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| death_date = 20 May 1366 (aged 36 or 37)
| death_date = 20 May 1366 (aged 37)
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'''Maria of Calabria''' (May 1329 – 20 May 1366) was a [[Kingdom of Naples|Neapolitan]] princess of the [[Capetian House of Anjou]] whose descendants inherited the crown of Naples following the death of her older sister, [[Joanna I of Naples|Queen Joanna I]].
'''Maria of Calabria''' (May 1329 – 20 May 1366), was a [[Kingdom of Naples|Neapolitan]] princess of the [[Capetian House of Anjou]] whose descendants inherited the crown of Naples following the death of her older sister, [[Joanna I of Naples|Queen Joanna I]].


== Life ==
== Youth and first marriage ==


==Early Years==
Maria was a posthumous daughter of [[Charles, Duke of Calabria]], by his second wife [[Marie of Valois (1309-1332)|Maria of Valois]]. Maria was a younger sister of [[Joanna I of Naples]]. Maria was born approximately six months following her father's death. She was born and raised at the court of her paternal grandfather, [[Robert of Naples|King Robert]], in [[Naples]]. The King died on 20 January 1343. By the provisions of his will, her elder sister Joanna was to become ruler of Naples, while Maria was given the County of Alba and vast inheritance.<ref>
Maria was the fifth and posthumous child of [[Charles, Duke of Calabria]] (eldest son of King [[Robert the Wise]] of Naples), and [[Marie of Valois (1309-1332)|Marie of Valois]] (a sister of King [[Philip VI of France]]). She was born approximately six months following her father's death, on 9 November 1328,<ref>Émile-G. Léonard: ''Histoire de Jeanne Ire, reine de Naples, comtesse de Provence (1343-1382) : La jeunesse de la reine Jeanne'', t. I, Paris et Monaco, Auguste Picard, coll. « Mémoires et documents historiques », 1932, 730 p., p. 110.</ref>. At the time of her birth, from her older three sisters and one brother, only [[Joanna I of Naples|Joanna]], born in March 1328 was alive. Two years later, on 23 October 1331, Marie of Valois also died during a pilgrimage to Bari,<ref>Émile-G. Léonard: ''Histoire de Jeanne Ire, reine de Naples, comtesse de Provence (1343-1382) : La jeunesse de la reine Jeanne'', t. I, Paris et Monaco, Auguste Picard, coll. « Mémoires et documents historiques », 1932, 730 p., p. 142</ref> leaving Maria and her older sister (now heiress of the throne of Naples) orphans. Both where raised at the court of their paternal grandfather, [[Robert of Naples|King Robert]], in [[Naples]].
{{MLCC|warning=1|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm#Mariedied1366 |title= Profile of Maria |date=August 2012}}</ref>


By a [[Papal Bull|Bull]] dated on 30 June 1332, [[Pope John XXII]] officially decreeing that Maria and her older sister would be married to the sons of the King of Hungary, [[Charles I of Hungary|Charles I Robert]]: Joanna was betrothed with [[Andrew, Duke of Calabria|Andrew]], while Maria was destined to his older brother and heir of the Hungarian throne, [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis]]; however, this engagement was conditioned to the fact if Joanna died before her marriage could be consummated, then Maria would be marry Andrew.<ref>[https://books.google.com.pe/books?id=78uwtCNfaNQC&pg=PT33&lpg=PT33&dq=maria+of+calabria+betrothed+to+louis+of+hungary&source=bl&ots=vZwpu2il3s&sig=6kRHEZ9EJ-0ufzFJ455lZpdy2oo&hl=es&sa=X&ei=OtetVIiMGYmbNs2tg_gO&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=maria%20of%20calabria%20betrothed%20to%20louis%20of%20hungary&f=false Nancy Goldstone: ''Joanna: The Notorious Queen Of Naples, Jerusalem And Sicily''] [retrieved 7 January 2015].</ref> In this way, King Robert wanted to reconcile his bloodline with the descendants of his older brother, deprived from the crown of Naples in his favor.
⚫
Maria was intended as a potential bride for either [[Louis I of Hungary]] or [[John II of France]]. Shortly after the death of her grandfather, however, Maria was abducted by Agnes de Périgord, widow of [[John, Duke of Durazzo]]. Agnes arranged the marriage of Maria to her son, [[Charles, Duke of Durazzo]]. The marriage took place on 21 April 1343, the bride being almost fourteen-years-old and the groom twenty.<ref>

The King died on 20 January 1343. By the provisions of his will, her elder sister Joanna was to become ruler of Naples, while Maria was given the County of Alba and a vast inheritance<ref>
{{MLCC|warning=1|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm#Mariedied1366 |title= Profile of Maria |date=August 2012}}</ref> and was also confirmed her betrothal with Prince Louis of Hungary.<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924087981720/cu31924087981720_djvu.txt Francesca Steele: ''The Beautiful Queen: Joanna I of Naples''] [retrieved 7 January 2015].</ref>

===First Marriage===

⚫
Shortly after the death of her grandfather, however, Maria was abducted by Agnes de Périgord, widow of [[John, Duke of Durazzo]]. Agnes arranged the marriage of Maria to her son, [[Charles, Duke of Durazzo]]. The marriage took place on 21 April 1343, the bride being almost fourteen-years-old and the groom twenty.<ref>
{{MLCC|warning=1|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm#Mariedied1366 |title= Profile of Maria |date=August 2012}}</ref> They had five children:
{{MLCC|warning=1|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm#Mariedied1366 |title= Profile of Maria |date=August 2012}}</ref> They had five children:


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{{MLCC|warning=1|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm#Mariedied1366 |title= Profile of Maria |date=August 2012}}</ref> Maria had become a nineteen-year-old widow.
{{MLCC|warning=1|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm#Mariedied1366 |title= Profile of Maria |date=August 2012}}</ref> Maria had become a nineteen-year-old widow.


==Second marriage==
===Second Marriage===


With Charles dead, Maria fled Naples for [[Avignon Papacy|Avignon]]. She sought refuge at the court of [[Pope Clement VI]]. In 1348, the [[Black Death]] reached the [[Italian Peninsula]], forcing the King of Hungary and the majority of his army to retreat back to their homeland in hope of escaping the spreading epidemic. Maria returned to Naples and settled at the [[Chateau de l'Oeuf]].<ref>
With Charles dead, Maria fled Naples for [[Avignon Papacy|Avignon]]. She sought refuge at the court of [[Pope Clement VI]]. In 1348, the [[Black Death]] reached the [[Italian Peninsula]], forcing the King of Hungary and the majority of his army to retreat back to their homeland in hope of escaping the spreading epidemic. Maria returned to Naples and settled at the [[Chateau de l'Oeuf]].<ref>
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Hugh IV was murdered on the orders of Maria's brother-in-law, King Louis, in 1351. Robert succeeded him but was held captive in the Chateau de l'Oeuf. Maria reportedly ordered the assassination of her second husband in 1353, allowing her son to succeed as [[Lords of Baux|Lord of Baux]]. She reportedly witnessed the murder first hand.<ref>Mihail-Dimitri Sturdza, ''Dictionnaire historique et Généalogique des grandes familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de Constantinople'' (1983), p. 504.</ref>
Hugh IV was murdered on the orders of Maria's brother-in-law, King Louis, in 1351. Robert succeeded him but was held captive in the Chateau de l'Oeuf. Maria reportedly ordered the assassination of her second husband in 1353, allowing her son to succeed as [[Lords of Baux|Lord of Baux]]. She reportedly witnessed the murder first hand.<ref>Mihail-Dimitri Sturdza, ''Dictionnaire historique et Généalogique des grandes familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de Constantinople'' (1983), p. 504.</ref>


==Third marriage==
==Third Marriage==


In April, 1355, Maria married her cousin, [[Philip II of Taranto]], who was also brother of her sister's husband. They had five children, all of whom died young:<ref>
In April, 1355, Maria married her cousin, [[Philip II of Taranto]], who was also brother of her sister's husband. They had five children, all of whom died young:<ref>

Revision as of 01:46, 8 January 2015

Maria of Calabria
Countess of Alba
Duchess consort of Durazzo
Lady of Baux
Titular Latin Empress
BornMay 1329
Died20 May 1366 (aged 37)
SpouseCharles, Duke of Durazzo
Robert, Lord of Baux
Philip II, Prince of Taranto
IssueJoanna, Duchess of Durazzo
Agnes, Latin Empress
Margaret, Queen of Hungary
Raymond III, Lord of Baux
Francis, Lord of Aubagne
Phanette of Baux
Ettienette, Lady of Roussillon and Annonya
seven others who died young
HouseCapetian House of Anjou
FatherCharles, Duke of Calabria
MotherMaria of Valois
ReligionRoman Catholic

Maria of Calabria (May 1329 – 20 May 1366), was a Neapolitan princess of the Capetian House of Anjou whose descendants inherited the crown of Naples following the death of her older sister, Queen Joanna I.

Life

Early Years

Maria was the fifth and posthumous child of Charles, Duke of Calabria (eldest son of King Robert the Wise of Naples), and Marie of Valois (a sister of King Philip VI of France). She was born approximately six months following her father's death, on 9 November 1328,[1]. At the time of her birth, from her older three sisters and one brother, only Joanna, born in March 1328 was alive. Two years later, on 23 October 1331, Marie of Valois also died during a pilgrimage to Bari,[2] leaving Maria and her older sister (now heiress of the throne of Naples) orphans. Both where raised at the court of their paternal grandfather, King Robert, in Naples.

By a Bull dated on 30 June 1332, Pope John XXII officially decreeing that Maria and her older sister would be married to the sons of the King of Hungary, Charles I Robert: Joanna was betrothed with Andrew, while Maria was destined to his older brother and heir of the Hungarian throne, Louis; however, this engagement was conditioned to the fact if Joanna died before her marriage could be consummated, then Maria would be marry Andrew.[3] In this way, King Robert wanted to reconcile his bloodline with the descendants of his older brother, deprived from the crown of Naples in his favor.

The King died on 20 January 1343. By the provisions of his will, her elder sister Joanna was to become ruler of Naples, while Maria was given the County of Alba and a vast inheritance[4] and was also confirmed her betrothal with Prince Louis of Hungary.[5]

First Marriage

Shortly after the death of her grandfather, however, Maria was abducted by Agnes de Périgord, widow of John, Duke of Durazzo. Agnes arranged the marriage of Maria to her son, Charles, Duke of Durazzo. The marriage took place on 21 April 1343, the bride being almost fourteen-years-old and the groom twenty.[6] They had five children:

Charles and Maria headed a faction opposing Queen Joanna and her husband, King Louis. On 15 January 1348, Charles was named Lieutenant General and Governor of the Kingdom of Naples. The King and Queen had fled in the face of an invasion by the King of Hungary, Charles apparently seeing an opportunity to claim power in their absence. He was captured by the Hungarians only days later, near Aversa. On 23 January 1348, Charles was decapitated in front of San Pietro a Maiella. His period of power had lasted less than a week.[7] Maria had become a nineteen-year-old widow.

Second Marriage

With Charles dead, Maria fled Naples for Avignon. She sought refuge at the court of Pope Clement VI. In 1348, the Black Death reached the Italian Peninsula, forcing the King of Hungary and the majority of his army to retreat back to their homeland in hope of escaping the spreading epidemic. Maria returned to Naples and settled at the Chateau de l'Oeuf.[8] She was then abducted again, her second captor being Hugh IV, Lord of Baux. He arranged the marriage of Maria to his son and heir Robert, Lord of Baux. The marriage took place in 1348. They had four children:[9]

  • Raymond III, Lord of Baux (d. 1372).
  • Francis of Baux, Lord of Aubagne (d. 1390).
  • Phanette of Baux. Married Ghiberto Terrici.
  • Ettienette of Baux. Married Aymar, Lord of Roussillon and Annonya.

Hugh IV was murdered on the orders of Maria's brother-in-law, King Louis, in 1351. Robert succeeded him but was held captive in the Chateau de l'Oeuf. Maria reportedly ordered the assassination of her second husband in 1353, allowing her son to succeed as Lord of Baux. She reportedly witnessed the murder first hand.[10]

Third Marriage

In April, 1355, Maria married her cousin, Philip II of Taranto, who was also brother of her sister's husband. They had five children, all of whom died young:[11]

  • Philip (1356).
  • Charles (1358).
  • Philip (1360).
  • a child, (1362).
  • a child, (1366).

Maria died in 1366.

Ancestry

Family of Maria of Calabria
16. Charles I of Naples
8. Charles II of Naples
17. Beatrice of Provence
4. Robert of Naples
18. Stephen V of Hungary
9. Maria of Hungary
19. Elizabeth the Cuman
2. Charles, Duke of Calabria
20. James I of Aragon
10. Peter III of Aragon
21. Violant of Hungary
5. Yolanda of Aragon
22. Manfred of Sicily
11. Constance of Sicily
23. Beatrice of Savoy
1. Maria of Calabria
24. Louis IX of France
12. Philip III of France
25. Marguerite of Provence
6. Charles, Count of Valois
26. James I of Aragon (=20)
13. Isabella of Aragon
27. Violant of Hungary (=21)
3. Marie of Valois
28. Guy III, Count of Saint-Pol
14. Guy IV, Count of Saint-Pol
29. Matilda of Brabant
7. Mahaut of Châtillon
30. John II, Duke of Brittany
15. Marie of Brittany
31. Beatrice of England

Notes

  1. ^ Émile-G. Léonard: Histoire de Jeanne Ire, reine de Naples, comtesse de Provence (1343-1382) : La jeunesse de la reine Jeanne, t. I, Paris et Monaco, Auguste Picard, coll. « Mémoires et documents historiques », 1932, 730 p., p. 110.
  2. ^ Émile-G. Léonard: Histoire de Jeanne Ire, reine de Naples, comtesse de Provence (1343-1382) : La jeunesse de la reine Jeanne, t. I, Paris et Monaco, Auguste Picard, coll. « Mémoires et documents historiques », 1932, 730 p., p. 142
  3. ^ Nancy Goldstone: Joanna: The Notorious Queen Of Naples, Jerusalem And Sicily [retrieved 7 January 2015].
  4. ^ Template:MLCC
  5. ^ Francesca Steele: The Beautiful Queen: Joanna I of Naples [retrieved 7 January 2015].
  6. ^ Template:MLCC
  7. ^ Template:MLCC
  8. ^ Template:MLCC
  9. ^ Template:MLCC
  10. ^ Mihail-Dimitri Sturdza, Dictionnaire historique et Généalogique des grandes familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de Constantinople (1983), p. 504.
  11. ^ Template:MLCC

References

Template:MLCC

Titles in pretence
Preceded by — TITULAR —
Latin Empress consort of Constantinople
1364–1366
Reason for succession failure:
Conquest by Empire of Nicaea in 1261 		Succeeded by

Template:Persondata

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