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==Przemysł II as Independent Duke of Poznań (1273–1279)==
==Przemysł II as Independent Duke of Poznań (1273–1279)==
===Rebellion against his uncle===
In 1273 Przemysł II became an independent Duke of Poznań. The circumstances around this event are not entirely clear.<ref>Also, historiography is not consistent in this regard, and additional confusion exists around the order of events. K. Jasinski, ''Przemysł II'', [in:] ''[[Polish Biographical Dictionary]]'', Vol XXVIII, Wrocław 1984–1985, p. 730, and K. Ożóg: ''Przemysł II'', [in:] ''Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny'', Kraków 1999, pp. 154–155, reports that firstly Przemysł II received its own district, and then, according to the will of Bolesław the Pious, married with Ludgarda of Mecklenburg. Information about the rebellion against his uncle (discussed below), however, seems to suggest that in fact it was the opposite, ie: the prince firstly married Ludgarda, and then, dissatisfied with the lack of influence in the government affairs, rebelled to receive his own patrimony, and as a result he obtained the Duchy of Poznań. This sequence of events is suported by B. Nowacki: ''Przemysł II książę wielkopolski, król Polski 1257–1295'', Poznań 1995, pp. 54–58 and A. Swieżawski: ''Przemysł. Król Polski'', Warsaw 2006, pp. 95-96.</ref> On the basis of only one known source, a document dated 1 October 1273, Przemysł II began to use the title of "dux Poloniae" (''Duke of'' [Greater] ''Poland'').<ref> KDW, Vol. I, No 453.</ref> Additional news where noticed in a document issued on 25 August 1289, in which the Greater Poland ruler gave the villages of Węgielnice and Łagiewnice to the major of Gniezno, Piotr Winiarczyk, in gratitude for help him to escape from the Gniezno fortress (however, when the incident took place wasn't mentioned in the document).<ref>KDW, Vol. II, No. 639.</ref> In light from modern historiography, the events preceding the issue of this document could be as follows: Przemysł II, unhappy with prolonged guardianship of his uncle, and with the support of some powerful Greater Poland magnates<ref>It's unknown who were these people. It only assume that they could be young prince's closest associates during his government over the Duchy of Poznań in 1273-1279. They were: the Governor of Poznań Benjamin Zaremba, the Chancellor and later Bishop of Poznań Andrzej Zaremba, the esquire Pietrzyk, the Poznań Chamberlain Bogusław Domaradzic Grzymał, the Prince's notary Tylon, his confessor Theodoric, and the incumbent Bishop of Poznań Mikołaj I. See B. Nowacki: ''Przemysł II książę wielkopolski, król Polski 1257–1295'', Poznań 1995, pp. 58-59.</ref> decided, regardless of the consecuences, to assert his rights over Poznań. It's unclear at this stage whether there has been any armed incidents; in any case the demands of Przemysł II became so insistent that ended in his imprisonment in the Gniezno castle. It can be assumed<ref>A. Swieżawski: ''Przemysł. Król Polski'', Warsaw 2006, p. 97.</ref> that there wasn't a prison in the proper sense of the word, but under house arrest, during which Przemysł II wasn't too rigorously guarded, since the prince was able to escape from the castle without any outside help. Evidenced by the document issued to Piotr Winiarczyk, in which the writer used the phrase "''qui de nocte consurgens''" , which allows to assume that the clerk was asleep and was completely surprised by the arrival of the prince. In any case, the real cause of this grant of lands given to Winiarczyk by Przemysł II apparently wasn't sure, and probably only equipping him with sufficient means to escape.<ref>Some doubts about this theory raised because the fact that Peter Winiarczyk was rewarded after 16 years of the events. A. Swieżawski: ''Przemysł król Polski'', Warsaw 2006, pp.97-98.</ref>


Before 1277, he became a duke of Poznań, and after the death of his uncle [[Boleslaw the Pious]] in 1279, he became the [[Dukes of Greater Poland|duke of whole of Greater Poland]]. Przemysł held a secret meeting and according to the [[Treaty of Kępno]] (1282), he was co-ruler with [[Mestwin II]], duke of [[Pomerelia]] or Eastern [[Pomerania]]. In 1283 that meeting place, the later [[Kępno]] received from Przemysł city rights under the name of ''Langenfort/vort''. In 1294 Przemysł became the successor at [[Gdańsk]]. In 1287 this alliance had been extended to duke [[Boguslaw IV of Pomerania|Boguslaw IV]] of [[Western Pomerania]].
Before 1277, he became a duke of Poznań, and after the death of his uncle [[Boleslaw the Pious]] in 1279, he became the [[Dukes of Greater Poland|duke of whole of Greater Poland]]. Przemysł held a secret meeting and according to the [[Treaty of Kępno]] (1282), he was co-ruler with [[Mestwin II]], duke of [[Pomerelia]] or Eastern [[Pomerania]]. In 1283 that meeting place, the later [[Kępno]] received from Przemysł city rights under the name of ''Langenfort/vort''. In 1294 Przemysł became the successor at [[Gdańsk]]. In 1287 this alliance had been extended to duke [[Boguslaw IV of Pomerania|Boguslaw IV]] of [[Western Pomerania]].


Revision as of 03:22, 22 June 2014

Przemysł II
19th century portrait by Jan Matejko.
High Duke of Poland
Tenure1290–1291
PredecessorHenry IV Probus
SuccessorWenceslaus II of Bohemia
King of Poland
Tenure1295–1296
Coronation26 June 1295 at Gniezno Cathedral
PredecessorBolesław II the Bold
SuccessorWenceslaus II of Bohemia
Duke of Greater Poland
Tenure1279–1296
PredecessorBolesław the Pious
SuccessorWładysław I the Elbow-high
Born(1257-10-14)14 October 1257
Poznań, Kingdom of Poland
Died8 February 1296(1296-02-08) (aged 38)
Rogoźno, Kingdom of Poland
Burial
at Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań
SpouseLudgarda of Mecklenburg
Ryksa of Sweden
Margaret of Brandenburg
IssueRyksa Elisabeth
HousePiast dynasty
FatherPrzemysł I of Greater Poland
MotherElisabeth of Wrocław

Przemysł II (also given in English and Latin as Premyslas or Premislaus, Polish: Przemysł or less properly Przemysław) (14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296), was the Duke of Poznań during 1257-1279, of Greater Poland during 1279-1296, of Kraków during 1290-1291 and Pomerania during 1294-1296, and then King of Poland from 1295 until his death. After a long period of polish High Dukes, and two nominal kings, he was the first to obtain the hereditary title of King, and for Poland the rank of Kingdom.

Member of the Greater Poland branch of the House of Piast as the only son of Duke Przemysł I and the Silesian princess Elisabeth, he was born posthumously; for this reason he was brought up at the court of his uncle Bolesław the Pious and received her own district to rule, the Duchy of Poznań, only in 1273. Six years later, after the death of his uncle, he also took the Duchy of Kalisz.

In the first period of his government, Przemysł II was involved only the regional affairs, firstly in close colaboration and then competing with the Duke of Wrocław, Henryk IV Probus. This policy caused the rebellion of the prominent family Zaremba and the temporary loss of Wieluń.

Working with the Archbishop of Gniezno, Jakub Świnka, he sought the unification of the principalities of the Piast dynasty. Unexpectedly, in 1290, under the will of Henryk IV Probus, he managed to obtain the Duchy of Wrocław; however, not having sufficient support from the local nobility (who supported other member of the Piast dynasty, Władysław I the Elbow-high) and faced with the increasing threats of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, Przemysł II finally decided to step down from Lesser Poland, which was then under the rule of Přemyslid dynasty.

In 1293, thanks to the mediation of Archbishop Jakub Świnka, he joined into a close alliance with the Kuyavia princes: Elbow-high and Casimir II of Łęczyca. This alliance was anti-Czech, and his goal was to recover Krakow, then at the hands of King Wenceslaus II.

After the death of Duke Mestwin II in 1294, and according to the Treaty of Kępno signed in 1282, Przemysł II inherited Pomerelia. This strengthened his position and allowed his coronation as King of Poland. The ceremony was held on 26 June 1295 in Gniezno, and was performed by his ally Archbishop Jakub Świnka.

Only nine months later, on 8 February 1296, Przemysł II was murdered during a failed kidnapping attempt made by men of the electors of Brandenburg, with some help from the Polish noble families of Nałęcz and Zaremba.

Birth, name and nickname

Przemysł II was the fifth child and only son of Duke Przemysł I of Greater Poland and his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia.

According to the Chronicle of Greater Poland (pl: Kronika wielkopolska),[1] Przemysl II was named after his father, who had died five months before his birth, on 4 June 1257. Form the name of the ruler of Greater Poland in the days of his contemporaries certainly sounded Przemysł (possibly Przemyśl), who could substantially the same as "clever" or "intelligent". However, due to the fact that the word "Przemysł" (en: Industry) means production of a good or service within an economy today, it's reasonable to be considered that his name could be a valid form from Przemysław, especially as this version is undoubtedly more medieval (occurs at the beginning of the 14th century).[2] Another name under which the Duke of Greater Poland was probably known, following the indications of the Roczniku kołbackim,[3] is Peter (pl: Piotr), but Oswald Balzer considered this an obvious mistake.[4] The only one who recognized the name Peter as authentic was K. Górski.[5]

No sources of contemporary rulers provided information about his nickname. Only in sources related with the Teutonic Order from 1335 he is nicknamed Kynast.[6] In current historiography he is sometimes nicknamed Posthumus (pl: Pogrobowiec),[7] but this wasn't universally accepted.

Przemysl II was born on 14 October 1257 in Poznań. Thanks to the Chronicle of Greater Poland is known that he was born in the morning, because according to the text, at a time when Dowager Duchess Elisabeth gave birth to a son, the canons of the city sang morning.[8] At the news of the birth, the local clergy chanted the Te Deum laudamus.[9]

The prince was born nearly four and a half months after the death of his father, so he was posthumous. Shortly after the birth, he was baptized by the Bishop of Poznań, Bogufał III of Czerniejewo.

Under the tutelage of his uncle Bolesław the Pious (1257–1273)

Childhood

At the time of is birth, Przemysł II was the nominal ruler of the Duchy of Poznań. The guardianship of him and the duchy, probably alongside with his mother Elisabeth,[10] was taken by his uncle Duke Bolesław the Pious and his wife, the Hungarian princess Jolenta-Helena. In consecuence the prince remained at the court in Poznań, where his mother raised him. On 16 January 1265 Dowager Duchess Elisabeth died at her estate in Modrze, and since then the total care of the orphan Przemysł II and her sisters was held by their uncle and aunt.

About the education given to Przemysł II exist very little information. Diplomatic sources have retained only the names of two of his teachers: Dragomir and Przybysław.[11] It's assumed (although without any direct evidence) that the prince had some knowledge of at least Latin in speech and writing.[12]

War with Brandenburg. Expedition to Neumark

The next mention of Przemysł II came in 1272, when his uncle Duke Bolesław the Pious appointed him nominal commander of an armed expedition against Brandenburg. The real commanders of the expedition were the Governor of Poznan, Przedpełk and the Castellan of Kalisz, Janko. The expedition was launched on 27 May; in addition to the specific purpose to acquire and destroy the newly built fortress in Strzelce Krajeńskie (or, in case it proved to be impossible, at least the desolation of Neumark), the young prince wa to be educated in the art of war. The project, as was detailed in the Chronicle of Greater Poland,[13] failed completely, because the city of Strzelce Krajeńskie after a short, but extremely fierce battle, was defeated and captured by the Greater Poland army. According to the Chronicle, while gaining command of the fortress, Przemysł II ordened the slaughter of the defenders, and only a few managed to save the life of the prince from the angered citizens.[14]

Shortly after completing the expedition and with the majority of his forces in his way back, Przemysł II received a confidential message that the fortress of Drezdenko was protected by just a few German knights. The young prince, despite the fact that only had a part of his forces, decided to made a quick attack. The complete surprised opponents, fearing the same fate of Strzelce Krajeńskie, decided to surrender the fortress in exchange for a full pardon. After this, Przemysł II took the fortress in the name of his uncle and could triumphantly return home.[15]

In the same year, Przemysł II concluded his first alliance with Duke Mestwin II of Pomerelia. At first ally of the Margraves of Brandenburg, Mestwin II could expelled his brother and uncles from Pomerania and became sole ruler in 1271, but shortly after he was defeated and even imprisoned by them; this caused him to promised the province of Gdańsk to Margrave Conrad of Brandenburg in exchange for aid against his relatives and local nobility, who allied with them. Despite Mestwin II retained the feudal sovereignty over the territory, the Brandenburg Margraviate still occupied the main castles and fortress of the city even after the restoration of Mestwin II in the ducal throne. With his knowledge that his forces are too weak against Brandenburg, the Pomeranian Duke decided then to made an alliance with the Greater Poland rulers, Bolesław the Pious (who probably was his first-cousin)[16] and Przemysł II.

The Greater Poland-Pomerania alliance ended up in regaining the fortresses in Gdańsk and the complete expulsion of the Brandenburg forces from Pomerania. Although soon after Mestwin II decided to conclude a separate peace with the Margraviate, the alliance with Greater Poland signed in 1272 remained in force.[17] The continuous threat of Brandenburg and the uncertainty of the alliance with Mestwin II, caused that Bolesław the Pious began to seek new allies in the case of war, and with this be able to had a decisive assistance. For this purpose, Bolesław decided to seek an agreement with Duke Barnim I of Pomerania.

Marriage with Ludgarda of Mecklenburg

As a part of the newly alliance with Pomerania, was arranged the marriage between Przemysł II and Barnim I's grandaughter Ludgarda,[18] daughter of Henry I the Pilgrim, Lord of Mecklenburg and Anastasia of Pomerania. Apparently, the young prince was pleased with his young bride,[19] following the writes of the Chronicle of Greater Poland:

"And when he saw her, he liked her person. And there in the country of the said Duke Barnim, in the city of Szczecin, took her as a wife. And this happened in his sixteenth year of life (1273)."[20]

After the wedding the couple was briefly separated. Przemysł II came to Greater Poland, where together with his uncle prepared the ceremonial arrival of his wife to Poznań. Finally, together with his uncle, his aunt Jolenta, Bishop Mikołaj I of Poznań and other Greater Poland dignitaries the prince went to the border frontier in Drezdenko, where solemnly brought Ludgarda to her new home. The alliance between Greater Poland and Pomerania was directly against Brandenburg and in 1274, resulted in more than one retaliatory expedition against Greater Poland; taken by surprise, the princes watched how without major obstacles the Brandenburg army came to Poznan, and burned the main fortress of the city.[21] Only after this, the Greater Poland knighthood was hastily organized and could expelled the invasors.

Przemysł II as Independent Duke of Poznań (1273–1279)

Rebellion against his uncle

In 1273 Przemysł II became an independent Duke of Poznań. The circumstances around this event are not entirely clear.[22] On the basis of only one known source, a document dated 1 October 1273, Przemysł II began to use the title of "dux Poloniae" (Duke of [Greater] Poland).[23] Additional news where noticed in a document issued on 25 August 1289, in which the Greater Poland ruler gave the villages of Węgielnice and Łagiewnice to the major of Gniezno, Piotr Winiarczyk, in gratitude for help him to escape from the Gniezno fortress (however, when the incident took place wasn't mentioned in the document).[24] In light from modern historiography, the events preceding the issue of this document could be as follows: Przemysł II, unhappy with prolonged guardianship of his uncle, and with the support of some powerful Greater Poland magnates[25] decided, regardless of the consecuences, to assert his rights over Poznań. It's unclear at this stage whether there has been any armed incidents; in any case the demands of Przemysł II became so insistent that ended in his imprisonment in the Gniezno castle. It can be assumed[26] that there wasn't a prison in the proper sense of the word, but under house arrest, during which Przemysł II wasn't too rigorously guarded, since the prince was able to escape from the castle without any outside help. Evidenced by the document issued to Piotr Winiarczyk, in which the writer used the phrase "qui de nocte consurgens" , which allows to assume that the clerk was asleep and was completely surprised by the arrival of the prince. In any case, the real cause of this grant of lands given to Winiarczyk by Przemysł II apparently wasn't sure, and probably only equipping him with sufficient means to escape.[27]


Before 1277, he became a duke of Poznań, and after the death of his uncle Boleslaw the Pious in 1279, he became the duke of whole of Greater Poland. Przemysł held a secret meeting and according to the Treaty of Kępno (1282), he was co-ruler with Mestwin II, duke of Pomerelia or Eastern Pomerania. In 1283 that meeting place, the later Kępno received from Przemysł city rights under the name of Langenfort/vort. In 1294 Przemysł became the successor at Gdańsk. In 1287 this alliance had been extended to duke Boguslaw IV of Western Pomerania.

According to the last will of Henry IV Probus, duke of Silesia and high-duke of Poland, he inherited in 1290 the provinces of Kraków and Sandomierz (both were called Lesser Poland), but soon ceded them to Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia. As he was the strongest Polish duke of the time, possessed the royal insignia from Kraków, and had support of the clergy for the unification of Poland, he was crowned king of Poland in 1295 by the archbishop of Gniezno, Jakub Świnka, and five other bishops.

In 1296, he was kidnapped by men of the electors of Brandenburg, with some help from the Polish noble families of Nałęcz and Zaremba, and murdered on 8 February in Rogoźno by Jakub Kaszuba.[28] His kingship was short but the revived kingdom survived for the next 500 years.

According to medieval chronicles, he murdered his first wife Ludgarda because she could not bear him children. Ludgarda foresaw his intentions, and beseeched him to spare her life and send her away. He declined and is said to have had her strangled.

Marriages

  1. 1273 Ludgarda, daughter of Henry I the Pilgrim, Duke of Mecklenburg; no children
  2. 1285 Rikissa, daughter of King Valdemar of Sweden; one daughter: Ryksa Elizabeth (1286–1335), married King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia in 1300, secondly King Rudolph I of Bohemia in 1306
  3. 1293 Margaret of Brandenburg, daughter of Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg; no children
  • The Death of King Przemysł II in Rogoźno by Jan Matejko.
    The Death of King Przemysł II in Rogoźno by Jan Matejko.
  • Assassination of King Przemysł II of Poland
    Assassination of King Przemysł II of Poland
  • Przemysł II seal 'Premisl II Dei Gracia Regis Poloniae Domini Pomeraniae[29]
    Przemysł II seal
    'Premisl II Dei Gracia Regis Poloniae Domini Pomeraniae[29]
  • Przemysł II by Aleksander Lesser
    Przemysł II by Aleksander Lesser

Realm of power

Ancestors

Odon of Poznań
Władysław Odonic
Viacheslava Yaroslavna of Halych
Przemysł I
Mściwój I of Gdańsk
Jadwiga of Pomerania
Zwinisława
Przemysł II
Henry I the Bearded
Henry II the Pious
Hedwig of Andechs
Elisabeth of Wrocław
Ottokar I of Bohemia
Anna of Bohemia
Constance of Hungary

References

  1. ^ Kronika wielkopolska, Warsaw 1965, vol. 119, pp. 260-261.
  2. ^ Especially if is compared with the analogous case of the name Wladyslaw, who in earlier sources is in the form Wlodzislaw, possibly Włodko. See K. Jasinski: Genealogia Piastów wielkopolskich. Potomstwo Władysława Odonica, [in:] Nasi Piastowie (Kronika Miasta Poznania, nr 2/95), Poznań 1995, pp. 39-40.
  3. ^ Rocznik Kołbacki: MGH SS, vol. XIX, p. 716.
  4. ^ O. Balzer: Genealogia Piastów, Kraków 1895, pp. 243-250
  5. ^ K. Górski: Śmierć Przemysła II, Roczniki Historyczne, vol. V, Poznań 1929, p. 198.
  6. ^ K. Jasiński: Genealogia Piastów wielkopolskich. Potomstwo Władysława Odonica, [in:] Nasi Piastowie (Kronika Miasta Poznania, nr 2/95), Poznań 1995, p. 53.
  7. ^ For example Z. Boras: Przemysław II. 700-lecie koronacji, Międzychód 1995, p. 14
  8. ^ Kronika wielkopolska, Warsaw 1965, vol. 119, pp. 260-261: "In the same year (ie in 1257) was born the son of Przemysl the Good Duke of Greater Poland, in Poznań, on Sunday morning, the feast of the martyr Saint Callixtus (Pope Callixtus I). And when the canons and vicars of Poznań sang morning prayers at the end of the ninth lesson came and told the news for the birth of a boy. So immediately momentous voice began to sing the Te Deum laudamus - because of the morning the Office, as with joy at the birth of a boy - to praise God that so much grace deigned to comfort the Polish".
  9. ^ B. Nowacki: Przemysł II, książę wielkopolski, król Polski 1257–1295, Poznań 1995, p. 43.
  10. ^ However, it did not encompass the proper Governorship of the Duchy of Poznan, contenting herself with the direct rule over only her oprawą wdowią, the village of Modrze. T. Jurek: Elżbieta [in:] Piastowie Leksykon Biograficzny, edited by S. Szczura and K. Ożóga, Kraków 1999, p. 414.
  11. ^ Their names appeared on a document granted by Bolesław the Pious on 8 November 1267. This document is also the first mention of the Przemysł II. See Codex diplomaticus Poloniae, vol. I, nr 52 and A. Swieżawski: Przemysł. Król Polski, Warsaw 2006, pp. 92-93.
  12. ^ Indirect proof may be indicated that these skills were inherited from his father by his father Przemysł I. Kronika wielkopolska, ed. B. Kürbis, translation by K. Abgarowicz, introduction and commentaries by B. Kürbisówna, Warsaw 1965, vol. 118, pp. 257-260.
  13. ^ Kronika wielkopolska, Warsaw 1965, vol. 161, pp. 295–297.
  14. ^ Some historians, such as A. Swieżawski: Przemysł. Król Polski, Warsaw 2006, pp. 93–94 or Z. Boras, Przemysław II. 700-lecie koronacji, Międzychód 1995, pp. 19–20, believes that in fact only a small part of the defense was actually killed during the acquisition of the fortress, and the survivors of the Greater Poland army, as suggested by Jan Długosz, were who saved Przemysł II's life.
  15. ^ Kronika wielkopolska, Warsaw 1965, pp. 295-297.
  16. ^ Hedwig, mother of Bolesław the Pious, was probably a daughter of Duke Mestwin I of Pomerelia. O. Balzer: Genealogia Piastów, Kraków 1895, p. 221; W. Dworzaczek, Genealogia, Warsaw 1959, arr. 2 and 17; K. Jasinski, Uzupełnienia do genealogii Piastów, "Studies Źródłoznawcze", Vol. V, 1960, p. 100; K. Jasinski: Genealogia Piastów Wielkopolskich. Potomstwo Władysława Odonica, "Kronika Miasta Poznania", Vol. II, 1995, pp. 38-39.
  17. ^ K. Jasiński: Gdańsk w okresie samodzielności politycznej Pomorza Gdańskiego, [in:] Historia Gdańska edited by Edmund Cieślak, Gdańsk 1985, vol. I (to 1454), pp. 283-297.
  18. ^ In contemporary sources, her name is variously recorded as Lucardis, Lucartha or Lukeria. See B. Nowacki: Przemysł II, książę wielkopolski, król Polski 1257–1295, Poznań 1995, p. 54.
  19. ^ It's unknown how many years had Ludgarda at the time of the wedding. Based on indirect sources, historians accept that she could be born around 1259 (B. Nowacki: Przemysł II książę wielkopolski, król Polski 1257–1295, Poznań 1995, p. 54), in 1260 or 1261 ((K. Jasiński: Genealogia Piastów wielkopolskich. Potomstwo Władysława Odonica, [in:] Nasi Piastowie "Kronika Miasta Poznania", nr 2/95, Poznań 1995, p. 54), and finally, about 1261 (A. Swieżawski: Przemysł. Król Polski, Warsaw 2006, p. 94). In consecuence, the Mecklenburg princess would be around 13-15 years at that time.
  20. ^ Kronika wielkopolska, Warsaw 1965, p. 297.
  21. ^ Wspominki poznańskie, [in:] MPH SN, vol. VI, Warsaw 1962, pp. 125; A. Swieżawski: Przemysł. Król Polski, Warsaw 2006, p. 95.
  22. ^ Also, historiography is not consistent in this regard, and additional confusion exists around the order of events. K. Jasinski, Przemysł II, [in:] Polish Biographical Dictionary, Vol XXVIII, Wrocław 1984–1985, p. 730, and K. Ożóg: Przemysł II, [in:] Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Kraków 1999, pp. 154–155, reports that firstly Przemysł II received its own district, and then, according to the will of Bolesław the Pious, married with Ludgarda of Mecklenburg. Information about the rebellion against his uncle (discussed below), however, seems to suggest that in fact it was the opposite, ie: the prince firstly married Ludgarda, and then, dissatisfied with the lack of influence in the government affairs, rebelled to receive his own patrimony, and as a result he obtained the Duchy of Poznań. This sequence of events is suported by B. Nowacki: Przemysł II książę wielkopolski, król Polski 1257–1295, Poznań 1995, pp. 54–58 and A. Swieżawski: Przemysł. Król Polski, Warsaw 2006, pp. 95-96.
  23. ^ KDW, Vol. I, No 453.
  24. ^ KDW, Vol. II, No. 639.
  25. ^ It's unknown who were these people. It only assume that they could be young prince's closest associates during his government over the Duchy of Poznań in 1273-1279. They were: the Governor of Poznań Benjamin Zaremba, the Chancellor and later Bishop of Poznań Andrzej Zaremba, the esquire Pietrzyk, the Poznań Chamberlain Bogusław Domaradzic Grzymał, the Prince's notary Tylon, his confessor Theodoric, and the incumbent Bishop of Poznań Mikołaj I. See B. Nowacki: Przemysł II książę wielkopolski, król Polski 1257–1295, Poznań 1995, pp. 58-59.
  26. ^ A. Swieżawski: Przemysł. Król Polski, Warsaw 2006, p. 97.
  27. ^ Some doubts about this theory raised because the fact that Peter Winiarczyk was rewarded after 16 years of the events. A. Swieżawski: Przemysł król Polski, Warsaw 2006, pp.97-98.
  28. ^ Milliman, Paul (2013). ‘The Slippery Memory of Men’: The Place of Pomerania in the Medieval Kingdom of Poland. Brill. p. 105.
  29. ^ poczet.com, Przemysł II (Pogrobowiec)

Further reading

  • Nowacki, B. Przemysł II.
  • Boras, Z. Poczet piastów wielkopolskich.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Przemysł II of Poland.
Przemysł II
Born: 14 October 1257 Died: 8 February 1296
Regnal titles
Preceded by Duke of Greater Poland
1273–1296 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Duke of Kraków and King of Poland
1290–1291
1295–1296 		Succeeded by

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