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It has single coloured (violet-blue to blue-purple),<ref name=dykesonirises> upright standards that are oblanceolate and 3–4 cm long and 0.4–0.5 cm wide. <ref name=balcanica/><ref name=british/><ref name=European/><ref name=ClaireAustin/><ref name=cassidy/>
It has single coloured (violet-blue to blue-purple),<ref name=dykesonirises> upright standards that are oblanceolate and 3–4 cm long and 0.4–0.5 cm wide. <ref name=balcanica/><ref name=british/><ref name=European/><ref name=ClaireAustin/><ref name=cassidy/>

It has single coloured (violet-blue to blue-purple), style branches, that are 2.6–2.8 cm long and 0.5–0.6 cm wide, with recurved lobes.<ref name=balcanica/><ref name=European/><ref name=british/> It has a small slender ovary 1-2cm long, with a slender beak.<ref name=balcanica/><ref name=floraeuro/> It also has small, triangular crests.<ref name=british/>
This iris is uniquely [[pollinate]]d by [[ant]]s, as the flowers secrete nectar at the base of the petals.<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=plantworld/>

After the iris has flowered, it produces an oblong, seed capsule,<ref name=botanycz/><ref name=samara/> 1.5cm long and 1cm wide.<ref name=balcanica/> It also has a slender beak appendage up to 2cm long.<ref name=balcanica/>

===Biochemistry===
As most irises are [[diploid]], having two sets of [[chromosomes]]. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.<ref name=ClaireAustin/>
It has been counted several times; 2n=16, ex Randolph and Mitra 1956, Lenz, Bulletin of the American Iris Society169: 55. 1963; 2n=16, 32 Simonet 1934; 2n=16, Lenz 1963 and 2n=16, Popova, M., & I. Cesmedziev, (1975 & 1976).<ref name=american/>
Normally the chromosome count is recorded as 2n=16, 32.<ref name=pacific/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=signa/><ref name=british/>

In 2013, a study was carried out on the morphological and anatomical properties of ''[[Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima]]'' and ''Iris sintenisii'' were investigated. The cross-sections of root, scape and leaf parts of the plant were examined. During the anatomical studies, the wall thickenings of the endodermal cells were found to be three-sided. Leaf features, such as papillae, metaxylem number in the root and arrangement of vascular bundles can be used as distinguishing characters for the Iris species.
<ref name=balcanica/>

== Taxonomy==
It is known as ''Sintenis-Schwertlilie'' in Germany.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pflanzen |url=http://www.delta-tours.de/de/Bildergalerie/Pflanzen/3.htm |publisher=delta-tours.de |accessdate=24 February 2015}}</ref>

It has the common name of ''Sintenisa Iris''.<ref name=Ksiridion/><ref>{{cite web |title=Iris fancy |url=http://www.atlas-roslin.pl/gatunki/kosacce_irysy_ogrodowe.htm |publisher=atlas-roslin.pl |accessdate=24 February 2015}}</ref>

The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''sintenisii'' refers to [[Paul Sintenis]], a botanical collector.<ref name=handbook/>

Specimens were first collected by Sintenis from the Dobrudja district, on the western coast of the Black Sea, to the south of the mouth of the Danube.<ref name=dykesonirises/>

It was then published and described by [[Victor Janka von Bules]] in 'Természetrajzi Füz'. (from Budapest)  Vol1 page244 in 1877.<ref>{{cite web|title=IIridaceae Iris sintenisii Janka | url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=439095-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=4 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{cite web |title=title=Taxon: Iris sintenisii Janka |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?20401 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate=23 February 2015}}</ref>

In 1994, it was given [[Award of Garden Merit]](AGM).<ref name=agm/><ref name=rareplants/>

It was verified by [[United States Department of Agriculture]] [[Agricultural Research Service]] on 4 April 2003.<ref name=grin/>

Iris sintenisii is an accepted name by the [[Royal Horticultural Society|RHS]].<ref name=rhs>{{cite web|title=Iris sintenisii |url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9362/Iris-sintenisii/Details |publisher=www.rhs.org.uk| accessdate=23 February 2015}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
Iris sintenisii is [[native plant|native]] to temperate regions of [[Asia Minor]],<ref name=samara/><ref name=flowerlib/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=botanycz/> and eastern Europe and south eastern Europe.<ref name=grin/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=Ksiridion/><ref name=botanycz/><ref name=rhs/><ref name=floraeuro/><ref name=European/>

===Range===
It is found in [[Turkey]] (Asia Minor),<ref name=grin/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=handbook/><ref name=perennials/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=herbs/><ref name=rhs/><ref name=plantworld/><ref name=rareplants/><ref name=signa/><ref name=stebbings/><ref name=ClaireAustin/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=jardinnature/><ref name=british/><ref name=European/><ref>{{cite web |title=Iris sintenisii |url=http://tubives.com/index.php?sayfa=1&tax_id=9331 |publisher=tubives.com (Turkey's Plants Data Service) |accessdate=24 February 2015}}</ref>
Within Europe, it is found in [[Albania]],<ref name=grin/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=floraeuro/> [[Bulgaria]],<ref name=grin/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=botanycz/><ref name=signa/><ref name=bgflora/> [[Greece]],<ref name=grin/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=perennials/><ref name=botanycz/><ref name=signa/> [[Italy]],<ref name=grin/><ref name=handbook/><ref name=perennials/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=botanycz/><ref name=floraeuro/><ref name=plantworld/><ref name=ClaireAustin/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=british/> [[Romania]],<ref name=grin/><ref name=botanycz/><ref name=signa/> and parts of former [[Yugoslavia]],<ref name=grin/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=perennials/><ref name=signa/> or the [[Balkan]]s.<ref name=handbook/><ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=herbs/><ref name=botanycz/><ref name=samara/><ref name=plantworld/><ref name=rareplants/><ref name=stebbings/><ref name=ClaireAustin/><ref name=cassidy/><ref name=british/>

It is also found within the south western parts of the Russian Federation or USSR.<ref name=grin/><ref name=pacific/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=rareplants/><ref name=signa/><ref name=ClaireAustin/><ref name=jardinnature/><ref name=british/><ref name=European/>
Also found in [[Macedonia]].<ref> Vlado Matevski, Andraž Èarni, Oliver Avramoski, Nina Juvan, Mitko Kostadinovski, Petra Košir, Andrej Paušiè, Urban Šilc {{Google books|YSRi82WSx78C|Forest Vegetation of Galièica Mountain Range in Macedonia |page=152}}</ref><ref> Vlado Matevski, Andraž Èarni, Mitko Kostadinovski, Petra Košir, Urban Šilc, Igor Zelnik {{Google books|OgsAohseGsYC|Flora in vegetacija makedonske stepe / Flora and Vegetation of the Macedonian Steppe |page=53}}</ref>

One reference mentions [[France]] and [[Ukraine]].<ref name=irisbotanique/> But these could be naturalized populations.

===Habitat===
Iris sintenisii grows in dry grass meadows (including [[steppe]]s),<ref name=herbs/><ref name=Ksiridion/><ref name=perennials/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=ClaireAustin/><ref name=botanycz/> on [[scrub land]],<ref name=herbs/><ref name=perennials/><ref name=alpine/><ref name=ClaireAustin/> and at the edges of forests.<ref name=alpine/><ref name=botanycz/>

It can be found at [[altitude]]s of between 900-1500m above sea level.<ref name=perennials/><ref name=botanycz/><ref name=bgflora/>

It can though be difficult to spot within meadows, after flowering as the leaves are very grass-like.<ref name=plantworld/>

==Cultivation==
hardy, soil, sun, moisture, situation

It is [[Hardiness (plants)|hardy]] to between [[USDA]] Zone 5a (-28.8 °C (-20 °F)) to USDA Zone 9b (-3.8 °C (25 °F)).<ref name=daves/>
It is also in European Zone H2.<ref name=European/> It can tolerate temperatures as low as -18°C.<ref name=perennials/><ref name=pepiniere/><ref name=jardinnature/><ref name=irisbotanique/> It is hardy in the UK.<ref name=rareplants/> Within Russia, it is not hardy in [[St Petersburg]] but thrives in the Botanical Garden of [[Stavropol]].<ref name=Ksiridion/><ref name=flowerlib/>

It prefers to grow in well-drained soils,<ref name=pepiniere/><ref name=jardinnature/><ref name=zauberstuade/><ref name=jardindumorvan/> that do not dry out during the summer.<ref name=british/>
The shallow roots do not like intense summer heat, which dries out the soil.<ref name=herbs/><ref name=british/><ref name=ClaireAustin/><ref name=jardindumorvan/> They are tolerate of soils containing limestone.<ref name=irisbotanique/> They can grow in neutral to alkaline soils (with a pH level of between 6.6 to 8.5).<ref name=daves/>

The like to grow in positions in full sun or partial shade.<ref name=jardinnature/><ref name=perennials/><ref name=daves/><ref name=zauberstuade/><ref name=jardindumorvan/><ref name=jardinnature/>

During the summer or growing season, the iris requires lots of moisture to bloom.<ref name=herbs/><ref name=british/> But care must be taken not to over-water.<ref name=daves/>

They can be grown in a [[rock garden]] or rockery,<ref name=irisbotanique/><ref name=samara/><ref name=wrightman/> or in the front of a flower border.<ref name=british/> They are also suitable for use growing in [[Watering trough|trough]] or sink gardens (using old large disused [[sink]]s).<ref name=wrightman/><ref name=cassidy/>

Care must be taken when weeding during the autumn and early spring, as the leaves are very similar to grass.<ref name=perennials/>

==Propagation==
''Irisi sintenisii'' can be propagated by [[Division (horticulture)|division]] or by seed growing.<ref name=daves/> Since, like many other spuria irises, it resents root disturbance,<ref name=british/> also the roots are very vulnerable to damage during clump division.<ref name=herbs/> It should be propagated by seed.<ref name=british/>

The seeds can be collected from the capsules, when ripe and should be sown direct into clear soil, outdoors or into pots.<ref name=daves/><ref name=british/>

The young seedlings can then be transplanted either during the beginning of spring or at the start of autumn (fall).<ref name=herbs/><ref name=british/>

They should be plant with a planting distance of 40cm , as they do not like root competition.<ref name=jardindumorvan/>

This species, which is pollinated by ants, is closely related to Iris graminea.<ref name=plantworld/>

==Toxicity==
Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.<ref name=daves/>

==Hybrids and Cultivars==
For a long while ''[[Iris brandzae]]'' was considered a [[subspecies]] of ''Iris sintenisii'', but it is now classified as a separate species.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iridaceae Iris brandzae Prodan |url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=438434-1 |publisher=ipni.org (International Plant Names Index) |accessdate=20 February 2015}}</ref>

Other known cultivars are 'Sintenissii Uromovi' and 'Topae'.<ref name=american/>


==References==
==References==
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{{Commons category-inline|Iris sintenisii}}
{{Commons category-inline|Iris sintenisii}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris sintenisii}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Iris sintenisii}}

[[Category:Iris (plant)|sintenisii]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1877]]
[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Turkey]]
[[Category:Flora of Albania]]
[[Category:Flora of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Flora of Greece]]
[[Category:Flora of Italy]]
[[Category:Flora of Romania]]
[[Category:Flora of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Flora of Balkan]]
[[Category:Flora of Russia]]
[[Category:Flora of Macedonia]]

Revision as of 17:12, 25 February 2015

Iris sintenisii
An illustration from Curtis Botanical Magazine of Iris urumovii (a synonym of iris sintenisii)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Subfamily:
Iridoideae
Tribe:
Irideae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Limniris
Series:
Spuriae
Species:
Iris sintenisii
Binomial name
Iris sintenisii
Synonyms
  • Chamaeiris sintenisii (Janka) M.B.Crespo
  • Chamaeiris sintenisii subsp. lorea (Janka) M.B.Crespo
  • Chamaeiris urumovii (Velen.) M.B.Crespo
  • Iris foetidissima subsp. lorea (Janka) K.Richt.
  • Iris graminea (Janka) K. Richt.
  • Iris graminea var. sintenisii (Janka) K.Richt.
  • Iris graminea subsp. sintenisii (Janka) K.Richt.
  • Iris lorea Janka
  • Iris sintenisii subsp. Sintenisii (unknown)
  • Iris urumovii Velen.
  • Xyridion sintenisii (Janka) Rodion.[1]

Iris sintenisii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Limniris and in Series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from regions in Europe, Turkey and parts of Russia with violet-blue flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Description

The iris is intermediate in appearance and form between Iris graminea and a small Iris spuria.[2]

It has thin (or slender),[3][4] wiry (or hard), short rhizomes.[5][6][7][8][9][10] That are covered with the brown, fibrous remains of the last seasons leaves. [4][6][8] Over time it forms many branches to create a tight clumps or tussocks.[7][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

It has linear, glaucous green to dark green, rigid, acuminate (tapering to a long point), grass-like leaves.[4][16][17][5] [3][6][9][11][18][19][10][20][12][13][15][21][22] They are often described as evergreen.[23][17][6][9][24][13][21][25] They have clear pronounced veins.[4][3] They can grow up to between 10–50 cm (4–20 in) long,[7] and 0.3–0.5 cm wide.[4][17][26][3][6][8][11][10] The leaves often exceed the height of the flower stems.[16][4][27][8][11][14][28]

Iris sintenisii is smaller than Iris graminea.[9] It has cylindrical or slightly compressed, unbranched stems.[26][8][7][4][6] They can grow up to between 10–40 cm (4–16 in) long.[23][7] [17][4][5][3][6][8][9][29][30][11][18][19][20][31][12][13][32][14][28][33][15][21][25]

The stems have 2-3,[6] green spathes, (leaves of the flower bud), that are 3.5-7.5 cm long.[4][26][6][8] The leaves are all keeled.[26][6][8] The inner leaves are slightly longer the outer leaves.[6]

The stems or peduncle hold 1 or 2,[7][28][16][4][3][11][8] terminal (top of stem) flowers,[16][6] between late spring and summer,[23][12][32][20][24][11][8] between June and July.[5][7][10][13][14][33][21][17]

The flowers are similar in form to Iris graminea but in different shades of colour.[9] The flowers are not scented,[17][26] and can be up 5–6 cm (2–2 in) in diameter,[17][5][8][11][18] and come in shades of violet-blue,[4][2][26][5][8][29][10][24][31][15] blue-purple,[16][23][7][6][18][20] blue,[9][30][13][21][25] purple,[3][12][32] and violet.[22][11]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[14] The slender falls are slightly panduriform (shaped like a fiddle).[6] They have a rounded or ovate/elliptic blade, measuring 1.3–1.4 cm long and 0.9–1.3 cm wide.[26][4][8] Then they have a narrowing before a long oval haft (connecting to the stem), measuring 2.5–3 cm long and 0.3–0.5 cm wide.[4][16][6][8] The haft is veined with red-purple.[6]

They are white or cream, heavily veined violet-blue or purple.[4][7][2][16][5][3][8][9][29][11][18][19][20][31][32][14]

It has single coloured (violet-blue to blue-purple),Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

It has the common name of Sintenisa Iris.[27][34]

The Latin specific epithet sintenisii refers to Paul Sintenis, a botanical collector.[2]

Specimens were first collected by Sintenis from the Dobrudja district, on the western coast of the Black Sea, to the south of the mouth of the Danube.[16]

It was then published and described by Victor Janka von Bules in 'Természetrajzi Füz'. (from Budapest)  Vol1 page244 in 1877.[35][36]

In 1994, it was given Award of Garden Merit(AGM).[18][10]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003.[36]

Iris sintenisii is an accepted name by the RHS.[37]

Distribution and habitat

Iris sintenisii is native to temperate regions of Asia Minor,[3][22][28][5] and eastern Europe and south eastern Europe.[36][11][27][5][37][26][8]

Range

It is found in Turkey (Asia Minor),[36][29][2][17][11][23][37][19][10][31][32][14][28][25][6][8][38] Within Europe, it is found in Albania,[36][29][26] Bulgaria,[36][29][5][31][33] Greece,[36][29][17][5][31] Italy,[36][2][17][7][5][26][19][14][28][6] Romania,[36][5][31] and parts of former Yugoslavia,[36][29][17][31] or the Balkans.[2][7][23][5][3][19][10][32][14][28][6]

It is also found within the south western parts of the Russian Federation or USSR.[36][29][11][10][31][14][25][6][8] Also found in Macedonia.[39][40]

One reference mentions France and Ukraine.[7] But these could be naturalized populations.

Habitat

Iris sintenisii grows in dry grass meadows (including steppes),[23][27][17][11][14][5] on scrub land,[23][17][11][14] and at the edges of forests.[11][5]

It can be found at altitudes of between 900-1500m above sea level.[17][5][33]

It can though be difficult to spot within meadows, after flowering as the leaves are very grass-like.[19]

Cultivation

hardy, soil, sun, moisture, situation

It is hardy to between USDA Zone 5a (-28.8 °C (-20 °F)) to USDA Zone 9b (-3.8 °C (25 °F)).[24] It is also in European Zone H2.[8] It can tolerate temperatures as low as -18°C.[17][12][25][7] It is hardy in the UK.[10] Within Russia, it is not hardy in St Petersburg but thrives in the Botanical Garden of Stavropol.[27][22]

It prefers to grow in well-drained soils,[12][25][13][21] that do not dry out during the summer.[6] The shallow roots do not like intense summer heat, which dries out the soil.[23][6][14][21] They are tolerate of soils containing limestone.[7] They can grow in neutral to alkaline soils (with a pH level of between 6.6 to 8.5).[24]

The like to grow in positions in full sun or partial shade.[25][17][24][13][21][25]

During the summer or growing season, the iris requires lots of moisture to bloom.[23][6] But care must be taken not to over-water.[24]

They can be grown in a rock garden or rockery,[7][3][15] or in the front of a flower border.[6] They are also suitable for use growing in trough or sink gardens (using old large disused sinks).[15][28]

Care must be taken when weeding during the autumn and early spring, as the leaves are very similar to grass.[17]

Propagation

Irisi sintenisii can be propagated by division or by seed growing.[24] Since, like many other spuria irises, it resents root disturbance,[6] also the roots are very vulnerable to damage during clump division.[23] It should be propagated by seed.[6]

The seeds can be collected from the capsules, when ripe and should be sown direct into clear soil, outdoors or into pots.[24][6]

The young seedlings can then be transplanted either during the beginning of spring or at the start of autumn (fall).[23][6]

They should be plant with a planting distance of 40cm , as they do not like root competition.[21]

This species, which is pollinated by ants, is closely related to Iris graminea.[19]

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[24]

Hybrids and Cultivars

For a long while Iris brandzae was considered a subspecies of Iris sintenisii, but it is now classified as a separate species.[41]

Other known cultivars are 'Sintenissii Uromovi' and 'Topae'.[30]

References

  1. ^ "Iris sintenisii Janka is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 5 (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Dykes, William (2009). "Handbook of Garden Irises" (PDF). beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises). Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "COLLECTION IRIS natural flora, Introdutciruemyh in the Botanical Garden Samara State University" (PDF). .ssc.smr.ru (Samara State University). 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Özdemir, Canan; Yetişen, Kadriye (2 June 2013). "Morphological and anatomical studies of Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima and Iris sintenisii (Iridaceae) from Turkey" (PDF). Phytologia Balcanica. 20 (1): 71–77. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Rencova, Eva (25 May 2010). "Iris sintenisii Janka". botany.cz. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation, p. 187, at Google Books
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Chapter II iris clump and other (part3)". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification(2011) , p. 348, at Google Books
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i "The Small Spurias". kcis.org. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Iris sintenisii". rareplants.co.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Iris sintenisii". encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net. Retrieved 20 February 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 5 (help)
  12. ^ a b c d e f g "Iris sintenisii". delafleuraumiel.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h "Iris sintenisii, Asia Minor Dwarf - steppe Iris". zauberstaude.de. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Austin, Claire. "Irises A Garden Encyclopedia" (pdf). worldtracker.org. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  15. ^ a b c d e f "Iris sintenisii dwarf". wrightmanalpines.com. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Dykes, William. "Dykes on Iris" (PDF). beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises). Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Phillips, Roger; Rix, Martyn (1991). Perennials Vol. 1. Pan Books Ltd. p. 216. ISBN 9780330327749.
  18. ^ a b c d e f "Search for AGM plants". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h "Iris sintenisii". plant-world-seeds.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  20. ^ a b c d e Christopher Brickel (Editor) RHS Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers (5th Edition 2010) , p. 613, at Google Books
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Iris sintenisii". jardindumorvan.com. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  22. ^ a b c d "Spuria iris". flowerlib.ru. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Spuria Irises". herbs2000. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "PlantFiles: Spuria Iris Iris sintenisii". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Iris sintenisii". jardin-nature.net. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Thomas Gaskell Tutin (Editor) Flora Europaea, Volume 5 (1980) , p. 89, at Google Books
  27. ^ a b c d e "Irises section Ksiridion or Spur-iris sredneroslye:". flower.onego.ru. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-88192-089-4.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Iris summary" (pdf). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  30. ^ a b c Laurin, Terry (19 September 2014). "(SPEC) Iris sintenisii Janka". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kramb, D. (2 October 2004). "Iris sintenisii". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  32. ^ a b c d e f Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p. 61. ISBN 0715305395.
  33. ^ a b c d "Iris sintenisii". bgflora.net. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  34. ^ "Iris fancy". atlas-roslin.pl. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  35. ^ "IIridaceae Iris sintenisii Janka". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 4 February 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 11 (help)
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "title=Taxon: Iris sintenisii Janka". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 23 February 2015. {{cite web}}: Missing pipe in: |title= (help)
  37. ^ a b c "Iris sintenisii". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  38. ^ "Iris sintenisii". tubives.com (Turkey's Plants Data Service). Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  39. ^ Vlado Matevski, Andraž Èarni, Oliver Avramoski, Nina Juvan, Mitko Kostadinovski, Petra Košir, Andrej Paušiè, Urban Šilc Forest Vegetation of Galièica Mountain Range in Macedonia , p. 152, at Google Books
  40. ^ Vlado Matevski, Andraž Èarni, Mitko Kostadinovski, Petra Košir, Urban Šilc, Igor Zelnik Flora in vegetacija makedonske stepe / Flora and Vegetation of the Macedonian Steppe , p. 53, at Google Books
  41. ^ "Iridaceae Iris brandzae Prodan". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 20 February 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 10 (help)

Other sources

  • Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  • Goulandris and Goulimis, 1969. Wild flowers of Greece, 185.
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 116.
  • Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.
  • Grey Wilson and Mathew, 1981. Bulbs l28.

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