Bernard of Thiron: Difference between revisions
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'''Bernard of Thiron''', also known as '''Bernard of Ponthieu''' and '''Bernard of Abbeville''', was the founder of the [[Tiron Abbey]] and the [[Tironensian Order]].<ref>{{BBKL|b/bernhard_v_ti|band=1|autor=Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz|spalte=536}}</ref> |
'''Bernard of Thiron''', also known as '''Bernard of Ponthieu''' and '''Bernard of Abbeville''', was the founder of the [[Tiron Abbey]] and the [[Tironensian Order]].<ref name=Bautz>{{BBKL|b/bernhard_v_ti|band=1|autor=Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz|spalte=536}}</ref> |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Born near [[Abbeville]] in 1046. He remained there until the age of 12, before |
Born near [[Abbeville]] in 1046. He remained there until the age of 12, before, in the course of time, he was accepted at the monastery of Saint Cyprien, near [[Poitiers]], by the Abbott Renault. He remained there many years, before being transferred to [[Savigny Abbey]] to fill the position of prior. Desiring to live a life of greater austerity than Savigny offered, he and his friend Geoffrey (later Abbot of Tiron), built a small house in a solitary place given to him by Raoul, Count of Fougeres. A community began to form there.<ref name=Caldey>[http://www.archive.org/stream/benedictinesofca00isle#page/120/mode/2up "S. Bernard and his Foundation", ''The Benedictines of Caldey'', The Abbey, Isle of Caldey, 1912]</ref> |
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By the early 12th century, Bernard had once again established a large community of followers, which made life as a hermit impossible. Bernard led his followers to the [[Savigny Abbey]], where [[Vitalis of Savigny]] took them under his care, allowing Bernard to return to his life as hermit. Count [[Rotrou III of Perche]] offered him a forest not from the town of [[Thiron Gardais|Thiron]] where, by 1109, Bernard had established a primitive [[monastery]]<ref name=Caldey/> dedicated to [[St. Anne]]. |
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The success of the community aroused the jealousy of the monks of Cluny Abbey, so the bishop gave Bernard the small village of Gardais on the banks of the river Thironne. Here Bernard established the monastery that would become the Abbey of Tiron.<ref name=Caldey/> |
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==Life as a Hermit== |
==Life as a Hermit== |
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He was made [[abbot]] of [[Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe|Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe]].<ref>{{BBKL|b/bernhard_v_ti|band=1|autor=Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz|spalte=536}}</ref> Bernard left Saint-Savin in 1101 when his nomination as new abbot was disapproved by [[Cluniac reforms|Cluny]] and [[Pope Paschal II]].<ref name=Wales>[http://www.monasticwales.org/order/6 "Tironensian", Monastic Wales]</ref> |
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From then on Bernard lived first as a hermit on the island of Chausey, between Jersey and Saint-Malo, then in the woods of Craon, near Angers, with two other rigorist monks: Robert d'Arbrissel, future founder of the controversial Abbey of Fontevraud, and Vitalis de Mortain, later the founder of the Congregation of Savigny in 1113. Following the example of the Desert Fathers, all three men and their followers (men and women) lived detached from the world, in great poverty and strict penance. |
From then on Bernard lived first as a hermit on the island of Chausey, between Jersey and Saint-Malo, then in the woods of Craon, near Angers, with two other rigorist monks: Robert d'Arbrissel, future founder of the controversial Abbey of Fontevraud, and Vitalis de Mortain, later the founder of the Congregation of Savigny in 1113. Following the example of the Desert Fathers, all three men and their followers (men and women) lived detached from the world, in great poverty and strict penance. |
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==Later Life and founding of Tiron Abbey== |
==Later Life and founding of Tiron Abbey== |
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As the Abbott of the Saint Cyprien Monastery, Bernard ordered the monks to make a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Rome]]. There they argued their claims against those of the [[Cluniac Reforms|Cluny Order]]. Once again Bernard was led to retirement first returning to [[Chausey]], before settling in [[Fougeres]]. |
As the Abbott of the Saint Cyprien Monastery, Bernard ordered the monks to make a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Rome]]. There they argued their claims against those of the [[Cluniac Reforms|Cluny Order]]. Once again Bernard was led to retirement first returning to [[Chausey]], before settling in [[Fougeres]]. Due to disputes with the neighbouring [[Cluniac Reforms|Cluniac monastery]] of Saint-Denis de Nogent le Rotrou, Bernard left his post with the permission of Bishop Ivo of Chartres. Bernard, with the aid of donations from the kings and nobles of [[France]], [[England]] and [[Scotland]], established the [[Tiron Abbey|Abbey of the Holy Trinity of Tiron]] in 1114. From here Bernard founded the [[Tironensian Order]], based on a strict observance of the [[Rule of Saint Benedict]] and an emphasis on manual labour. He remained there until his death in 1117. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 19:05, 2 February 2015
Saint Bernard of Thiron | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1046 Abbeville, France |
| Died | 14 April 1117 Tiron Abbey, Thiron Gardais, France |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Feast | 27 April |
Bernard of Thiron, also known as Bernard of Ponthieu and Bernard of Abbeville, was the founder of the Tiron Abbey and the Tironensian Order.[1]
Early life
Born near Abbeville in 1046. He remained there until the age of 12, before, in the course of time, he was accepted at the monastery of Saint Cyprien, near Poitiers, by the Abbott Renault. He remained there many years, before being transferred to Savigny Abbey to fill the position of prior. Desiring to live a life of greater austerity than Savigny offered, he and his friend Geoffrey (later Abbot of Tiron), built a small house in a solitary place given to him by Raoul, Count of Fougeres. A community began to form there.[2]
By the early 12th century, Bernard had once again established a large community of followers, which made life as a hermit impossible. Bernard led his followers to the Savigny Abbey, where Vitalis of Savigny took them under his care, allowing Bernard to return to his life as hermit. Count Rotrou III of Perche offered him a forest not from the town of Thiron where, by 1109, Bernard had established a primitive monastery[2] dedicated to St. Anne.
The success of the community aroused the jealousy of the monks of Cluny Abbey, so the bishop gave Bernard the small village of Gardais on the banks of the river Thironne. Here Bernard established the monastery that would become the Abbey of Tiron.[2]
Life as a Hermit
He was made abbot of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe.[3] Bernard left Saint-Savin in 1101 when his nomination as new abbot was disapproved by Cluny and Pope Paschal II.[4]
From then on Bernard lived first as a hermit on the island of Chausey, between Jersey and Saint-Malo, then in the woods of Craon, near Angers, with two other rigorist monks: Robert d'Arbrissel, future founder of the controversial Abbey of Fontevraud, and Vitalis de Mortain, later the founder of the Congregation of Savigny in 1113. Following the example of the Desert Fathers, all three men and their followers (men and women) lived detached from the world, in great poverty and strict penance.
Bernard began his life as a hermit under the assumed name of William, through his own choice chose a church dedicated to Saint Medardus, in the region of Saint-Mars-sur-la-Futaie. He lived as such for short period of time before being discovered by fellow monks from Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe. Unwilling to return to his previous post Bernard fled to the island of Chausey. There he braved harsh conditions and lived in a cave, before finally listening to his former companions, Bernard returned to the mainland, settling in Gehard Fontaine (modern day Châtillon-sur-Colmont). There he gained many followers to his hermit way of life, including Adelelmus of Flanders. The community grew into a centre for hermits, with many building cells around his. Bernard fame grew eventually gaining the attention of the Saint Cyprien Monastery. Abbott Renault then called for Bernard to return to the monastery bringing with him his new followers. Bernard returned and resumed the habit as well as being appointed Renault's successor.[5]
Later Life and founding of Tiron Abbey
As the Abbott of the Saint Cyprien Monastery, Bernard ordered the monks to make a pilgrimage to Rome. There they argued their claims against those of the Cluny Order. Once again Bernard was led to retirement first returning to Chausey, before settling in Fougeres. Due to disputes with the neighbouring Cluniac monastery of Saint-Denis de Nogent le Rotrou, Bernard left his post with the permission of Bishop Ivo of Chartres. Bernard, with the aid of donations from the kings and nobles of France, England and Scotland, established the Abbey of the Holy Trinity of Tiron in 1114. From here Bernard founded the Tironensian Order, based on a strict observance of the Rule of Saint Benedict and an emphasis on manual labour. He remained there until his death in 1117.
References
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz (1975). "Bernard of Thiron". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 1. Hamm: Bautz. col. 536. ISBN 3-88309-013-1.
- ^ a b c "S. Bernard and his Foundation", The Benedictines of Caldey, The Abbey, Isle of Caldey, 1912
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz (1975). "Bernard of Thiron". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 1. Hamm: Bautz. col. 536. ISBN 3-88309-013-1.
- ^ "Tironensian", Monastic Wales
- ^ History of Tiron Abbey
Bibliography
- Bernard de Tiron, dans Alphonse-Victor Angot, Ferdinand Gaugain, Dictionnaire historique, topographique et biographique de la Mayenne, Goupil, 1900–1910
- Geoffrey Grossus The Life of Blessed Bernard of Tiron The Catholic University of America Press (2009)