
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family. It was not illustrated. |
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In 1825 Trattinnick published his Genera Nova Plantarum Iconibus Observationibusque |
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Illustrata, which appeared in 24 fascicles. The illustrations were not |
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colored but were very finely executed. |
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With this long introduction, establishing Trattinnick’s bona fides as a prolific |
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botanist, we get to the work that is of great interest to Pelargonium lovers. |
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P. circumscriptum |
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Between 1825 and 1843 he published six volumes describing and |
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illustrating 264“kinds” of Pelargonium. The title is normally cited as |
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Neue Arten von Pelargonien deutschen Ursprunges but the title page |
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continues als beytrag zu Robert Sweets Geraniaceen mit Abbildungen und Beschreibungen. |
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This translates as New kinds of Pelargoniums of German origin—as a contribution to Robert |
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Sweet’s Geraniaceae with illustrations and descriptions. Trattinnick was never at a loss for words |
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for his book titles |
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For each plant that Trattinnick included in this publication, he provided a description |
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in Latin, an extended description in German which included acknowledgement |
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of the person who supplied or hybridized the plant, the parentage of |
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the plant where known, cultural hints and the origin of the name of the plant. |
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Most were illustrated with a full page engraving which was hand-colored. In his |
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later publications, some of the plants were illustrated by single flowers and several |
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plants were included on a page. |
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For all practical purposes, the plants he named were either hybrids or mutations/ |
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sports of existing named plants. By current convention, his species names would |
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be preceded by an ’X’ indicating that the plant was of hybrid origin. I suspect |
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that Trattinnick has been largely ignored by the botanical community because he |
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was dealing with hybrids and not biological species, i.e., the plants as found in |
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nature. However, since most gardeners are not concerned with biological species |
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by rather with interesting varieties or cultivars of plants, Trattinnick’s publications |
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are a treasure trove of what was available in Europe in the first half of |
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the 19th century. Even more, he gives you an idea about the ancestry of these |
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new plants. |
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In addition, he included a key to all known Pelargoniums (some 700+ named |
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entities). Scattered throughout the volumes were garden calendars with suggestions |
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for what to do each month. There were also comments about the plants |
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being named by other botanists. |
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Much of the information in these volumes and many of the plants themselves, |
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were supplied by the German nurseryman, Jakob Klier. |
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Among his publications, Trattinnick is credited with the original Latin descriptions |
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of 405 plant names. The most well-known group of plants that he named is |
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the genus Hosta, the common garden perennial from Japan. Hosta was named in |
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honor of his contemporary and friend, Nicolaus Thomas Host (1761-1834). |
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Nicolaus Host was the personal physician to Francis I, Emperor of Austria; he |
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was appointed the first director of the Gardens for Austrian Plants at the Belvedere |
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Palace in Vienna. His primary plant interest was in the grasses. |
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The genus Trattinickia (Burseraceae) was named in honor of L. Trattinnick by |
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the famous German botanist, C.L. Willdenow. Willdenow is well-known as the |
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director of the Berlin Botanical Garden and his revision, expansion and updating |
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of Linnaeus’ famous work—Species Plantarum. |
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Two additional publications by Trattinnick have come to light while writing this |
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article. They are Botanisches Taschenbuch oder Conservatorium aller Resultate |
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Ideen und Ansichten aus dem ganzen Umfange der Gewächskunde, Vienna, 1821 |
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(translated as Botanical notebook or conservatory of all resulting ideas and views |
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from the whole range of botany) |
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and Oesterreichischer Blumenkranz, 1819 (described as “no botany in verse, but pure botanical poetry, representing |
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the work of the important Austrian botanist; 200 plants from the white lily to the sharp stonecrop |
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poetically imagined”. |
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died on 24. Januar 1849 in [[Wien]] |
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ref title=LEOPOLD TRATTINNICK BY WAYNE L. HANDLOS, Ph.D. url=http://www.geraniumsonline.com/trattinick.htm |
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External link |
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https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Trattinnick German wiki page |
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Revision as of 15:12, 25 March 2015
Leopold Trattinnick | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 26 May 1764 |
| Died | 24 January1849 |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Known for | Taxonomy Botany |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Botany |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Tratt. |
Leopold Trattinnick (born on 26 May 1764 in Klosterneuburg, died on 24 January 1849 in Vienna) was an Austrian botanist and mycologist . He was for a long time curator of the Royal Natural History collections in Vienna. He published several mycological and other botanical works. Most of these works were illustrated with engravings and many of them were hand-coloured (pre-colour printing). He als gave this out collections of wax replicas described species of fungi and later sponges.
Biography
Leopold Trattinnick, was born on 26 May 1764, near Vienna to a wealthy and influential family.
He originally began to study law but his interests in nature grew and he started studying Science and divided his time amongst the fields of entomology, mineralogy and botany. [2] His main area of Interest was mycology and spermatophytes.[3]
In 1797, he published 'Anleitung zur Cultur der ächten Baumwolle in Österreich' (translated as 'Introduction to the culture of true cotton in Austria'). His first botanical publication. This was followed by 'Genera Plantarum Methodo Naturali Disposita', in 1802, which was a proposal for a natural arrangement of some plant genera.[2]
Between 1804-1806, he published several works about mushrooms (mycology), including 'Fungi Austriaci'. He also staged an exhibition with wax sculpted mushroom replicas, called the 'Mycological Cabinet'.[4] A second collection (with edible sponges) was made in 1830.[1] The Mycological Cabinet is numbered with Arabic numerals (1-42), in the second collection of sponges is number with letters (A-FF).[4] In 1809, he published 'The edible sponges of th Empire of Austria'. [4] Several places still have these wax collections including, the 'Museo Civico di storia naturale' in Trieste, Italy (only up to no. 18), the portrait collection of the National Library in Vienna (has wax models from both series), the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna (has wax models from both series) and the 'Department of Botany' of the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). It contained 80 plates.[2][5]
He did not have an official botanical position until 1806 when he became the “Landschafts-Phytographen von Niederösterreich”,(need translation)[2][4]
In 1809, the Kaiser of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Emperor Francis I, appointed him “Kustos des K.k. Hof- Naturalienkabinetts” (which translated means 'Custodian of the Royal Natural History Collections'). He held this position until 1835/36.[2] 'Kaiserlichen Hof-Naturalienkabinett' is now the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien in Vienna.
While being a curator, he organised the of specimens of various plant generas including, Theophrasta, Sophora, Hermannia and Psoralea. Collected by Joseph Franz Von Jacquin and Christa Riedl-Dorn. [6]
Between 1811-1818, he published 'Archiv der Gewächskunde' (Archives of the greenhouse Customer). This two volume work included 250 engravings of plants.[2][1] The copper plates included domestic and foreign plants in any order. It was not a popular piece of work as it had many copies of current illustrations.[1]
Between 1811-1816, he published "Observationes botanicae" (in 4 Fascimila). Another piece of work with very low sales.[1]
Between 1812-1818, he published 'Arch Gewächsk' (Archiv der Gewächskunde) Wein.[7]
Between 1812-1822, he published 'Auswahl vorzüglich schöner, seltener, berühmter, und sonst sehr merkwürdiger Gartenpflanzen, in getreuen Abbildungen nebst Erläuterungen über ihre Charakteristik, Verwandschaft, Klassification, Geschichte, Verwendung, Cultur, und ästhetischen Ansichten' (translation: Selection of exquisitely beautiful, rare, famous and otherwise very strange garden plants, in faithful pictures together with explanations of their characteristics, relationships/ kinship, classification, history, use, culture and aesthetic properties). It included 219 engraved plates, 218 of them hand-coloured. A set sold in 1999 for £9,775[2] need another ref
In 18 ??, Trattinick published and described Coleanthus subtilis. Specimens of this taxon were sent to Trattinick by Count Berchtold.[8] need date
In 1812, all known species were grouped in the genus Hosta by Trattinnick, and named in honour of his fellow Austrian Nicholas Thomas Host (1761-1834, who was a botanist and physician at the court of Emperor Frances I of Austria). [9] It was first thought that the name was invalid, as a Verbena (now known as [[[Cornutia]]) already was using the name 'Hosta', but Linnaeus then re-classified the plant as a 'Verbena'. In 1905, the International Botanical Congress voted that the name 'Hosta' could be used.[10]
Between 1816-1822 he published two volumes of the 'Flora der Oesterreichischen Kaiserthumes' (Flora of the Austrian Empire), but the complete work was never finished. The illustrations were taken from his Archiv. The text is partially filled with poetic verse as well as botanical observations.[2][1]
In 1819, he published 'Oesterreichischer Blumenkranz', (need translation) It was described as “no botany in verse, but pure botanical poetry, representing the work of the important Austrian botanist; 200 plants from the white lily to the sharp stonecrop poetically imagined”.[2]
In 1821, he published 'Botanisches Taschenbuch oder Conservatorium aller Resultate Ideen und Ansichten aus dem ganzen Umfange der Gewächskunde', Vienna, (translated as Botanical notebook or conservatory of all resulting ideas and views from the whole range of botany).[2] It did not sell very well and only 1 volume was published.[1]
In 1823, Trattinick changed the name of a species of rose. It was originally named Rosa microphylla by Dr. Wiliam Roxburgh (1751-1815) in 1820, because René Louiche Desfontaines had previously applied the name 'microphylla' to an unrelated European species in 1798. It became Rosa Roxburghii. [5][11] Trattinick published this name change in 'Rosacearum monographia' page233 in 1823.[12] The 'Monograph of the Rose Family' covered generic and species descriptions of plants in the rose family, although it was not illustrated.[2]
Between 1823-1824, 4 Volumes of Synodus botanica were published with illustrations or scientific drawings by 'Franz Nobleman Portenschlag-Ledermayer'.[13]
In 1825, Trattinnick published 'Genera Nova Plantarum Iconibus Observationibusque Illustrata', which appeared in 24 fascicles. The illustrations were not coloured but were very highly regarded.[2]
Between 1825-1834, 4 Volumes of 'Neue Arten von Pelargonien deutschen Urpsrunges' were published.[2][14] They described 400 hybrids of Pelargoniums (from Germany), all of which were named or re-named in Latin.[15] Before 1843 he published 2 more volumes of the same title. Which included 264 illustrations, as a full page engraving which was hand-coloured. In his later publications, some of the plants were illustrated by single flowers and several plants were included on a page.[2]
In 1826, as the curator of botany, Trattinick wrote in his annual report “The botanical heritage of Ferdinand Bauer, who died in Hietzing in March of this year, consisting of 113 small parcels of dried plants from New Holland, the Island of Timor, the Island of Norfolk, and the Cape of Good Hope, and of 1876 plates of drawings of the same (sketched in pencil ), which His Highest Imperial Majesty had purchased, has been handed over to me. K.K. Museum on the last of October 1926. Leopold Trattinick, Curator” (which as translated by Riedl-Dorn, in 1989) .[16]
In 1828, Trattinick, on seeing Rafflesia (a species of parasitic flowering plant), wrote that the plant should be assigned to a special taxonomic category called vegetablische Verrucktheiten, or “vegetable craziness.”[17]
Among all his varied publications, Trattinnick is credited with the original Latin descriptions of around 405 plant names.[2]
A complete list of his publications can be found in 'Wurzbach's Encyclopedia' Vol. 46, in 1882.[1]
Although, some of his early publications can be found under the name "Leopold Trattinick" (with a single "n"). But in the 17th edition of the "Zander Hand dictionary of plant names", it has the more accurate spelling "Trattinnick" (with double "n").[18]
In addition to his scientific published work, he maintained an avid correspondence with foreign and domestic trade scholars and other eminent men, which include Goethe and A. V. Humboldt.[1] He was a frequent correspondant and friend of Franz Wilibald Schmidt (1764–1796).[8] He was a member of many learned societies and societies.[1]
The Trattinick herbarium is preserved in Vienna.[8]
Honours
The plant genus Trattinnickia of the family Burseraceae was named by Carl Ludwig Willdenow was named after him. Burseraceae (contains many species of trees and shrubs), it includes sub tribes Protieae, Bursereae, and Canarieae. Canarieae is composed of Canarium (75 species and largest in this tribe), Dacryodes, Haplolobus, Pseudodacryodes, Rosselia, Santiria, Scutinanthe, and Trattinnickia (with 26 species,[20])[2][21]
In Klosterneuburg, (his birth town) in Lower Austria, there is a road, named after him.[22]
Bibliography
- Guide to outlaw culture of cotton in Austria. Vienna 1797
- Genera plantarum methodo naturali disposita. Vindobonae (Vienna) 1802 [23]
- Fungi Austriaci, iconibus illustrati. Vienna 1804-1806 [24]
- The edible sponges of the Austrian imperial state. 1809, 2nd ed. 1830
- Archives of greenhouse customer. Vienna 1811-1818.
- Selection ... very strange garden plants. 1812-1822.
- Flora of the Austrian Kaiserthumes. 1816-1822. [25]
- Thesaurus botanicus .Vienna 1805, 2nd ed. 1819 [26]
- Rosacearum Monographia. 1823-1824. (ISBN - 13: 9781275592025)[27][28]
- Genera plantarum nova iconibus observationesque illustrata. Self-Verlag, 1825 (24 copper plates).
- New types of geraniums German origin. 1825-1843.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wunschmann, Ernst (1894). "Trattinick, Leopold". deutsche-biographie.de (General German Biography). Retrieved 24 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Handlos, (Ph.D.), Wayne L. "Leopold Trattinnick". geraniumsonline.com. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ^ "Trattinnick, Leopold (1764-1849)". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 29 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Property of the month". specula.at. November 1999. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
- ^ a b Sleiter, Rossella. "The rose that conquered empires". giardinoweb.altervista.org. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ^ "Zum Problem der Lectotypifizierung nach lebenden Pflanzen beschriebener Arten bei NIKOLAUS JOSEPH VON JACQUIN Von CHRISTA RIEDL-DORN" (PDF). Ann. Natur hist. Mus. landesmuseum.at. 8 July 1988. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
- ^ T. G. Tutin, N. A. Burges, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters and D. A. Webb (Editors)Flora Europaea: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae, p. 411, at Google Books
- ^ a b c Kirschner, Jan; Kirschnerová, Lída; Štěpánek (2007). "Generally accepted plant names based on material from the Czech Republic and published in 1753–1820" (PDF). preslia.cz. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
{{cite web}}: Text "first3+Jan" ignored (help); Text "title Preslia 79: 323–365, 2007" ignored (help) - ^ "history". hostamill.be. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ^ Diana Wells 100 Flowers and How They Got Their Names, p. 96, at Google Books
- ^ . southernedition.com http://www.southernedition.com/TheChestnutRose.html. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help); Text "The Chestnut Rose" ignored (help) - ^ "Rosa microphylla". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). Retrieved 24 March 2015.
- ^ K. G. Saur Verlag GmbH & Company, Walter De Gruyter Incorporated Plett – Schmidseder, p. 43, at Google Books
- ^ Kasia Bodd Geranium , p. 71, at Google Books
- ^ Anne Wilkinson The Passion for Pelargoniums: How They Found Their Place in the Garden, p. 87, at Google Books
- ^ "Botanica, Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei s. 9, v. 11:201-244" (PDF). lincei.it. 2000. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
- ^ Ross, Edward S. (2003). "Rafflesia: The Super Flower". researcharchive.calacademy.org. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
- ^ Erhardt, Walter; Goetz, Erich; Bödeker, Nils; Seybold, Siegmund (2002). Zander Dictionary of Plant Names. 17th edition (Revised ed.). Stuttgart: Ulmer Verlag. ISBN 3-8001-3573-6.
{{cite book}}: no-break space character in|title=at position 34 (help) - ^ International Plant Names Index. Tratt.
- ^ "26 plant name records match your search criteria Trattinnickia. The results are below". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). Retrieved 24 March 2015.
{{cite web}}: no-break space character in|title=at position 49 (help) - ^ Abraham Rees The Cyclopædia: Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, Volume 36, p. 148, at Google Books
- ^ "Road name: Leopold Trattinnick-alley, Klosterneuburg". klosterneuburg.stadtplanoesterreich.at. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ^ Genera Plantarum Methodo Naturali Disposita at Google Books
- ^ Leopold Trattinnick at Google Books
- ^ Flora des österreichischen Kaiserthumes at Google Books
- ^ Thesaurus botanicus at Google Books
- ^ Leopold Trattinnick at Google Books
- ^ "Rosacearum Monographia". chapters.indigo.ca. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
External links