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| name =Adelaide of Poland
| name =Adelaide of Poland
| succession =[[List of Polish consorts|Duchess consort of the Polans]]
| succession =[[List of Polish consorts|Duchess consort of the Polans]]
| image =Ada2.jpg
| image =Adelajda Kujawska.jpeg
| caption =Ceremonial tombstone of Adelaide
| caption =Fragment of an image of Adelaide in a Dominican priory in Sandomierz.
| reign =
| reign =
| spouse =
| spouse =
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| death_place =
| death_place =
|}}
|}}
⚫
[[Image:Adelajda Kujawska.jpeg|thumb|200px|Fragment of an image of Adelaide in a Dominican priory in Sandomierz]]
[[Image:Głowa Adelajdy.jpg|thumb|200px|The head of Adelaide on the doors of St. Jacob's church in Sandomierz]]


'''Adelaide of Poland ''' ({{lang-pl|'''Adelajda Kazimierzówna'''}}) (ca. late 1170s / early 1180s - 8 December 1211) was a Polish princess and member of the [[Piast dynasty]].
'''Adelaide of Poland ''' ({{lang-pl|'''Adelajda Kazimierzówna'''}}) (ca. late 1170s / early 1180s - 8 December 1211), was a Polish princess and member of the [[Piast dynasty]].


She was the daughter of [[Casimir II the Just]], Duke of [[Poland]], by his wife [[Helen of Znojmo]] (from the [[Přemyslid dynasty]]).
She was the daughter of [[Casimir II the Just]], Duke of Sandomierz and High Duke of [[Poland]], by his wife [[Helen of Znojmo|Helena of Znojmo]] , a [[Přemyslid dynasty|Přemyslid]] princess.


On basis of the inscription of her tombstone at the [[Dominican Church and Convent of St. James in Sandomierz]] and two different reports of [[Jan Długosz]],<ref>J. Długosz: ''Liber beneficiorum dioecesis Cracoviensis'', vol. 3, Monasteria, Cracoviae 1864, p. 455; J. Długosz: ''Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego'', book VI, Warsaw 1973, vol. 3, p. 222.</ref> modern historians agreed with the origin and facts from Adelaide's life. Today existed a dominant view in historiography consistent with her filiation and death date. According to them, Adelaide was a indeed the daughter of Casimir II the Just and died in 1211, but wasn't the foundress of the Convent of St. James and only another nun there.<ref>O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', Kraków 1895, p. 338; K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich'', Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 17.</ref> In the [[19th century]], appeared a theory which states that Adelaide was the daughter of [[Casimir I of Kuyavia]], who entered in the Convent of St. James as a nun and died there in 1291.<ref>O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', Kraków 1895, pp. 337–339.</ref> This view, accepted by several scholars, has been disputed. More recent historiography recognized her as the daughter of Casimir II the Just, founder of the Convent, in which was she buried after her death in 1211.<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich'', Poznań – Wrocław 2001, pp. 17–22.</ref>
Relatively little is known about her. Primary sources are limited to a few mentions by the chronicler [[Jan Długosz]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Długosz|first1=Jan|title=Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego, book VI, part 3|date=1973|location=Warsaw}}</ref> and inscriptions from her ceremonial tombstone. Her exact date of birth is not known, nor is the exact order in which the siblings were born, although traditionally she is considered to be the fifth child, older than [[Leszek I the White|Leszek]] and [[Konrad I of Masovia|Konrad]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jasiński|first1=K.|title=Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich|date=2001|location=Poznań}}</ref> Historians disagree over whom she was named for. Various theories include: the maternal grandmother of Casimir I, however this is unlikely, as [[Salomea of Berg]] died when Casimir was only six years old, or after the daughter of [[Bolesław I the Tall|Bolesław]], Duke of Wrocław, with whom Casimir was allied between 1177 and 1184, in which case she had to have been born between those years.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jasiński|first1=K.|title=Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich|date=2001|location=Poznań}}</ref> She never married, nor did she enter a monastery in her youth. This was most likely due to the fact that her father, on his death in 1194, had not yet decided upon her fate.


==Life==
It is likely she became a nun in the [[Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga in Trzebnica]]. It is also probable that she sponsored the construction of the [[Dominican Church and Convent of St. James in Sandomierz]], where she is buried.
[[Jan Długosz]] reported that Adelaide was the daughter of Casimir II the Just.<ref>J. Długosz: ''Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego'', book VI, Warsaw 1973, vol. 3, p. 222; J. Długosz: ''Liber beneficiorum dioecesis Cracoviensis'', vol. 3, Monasteria, Cracoviae 1864, p. 455. The filiation given by Długosz was supported by K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich'', Poznań – Wrocław 2001, pp. 17–22.</ref> It's unknown when she was born. The fact that she never married and entered and became a nun, supports the presumption that at the time of her father's death in 1194 her future wasn't decide.<ref name="Jasiński">K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich'', Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 21.</ref> Her birth date was place between the late 1170s and early 1180s.<ref name="Jasiński"/> By convention among the offspring of Casimir II and Helena of Znojmo she is placed in the fifth place, after Odon (who died in infancy) and before [[Leszek I the White]] and [[Konrad I of Masovia]].<ref name="Jasiński"/>


The origin of her name is unclear. Historians placed three theories about it:<ref>K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich'', Poznań – Wrocław 2001, pp. 20–21.</ref>
*She was probably named after [[Adelaide of Mochental]], maternal grandmother of Casimir II the Just, but the chronological distance between the Countess of Berg and the Piast princess was significant.
*Another possibility was that [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]] and Salomea of Berg had a daughter named Adelaide who died in infancy (and for this probably unnamed in sources) whose tomb would be in the country, and Casimir II's daughter received named his daughter after her.
*She could be named after Adelaida Zbyslava, daughter of [[Bolesław I the Tall]], Casimir II's nephew and his ally for several years. In this case, Adelaide must be born between 1177 and 1184.

Adelaide was the foundress of the [[Dominican Church and Convent of St. James in Sandomierz|Convent of St. James in Sandomierz]], where in 1226 thanks to [[Iwo Odrowąż]], [[Bishop of Kraków]], the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] settled.<ref>Jan Długosz in his work ''Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego'' reported that in 1200 Adelaide founded the Dominican Convent. However, in the work ''Liber beneficiorum dioecesis Cracoviensis'' he said that she only founded a Church. O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', Kraków 1895, pp. 337–338 and K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich'', Poznań – Wrocław 2001, pp. 18–19, said that Adelaide founded a minor Church.</ref> She probably was also a nun in the [[Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga in Trzebnica]] during the rule of the first Abbess Petrissa.<ref>O. Balzer took this report from the 18th century chronicle of Arnold Teicher, quoted in the work of A. Bach: ''Geschichte und Beschreibung des fürstlichen jungfräulichen Klosterstiftes Cistercienser Ordens in Trebnitz...'', issued in Nysa in 1859. However, this work considered that Adelaide was the daughter of Casimir I of Kuyavia and died in 1291. O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów,'' Kraków 1895, p. 418.</ref>
[[File:Ada2.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|Tombstone of Adelaide at St. James Convent, Sandomierz.]]
She died on 8 December 1211,<ref>Date given by Jan Długosz and accepted by O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', Kraków 1895, p. 339, and K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich'', Poznań – Wrocław 2001, pp. 21–22.</ref> and was buried at the Convent of St. James.

At the end of the [[14th century|14th]] and early [[15th century]],<ref>In favor of the first date was K. Jasiński: ''Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich'', Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 22, note. 46; in favor of the second one was S.A. Sroka: ''Adelajda'', [in:] K. Ożóg, S. Szczur (ed.), ''Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny'', Kraków 1999.</ref> was founded her Gothic tombstone. Included a carved convex form of a woman dress in a long dress and coat, with her hear resting on a pillow, his hands clasped in prayer, and around contains an inscription in Latin:

::''hic iacet domicella adleais filia ducis kazimiri fundatrix ilius convet' et obit anno domini milesimo ccxi''.

::In English: ''Here lies Lady Adelaide, daughter of Duke Casimir, foundress of the monastery and died in the year of our Lord 1211''.

The title of the tombstone who mentioned Adelaide as the foundress of the Convent was known by Jan Długosz, but was translated by the Dominicans, and this probably resulted in the error of the source.

===The Theory of a Kuyavian origin===
⚫
[[Image:Głowa Adelajdy.jpg|thumb|200px|The head of Adelaide on the doors of St. James' Church in Sandomierz.]]
Modern research has clarified certain facts regarding her life, in particular, dispelling the theory that she might have been the daughter of [[Casimir I of Kuyavia]], popular in the 19th century. According to this theory, she was born shortly before 7 April 1249 to [[Constance of Wrocław]], making her the sister of the other [[Leszek II the Black|Leszek]] and the family celebration mentioned on said 7 April by [[Siemowit I of Masovia]] referred to her birth.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Balzer|first1=O|title=Genealogia Piastów|date=1895|location=Kraków}}</ref> This placed her date of death as 1291, where the missing C in the Roman numerals was explained away as carelessness by the carver.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Balzer|first1=O|title=Genealogia Piastów|date=1895|location=Kraków}}</ref> However, then she should have been mentioned by the ''Genealogii św. Jadwigi'' (Genealogy of St. Jadwiga), compiled by 1301 by a close relation who would not have ignored her existence.
Modern research has clarified certain facts regarding her life, in particular, dispelling the theory that she might have been the daughter of [[Casimir I of Kuyavia]], popular in the 19th century. According to this theory, she was born shortly before 7 April 1249 to [[Constance of Wrocław]], making her the sister of the other [[Leszek II the Black|Leszek]] and the family celebration mentioned on said 7 April by [[Siemowit I of Masovia]] referred to her birth.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Balzer|first1=O|title=Genealogia Piastów|date=1895|location=Kraków}}</ref> This placed her date of death as 1291, where the missing C in the Roman numerals was explained away as carelessness by the carver.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Balzer|first1=O|title=Genealogia Piastów|date=1895|location=Kraków}}</ref> However, then she should have been mentioned by the ''Genealogii św. Jadwigi'' (Genealogy of St. Jadwiga), compiled by 1301 by a close relation who would not have ignored her existence.


==References==
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*Balzer, O (1895). ''Genealogia Piastów''. Kraków.
*Balzer, O (1895). ''Genealogia Piastów''. Kraków.
*Jasiński, K. (2001). ''Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich''. Poznań.
*Jasiński, K. (2001). ''Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich''. Poznań.
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[[Category:House of Piast]]
[[Category:House of Piast]]
[[Category:Women of medieval Poland]]
[[Category:Women of medieval Poland]]


{{Poland-noble-stub}}
{{Europe-royal-stub}}

Revision as of 22:32, 26 January 2015

Adelaide of Poland
Fragment of an image of Adelaide in a Dominican priory in Sandomierz.
Duchess consort of the Polans
Bornca. late 1170s / early 1180s
Died8 December 1211
HouseHouse of Piast (by birth)
FatherCasimir II the Just
MotherHelen of Znojmo

Adelaide of Poland (Polish: Adelajda Kazimierzówna) (ca. late 1170s / early 1180s - 8 December 1211), was a Polish princess and member of the Piast dynasty.

She was the daughter of Casimir II the Just, Duke of Sandomierz and High Duke of Poland, by his wife Helena of Znojmo , a Přemyslid princess.

On basis of the inscription of her tombstone at the Dominican Church and Convent of St. James in Sandomierz and two different reports of Jan Długosz,[1] modern historians agreed with the origin and facts from Adelaide's life. Today existed a dominant view in historiography consistent with her filiation and death date. According to them, Adelaide was a indeed the daughter of Casimir II the Just and died in 1211, but wasn't the foundress of the Convent of St. James and only another nun there.[2] In the 19th century, appeared a theory which states that Adelaide was the daughter of Casimir I of Kuyavia, who entered in the Convent of St. James as a nun and died there in 1291.[3] This view, accepted by several scholars, has been disputed. More recent historiography recognized her as the daughter of Casimir II the Just, founder of the Convent, in which was she buried after her death in 1211.[4]

Life

Jan Długosz reported that Adelaide was the daughter of Casimir II the Just.[5] It's unknown when she was born. The fact that she never married and entered and became a nun, supports the presumption that at the time of her father's death in 1194 her future wasn't decide.[6] Her birth date was place between the late 1170s and early 1180s.[6] By convention among the offspring of Casimir II and Helena of Znojmo she is placed in the fifth place, after Odon (who died in infancy) and before Leszek I the White and Konrad I of Masovia.[6]

The origin of her name is unclear. Historians placed three theories about it:[7]

  • She was probably named after Adelaide of Mochental, maternal grandmother of Casimir II the Just, but the chronological distance between the Countess of Berg and the Piast princess was significant.
  • Another possibility was that Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg had a daughter named Adelaide who died in infancy (and for this probably unnamed in sources) whose tomb would be in the country, and Casimir II's daughter received named his daughter after her.
  • She could be named after Adelaida Zbyslava, daughter of Bolesław I the Tall, Casimir II's nephew and his ally for several years. In this case, Adelaide must be born between 1177 and 1184.

Adelaide was the foundress of the Convent of St. James in Sandomierz, where in 1226 thanks to Iwo Odrowąż, Bishop of Kraków, the Dominicans settled.[8] She probably was also a nun in the Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga in Trzebnica during the rule of the first Abbess Petrissa.[9]

Tombstone of Adelaide at St. James Convent, Sandomierz.

She died on 8 December 1211,[10] and was buried at the Convent of St. James.

At the end of the 14th and early 15th century,[11] was founded her Gothic tombstone. Included a carved convex form of a woman dress in a long dress and coat, with her hear resting on a pillow, his hands clasped in prayer, and around contains an inscription in Latin:

hic iacet domicella adleais filia ducis kazimiri fundatrix ilius convet' et obit anno domini milesimo ccxi.
In English: Here lies Lady Adelaide, daughter of Duke Casimir, foundress of the monastery and died in the year of our Lord 1211.

The title of the tombstone who mentioned Adelaide as the foundress of the Convent was known by Jan Długosz, but was translated by the Dominicans, and this probably resulted in the error of the source.

The Theory of a Kuyavian origin

The head of Adelaide on the doors of St. James' Church in Sandomierz.

Modern research has clarified certain facts regarding her life, in particular, dispelling the theory that she might have been the daughter of Casimir I of Kuyavia, popular in the 19th century. According to this theory, she was born shortly before 7 April 1249 to Constance of Wrocław, making her the sister of the other Leszek and the family celebration mentioned on said 7 April by Siemowit I of Masovia referred to her birth.[12] This placed her date of death as 1291, where the missing C in the Roman numerals was explained away as carelessness by the carver.[13] However, then she should have been mentioned by the Genealogii św. Jadwigi (Genealogy of St. Jadwiga), compiled by 1301 by a close relation who would not have ignored her existence.

Notes

  1. ^ J. Długosz: Liber beneficiorum dioecesis Cracoviensis, vol. 3, Monasteria, Cracoviae 1864, p. 455; J. Długosz: Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego, book VI, Warsaw 1973, vol. 3, p. 222.
  2. ^ O. Balzer: Genealogia Piastów, Kraków 1895, p. 338; K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 17.
  3. ^ O. Balzer: Genealogia Piastów, Kraków 1895, pp. 337–339.
  4. ^ K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, pp. 17–22.
  5. ^ J. Długosz: Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego, book VI, Warsaw 1973, vol. 3, p. 222; J. Długosz: Liber beneficiorum dioecesis Cracoviensis, vol. 3, Monasteria, Cracoviae 1864, p. 455. The filiation given by Długosz was supported by K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, pp. 17–22.
  6. ^ a b c K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 21.
  7. ^ K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, pp. 20–21.
  8. ^ Jan Długosz in his work Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego reported that in 1200 Adelaide founded the Dominican Convent. However, in the work Liber beneficiorum dioecesis Cracoviensis he said that she only founded a Church. O. Balzer: Genealogia Piastów, Kraków 1895, pp. 337–338 and K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, pp. 18–19, said that Adelaide founded a minor Church.
  9. ^ O. Balzer took this report from the 18th century chronicle of Arnold Teicher, quoted in the work of A. Bach: Geschichte und Beschreibung des fürstlichen jungfräulichen Klosterstiftes Cistercienser Ordens in Trebnitz..., issued in Nysa in 1859. However, this work considered that Adelaide was the daughter of Casimir I of Kuyavia and died in 1291. O. Balzer: Genealogia Piastów, Kraków 1895, p. 418.
  10. ^ Date given by Jan Długosz and accepted by O. Balzer: Genealogia Piastów, Kraków 1895, p. 339, and K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, pp. 21–22.
  11. ^ In favor of the first date was K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich, Poznań – Wrocław 2001, p. 22, note. 46; in favor of the second one was S.A. Sroka: Adelajda, [in:] K. Ożóg, S. Szczur (ed.), Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Kraków 1999.
  12. ^ Balzer, O (1895). Genealogia Piastów. Kraków.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ Balzer, O (1895). Genealogia Piastów. Kraków.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

References

  • Balzer, O (1895). Genealogia Piastów. Kraków.
  • Jasiński, K. (2001). Rodowód Piastów małopolskich i kujawskich. Poznań.
  • Sroka S. A., Adelajda, [in:] Ożóg K., Szczur S. (eds.), Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 1999, ISBN 83-08-02829-2, p. 210.
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