Nayakan

This article is about the 1987 Tamil film. For other uses, see Nayakan.

Nayakan
File:Nayagan poster.jpg Promotional poster
Directed by	Mani Ratnam
Written by	Mani Ratnam Balakumaran
Produced by	Muktha Films
Starring	Kamal Haasan Saranya Karthika Janagaraj Nassar
Cinematography	P. C. Sriram
Edited by	B. Lenin V. T. Vijayan
Music by	Ilaiyaraaja
Production company	Muktha Films
Distributed by	Muktha Films
Release date	21 October 1987 (1987-10-21)
Running time	145 minutes
Country	India
Language	Tamil
Budget	₹1 crore

Nayakan ([The Hero] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)), also known as Nayagan, is a 1987 Indian Tamil crime film written and directed by Mani Ratnam and starring Kamal Haasan. It is based on the real-life Bombay underworld don Varada aka Varadarajan Mudaliar, and sympathetically depicts the struggle of South Indians living in Bombay. The film also stars Saranya Ponvannan in her silver screen debut, Karthika, Nassar, Janagaraj, Delhi Ganesh and Tinnu Anand. The soundtrack of the film was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and met with a successful response after release.

The film was released on 21 October 1987 on Diwali day and received critical acclaim worldwide. Kamal Haasan's performance as Velu Naicker earned him a National Film Award for Best Actor. The film also earned the National Award for Best Cinematography (P. C. Sriram) and Best Art Direction (Thotta Tharani). The film was sent by India for the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 60th Academy Awards. In 2005, the Time Magazine included Nayagan in its list of "All-Time 100 Best Films". This has also been included in The Moving Arts Film Journal greatest films of all time. Nayagan was also included as one of 20 greatest Indian films of all time. This list emerged from the 'T20 of Indian Cinema' poll in which 20 experts from around the country - 10 young filmmakers and 10 seasoned critics and scholars participated. CNN-IBN included the film in its list of "100 greatest Indian films of all time".

The film was dubbed in Telugu under the title Nayakudu. It was also remade in Hindi as Dayavan in 1988. A Hindi dub of the film was released in 1999 as Velu Nayakan.

Plot

Sakthivelu "Velu" Nayakan is born to an anti-government union leader (Kitty). The child, Velu, is tricked by the police into locating his father, and then witnesses his father's death in a police shootout. After doing the final death rites of his father, he kills the person who was the cause for his father's death and escapes to Bombay.

Stranded and homeless in the big city, he is rescued by a kind-hearted Muslim fisherman who takes him into his home in the suburban slums of Dharavi. His foster-father is also a small-time smuggler known for his generosity in the slum. Upon his running afoul of a senior crime lord, the corrupt local police officer named Kelkar, arrests the fisherman on smuggling charges and subsequently murders him. Velu Nayakan, now a young man (Kamal Haasan) who has come into his own, goes in search of the officer and bludgeons him to death for as revenge. As an act of remorse over his guilt, he decides to adopt Kelkar's mentally-challenged son Ajith, and raise him as his own.

With this act, he is seen as a saviour and a man to be feared amongst the slum residents. As their godfather and protector, he flourishes by resuming his late foster-father's local smuggling activities. He marries a destitute school-girl-turned-prostitute Neela (Saranya Ponvannan) and has two children. Conflicts and power struggles occur in the smuggling world, in which Neela becomes a casualty. Velu's children are sent away to Chennai as a result and return some years later to their father's home, as young adults.

Velu's son Surya (Nizhalgal Ravi) is eager to join his father in his activities, despite his father's reluctance. For his first real test, he is required to eliminate a potential witness against his father; he does this by hiring outside thugs. They succeed in eliminating the witness, but their failure to cover their tracks leads police to him at a petrol bunk and an accident costs him his life. Velu is heartbroken. Velu's daughter (Karthika) is at odds with her father over his form of justice and killings, but Velu refuses to end his activities. As a last straw, she disowns him and leaves the house.

Several years later, the newly appointed assistant police commissioner (Nassar) starts afresh to bring Velu Nayakan to justice over his alleged activities and manages to secure an arrest warrant. This commissioner is, unbeknownst to both, Velu's son-in-law. After continued pursuit resulting in the thrashings by police and self-immolation of slum dwellers, Velu surrenders to the police to spare the lives of the residents of his slum. He is tried in court but is released due to the lack of adequate evidence. A supportive and emotional crowd gathers at the courthouse, awaiting his release. Velu is greeted by an excited crowd but their joy turns to sorrow when he is shot dead by a grown-up Ajith (Tinnu Anand), who eventually learned the truth behind his biological father's murder.

Cast

• Kamal Haasan as Velu Nayakar
• Saranya Ponvannan as Neela
• Karthika as Charumati
• Nasser as the assistant commissioner / Charu's husband
• Janagaraj as Selvam
• Delhi Ganesh as Aiyyer
• Nizhalgal Ravi as Surya
• Tinnu Anand as Ajith Kelkar
• Kitty as Shaktivelu's father
• M. V. Vasudeva Rao as Hussain Bai
• R. N. Sudarshan as Reddy brothers
• R. N. Jayagopal as Reddy brothers
• Tara as Shyla in extended cameo
• Vijayan as Thurai
• Neena as young Charumathi
• Kuyili as Cameo in song

Production

The original producer Muktha V. Srinivasan had narrated the story to Sivaji Ganesan who agreed to act in the film. Amala was roped in as heroine and paid advance and her dates confirmed. However Ananthu, then an associate of Kamal Haasan, felt that it would be a Sivaji-focused film and not a Kamal Haasan movie. The project was dropped. Kamal later told Srinivasan about a young upcoming director Mani Ratnam. Mani initially planned to complete the shooting in 60 days and 70 rolls of film. The salary for Kamal Haasan was ₹17.5 lakh and the initial budget for the film was ₹60 lakh. But soon, time and cost over-run had nearly doubled the budget. Nevertheless, shooting commenced in November 1986 and the first schedule lasted 10 days. All the scenes that were shot were scrapped and the screenplay had to be rewritten. Shooting was postponed. A new heroine character (the wife of Velu Nayakan) was created and Saranya was introduced. Using photographs of the Dharavi slum, art director Thota Tharani created a set at Venus Studios in Chennai, which turned out three times more expensive than planned.Thousands of junior artists were hired to create that atmosphere. The remaining portion was shot at Bombay.

After the completion of shooting, a press meet was convened where it was revealed that the movie was based on a don Varadaraja Mudaliar’s life. So, the censor board at Chennai initially refused to permit the release of the movie, since it was based on a living person. When the film was completed and the first print was ready, it ran for 3 hours. G. Venkateswaran bought negative rights of the film after Mukhtha Srinivasan sold all the areas to distributors.

Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with lyrics by Pulamaipithan. It has the distinction of being Ilayaraja's 400th film soundtrack. The song "Nee Oru Kaadhal Sangeetham" is featured on both sides of the LP record.

Tamil tracklisting

Side One

No.	Title	Lyrics	Singer(s)	Length
1.	"Naan Sirithal Deepawali"	Pulamaipithan	K. Jamuna Rani, M. S. Rajeswari and chorus
2.	"Nee Oru Kaadhal Sangeetham"	Pulamaipithan	Mano and K. S. Chitra
3.	"Andhi Mazhai Megam"	Pulamaipithan	T. L. Maharajan, P. Susheela and chorus

Side Two

No.	Title	Lyrics	Singer(s)	Length
1.	"Nila Adhu Vaanathumele"	Ilaiyaraaja	Ilaiyaraaja
2.	"Nee Oru Kaadhal Sangeetham"	Pulamaipithan	Mano and K. S. Chitra
3.	"Thenpaandi Cheemayile"	Pulamaipithan	Ilaiyaraaja and Kamal Haasan

Hindi

For the Hindi dub, composers Deepak-Santosh were approached to restore 2 numbers.

Title	Singer(s)	Notes
•"Chaha Humne Tujhe"	Kumar Sanu & Alka Yagnik	Replacement track for "Nee Oru Kaadhal"
"Haiya Ho Haiya Ho"	Leonara Issac & Sudesh Bhosle	"Nila Adhu Vaanathumele" dubbed
"Hazir Hai Dilber Mere Kadmon"	Anupama Deshpande & Mitali Chowdhury	"Naan Sirital Deepawali" dubbed
"Jeevan Ka Sangeet Ho Tum"	Suresh Wadekar & Anupama Deshpande	"Nee Oru Kadhal" dubbed. Not in film.
"Mastiyo Mein Dooba"	Udit Narayan & Sadhana Sargam	"Andhi Mazhai Megham" dubbed
•"Sitam Ki Andhi Se"	Hariharan	Replacement track for "Thenpaandi Cheemayile"

• • indicates tracks composed by Deepak-Santosh.

Reception

Among contemporary critics, Ananda Vikatan said, "After a long time we have seen such an intense film in Tamil Cinema... Congratulations Mani Ratnam. Kamal underplayed his role beautifully and demonstrated his histrionics as a godfather in the film well... The film stands out for its sets, taking, colour, richness and international quality camera work".

However, the film was criticized by reviewer Dennis Schwartz of Ozus' World Movie Reviews, who gave it a "C+" rating and called it a "less than compelling Bollywood crime drama, that comes with a sharp moral twist, colorful location shots and plenty of bouncy modern pop songs of India." He further describes it as an "outrageous award-winning pic."

Awards

The film was sent as India's official entry for the 1988 Academy Awards. However, it was not among the five nominees for the award.

It won the following awards: 1988 National Film Awards

• Best Actor - Kamal Haasan
• Best Cinematography - P. C. Sriram
• Best Art Direction - Thotta Tharani

In 2005, Time Magazine included Nayagan in its "All-Time 100 Best Films" list.

Legacy

The film has been inspired from the influential and iconic American film The Godfather. Post-release, it was considered as a "landmark" film in Indian cinema and attained an iconic status. As a part of its legacy, the film has been acclaimed for being a box-office success whilst containing the critic elements of art. After the film was selected by the TIME magazine as one of the best, insiders of the magazine spoke about Ratnam's work in the film, saying "Ratnam has no such difficulty blending melodrama and music, violence and comedy, realism and delirium, into a two-and-a-half-hour demonstration that, when a gangster's miseries are mounting, the most natural solution is to sing in the rain." The tagline given to the film by TIME was "A terrific gangster epic in the Godfather style." When questioned by film critic Baradwaj Rangan about making a sequel to Nayakan, Ratnam said, "Never. When you finish a film, you're glad to be rid of it. You're happy you don't have to go back to that script again. Been there, done that."

References

Bibliography

• Dhananjayan, G. (2011). The Best of Tamil Cinema: 1977 to 2010. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Rangan, Baradwaj (2012). Conversations with Mani Ratnam. ISBN 8184756909. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Haasan, Kamal (20 October 2012). "'Of course Velu Nayakan doesn't dance'". The Hindu.
• Srinivasan, Mukta (28 October 2012). "'Living in past glory'". The Hindu.
• Ratnam, Mani (3 November 2012). "'Kamal too didn't expect much from the film'". The Hindu.

External links

• Nayakan at IMDb
• Nayakan at Upperstall.com
• All Time Classics-Nayagan - An article on Nayagan