Catherine Ivanovna of Russia: Difference between revisions

Names
	Catherine Ivanovna Romanova

Catherine Ivanovna
Catherine Ivanovna
Tsarevna of Russia; Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Born	20 October 1691; Moscow
Died	14 June 1733 (aged 41); Saint Petersburg
Burial	Alexander Nevsky Monastery
Spouse	Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg
Issue	Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna
Names
Names
	Catherine Ivanovna Romanova
House	House of Romanov
Father	Ivan V of Russia
Mother	Praskovia Saltykova
Religion	Eastern Orthodox

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Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (20 October 1691 – 14 June 1733) was a daughter of Tsar Ivan V and Praskovia Saltykova, eldest sister of Empress Anna of Russia and niece of Peter the Great. By her marriage, she was a Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

Early life

Born in Moscow and baptized at Chudov Monastery, Catherine's godparents were her uncle Tsar Peter I and her great-aunt Princess Tatiana. She was the third of five daughters, but the early deaths of her older sisters Maria (on 23 February 1692, aged three) and Feodosia (five months before her birth on 22 May 1691, aged one) left her as the eldest child of her parents. Two more sisters were born later: Anna, the future Russian Empress, and Praskovia (born 14 October 1694 - died 19 October 1730).

Catherine (reportedly the favorite child of her mother), spent her childhood in her mother's state of Izmaylovo, also the birthplace of her paternal grandfather Tsar Alexis. Like her younger sisters, she received an occidental education: study of German and French languages, dancing and etiquette. Her teachers were Johann-Dietrich Christopher Osterman (brother of the future Vice-Chancellor) and Frenchman Etienne Rambur. From Ivan V's daughters, she seems to be the more capable. In 1708 the family moved to the new capital, Saint Petersburg.

Marriage

According to contemporaries, Catherine was described as a short, dark-haired, and pale beauty and was a popular socialite with her charm and sociability.

At the request of her uncle Peter I, she was married on 19 April 1716 in Danzig to Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He had initially proposed to Catherine's sister Anna (then Dowager Duchess of Courland) but Peter I instead chose Catherine to be his bride. The marriage created a political alliance between Russia and Mecklenburg against Sweden, and was advantageous to Peter, as he wanted to use the port of Mecklenburg to harbour his fleet. According to the marriage contract, the Duke agreed to his future wife keeping her Orthodox faith, and to pay her as a dowry the sum of 6,000 thalers per year. Peter I would, in return, contribute to the Duke's attempts to conquer the town of Wismar. They had one daughter, Elisabeth Catherine Christine, born in Rostock on 18 December 1718.

The marriage was unhappy, as Karl Leopold abused Catherine. She returned to Russia in 1722 with her infant daughter. The couple never divorced, but they never saw each other again.

Life in Russia

On the death of Peter II in 1730, the Supreme Privy Council considered Catherine as a candidate for the tsardom as the eldest daughter of ivan V, but the fear that her spouse would gain influence in Russia and her own independent and capricious nature caused that her widowed younger sister Anna, Duchess of Courland, would be chosen instead, because she was considered more docile.

Catherine was involved in the events of 7 March 1730 , when a large group of nobles (between 150 to 800, according to sources), among whom were many officers of the Guards, arrived to the palace and filed a petition to the Empress. In this petition they requested the re-examination of the form of government that would be pleasing to all the people. Anna hesitated, but Catherine reportedly forced the Empress to sign the petition.

Catherine kept at his court one of the first Russian theaters with serf as actors. Her secretly cohabitation with the naval officer Prince Michail Andreevič Belosel'skij-Belozerskij during the last three years of her life caused her temporary exile to the Urals.^[1]

On 12 May 1733, Catherine was present in her daughter's ceremony of conversion to the Orthodox religion, where she received the name Anna Leopoldovna, in order to made her acceptable as an heir to the throne. Catherine died one month later and was buried next to her mother in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra monastery.

Notes

^ И. В Курукин. Бирон (ЖЗЛ). Молодая гвардия, 2006, p. 215.

Ancestry

Family of Catherine Ivanovna of Russia

16. Feodor Romanov

8. Michael of Russia

17. Xenia Shestova

4. Alexis of Russia

18. Lukyan Stepanovich Streshnyov

9. Eudoxia Streshneva

19. Anna Konstantinovna Volkonskaya

2. Ivan V of Russia

20. Danil Miloslavsky

10. Ilya Miloslavsky

5. Maria Miloslavskaya

1. Catherine Ivanovna of Russia

12. Pyotr Saltykov

6. Fyodor Petrovich Saltykov

3. Praskovia Saltykova

14. Mikhail Tatishchev

7. Anna Mikhailovna Tatishcheva

Sources

Template:Iw-ref

German royalty
Catherine Ivanovna of Russia House of Romanov Born: 20 October 1691 Died: 14 June 1733
Vacant Title last held by Landgravine Sophia Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel	Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 19 April 1716–1728	Succeeded by Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Template:Persondata

[1] И. В Курукин. Бирон (ЖЗЛ). Молодая гвардия, 2006, p. 215.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
-{{Expand Russian|Екатерина Иоанновна|date=June 2012}}
 {{Infobox royalty
 | name         = Catherine Ivanovna
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 ==Early life==
-Born in Moscow and baptized at Chudov Monastery, Catherine's godparents were her uncle [[Peter the Great|Tsar Peter I]] and her great-aunt Princess Tatiana. She was the third of five daughters, but the early deaths of her older sisters Maria (on 23 February 1692, aged three) and Feodosia (five months before her birth on 22 May 1691, aged one) left her as the eldest child of her parents. Two more sisters were born later: Anna, the future Russian Empress, and Praskovia (born 14 October 1694 - died 19 October 1730).
+Born in Moscow and baptized at Chudov Monastery, Catherine's godparents were her uncle [[Peter the Great|Tsar Peter I]] and her great-aunt Princess Tatiana. She was the third of five daughters, but the early deaths of her older sisters Maria (on 23 February 1692, aged three) and Feodosia (five months before her birth on 22 May 1691, aged one) left her as the eldest child of her parents. Two more sisters were born later: [[Anna of Russia|Anna]], the future Russian Empress, and Praskovia (born 14 October 1694 - died 19 October 1730).
-Catherine (reportedly the favorite child of her mother), spent her childhood in her mother's state of [[Izmaylovo Estate|Izmaylovo]], also the birthplace of her paternal grandfather [[Alexis of Russia|Tsar Alexis]]. Like her younger sisters, she received an occidental education: study of German and French languages, dancing and etiquette. Her teachers were Johann-Dietrich Christopher Osterman (brother of the future Vice-Chancellor) and Frenchman Etienne Rambur. In 1708 the family moved to the new capital, [[Saint Petersburg]].
+Catherine (reportedly the favorite child of her mother), spent her childhood in her mother's state of [[Izmaylovo Estate|Izmaylovo]], also the birthplace of her paternal grandfather [[Alexis of Russia|Tsar Alexis]]. Like her younger sisters, she received an occidental education: study of German and French languages, dancing and etiquette. Her teachers were Johann-Dietrich Christopher Osterman (brother of the future Vice-Chancellor) and Frenchman Etienne Rambur. From Ivan V's daughters, she seems to be the more capable. In 1708 the family moved to the new capital, [[Saint Petersburg]].
 ==Marriage==
 According to contemporaries, Catherine was described as a short, dark-haired, and pale beauty and was a popular socialite with her charm and sociability.
-At the request of her uncle Peter I, she was married on 19 April 1716 in [[Danzig]] to the Duke of [[Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Mecklenburg-Schwerin]], [[Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg|Karl Leopold]]. He had initially proposed to Catherine's sister [[Anna of Russia|Anna]] (then Dowager Duchess of Courland) but instead Peter I chose Catherine to be his bride. The marriage created a political alliance between Russia and [[Mecklenburg]] against [[Sweden]], and was advantageous to Peter, as he wanted to use the port of Mecklenburg to harbour his [[Naval fleet|fleet]]. According to the marriage contract, the Duke agreed to his future wife keeping her Orthodox faith, and to pay her as a dowry the sum of 6,000 thalers per year. Peter I would, in return, contribute to the Duke's attempts to conquer the town of [[Wismar]].
+At the request of her uncle Peter I, she was married on 19 April 1716 in [[Danzig]] to [[Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg|Karl Leopold]], Duke of [[Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]. He had initially proposed to Catherine's sister Anna (then Dowager Duchess of Courland) but Peter I instead chose Catherine to be his bride. The marriage created a political alliance between Russia and [[Mecklenburg]] against [[Sweden]], and was advantageous to Peter, as he wanted to use the port of Mecklenburg to harbour his [[Naval fleet|fleet]]. According to the marriage contract, the Duke agreed to his future wife keeping her Orthodox faith, and to pay her as a dowry the sum of 6,000 thalers per year. Peter I would, in return, contribute to the Duke's attempts to conquer the town of [[Wismar]]. They had one daughter, [[Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia|Elisabeth Catherine Christine]], born in [[Rostock]] on 18 December 1718.
-The marriage was unhappy, as Karl Leopold [[Spousal abuse|abused]] Catherine. She escaped to Russia in 1722 with her young daughter [[Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia|Elisabeth Catherine Christine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]. The couple never [[divorce]]d, but they never saw each other again.
+The marriage was unhappy, as Karl Leopold [[Spousal abuse|abused]] Catherine. She returned to Russia in 1722 with her infant daughter. The couple never [[divorce]]d, but they never saw each other again.
+==Life in Russia==
-On the death of [[Peter II of Russia|Peter II]] in 1730, Catherine was considered first as a candidate for the [[Russian Empire|tsardom]], but the fear that her spouse would gain influence in Russia made the council turn to her widowed sister Anna, [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia|Duchess of Courland]], instead. On 12 May 1733, Catherine was present when her daughter converted to the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] religion and was given the name ''Anna Leopoldovna'', which made her acceptable as an heir to the throne. Catherine died one month later.
+On the death of [[Peter II of Russia|Peter II]] in 1730, the [[Supreme Privy Council]] considered Catherine as a candidate for the [[Russian Empire|tsardom]] as the eldest daughter of ivan V, but the fear that her spouse would gain influence in Russia and her own independent and capricious nature caused that her widowed younger sister Anna, [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia|Duchess of Courland]], would be chosen instead, because she was considered more docile.
+[[File:Ekaterina Ioannovna's grave, Blagoveschenskaya church 01 by shakko.JPG|250px|thumbnail|right|Catherine Ivanovna's Gravestone at Alexander Nevsky Lavra. ]]
+Catherine was involved in the events of 7 March 1730 , when a large group of nobles (between 150 to 800, according to sources), among whom were many officers of the Guards, arrived to the palace and filed a petition to the Empress. In this petition they requested the re-examination of the form of government that would be pleasing to all the people. Anna hesitated, but Catherine reportedly forced the Empress to sign the petition.
+Catherine kept at his court one of the first Russian theaters with serf as actors. Her secretly cohabitation with the naval officer Prince Michail Andreevič Belosel'skij-Belozerskij during the last three years of her life caused her temporary exile to the Urals.<ref>И. В Курукин. Бирон (ЖЗЛ). Молодая гвардия, 2006, p. 215.</ref>
+On 12 May 1733, Catherine was present in her daughter's ceremony of conversion to the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] religion, where she received the name ''Anna Leopoldovna'', in order to made her acceptable as an heir to the throne. Catherine died one month later and was buried next to her mother in the [[Alexander Nevsky Lavra]] monastery.
+==Notes==
+{{Reflist}}
 ==Ancestry==

v t e Tsarevnas of Russia
1st generation (Godunovs)	Xenia Borisovna
1st generation (Romanovs)	Irina Mikhailovna Anna Mikhailovna Tatiana Mikhailovna
2nd generation (Romanovs)	Yevdokia Alekseyevna Marfa Alekseyevna Sophia Alekseyevna Ekaterina Alekseyevna Maria Alekseyevna Feodosia Alekseyevna Natalia Alekseyevna
3rd generation (Romanovs)	Catherine Ivanovna, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Anna I Ivanovna Praskovya Ivanovna Anna Petrovna* Elizabeth I Petrovna* Natalia Petrovna*
*raised to Grand Ducal rank in 1721