Lafayette Escadrille (film): Difference between revisions
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Relying on his own World War I service, Wellman wrote the original story, based on the actual exploits of a friend from the war years.<ref>Wellman 1918, p. 1.</ref> Earning himself the nickname "Wild Bill", Wellman was first an ambulance driver in the [[List of ambulance drivers during World War I|Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps]], then joined the [[French Foreign Legion]]. <ref>Curtiss, Thomas Quinn. [http://www.iht.com/articles/1994/02/09/cine.php "The Film Career of William Wellman." ]''[[International Herald Tribune]]'' (iht.com), February 9, 1994. Retrieved: March 12, 2012.</ref>On December 3, 1917, assigned as the first American fighter pilot to join N.87 ''escadrille'' in the [[Lafayette Flying Corps]], Wellman went on to score three recorded "kills", along with five probables and to receive the [[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de Guerre]] with two palms.<ref name= "World War I">Silke 1980, p. 57.</ref> |
Relying on his own World War I service, Wellman wrote the original story, based on the actual exploits of a friend from the war years.<ref>Wellman 1918, p. 1.</ref> Earning himself the nickname "Wild Bill", Wellman was first an ambulance driver in the [[List of ambulance drivers during World War I|Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps]], then joined the [[French Foreign Legion]]. <ref>Curtiss, Thomas Quinn. [http://www.iht.com/articles/1994/02/09/cine.php "The Film Career of William Wellman." ]''[[International Herald Tribune]]'' (iht.com), February 9, 1994. Retrieved: March 12, 2012.</ref>On December 3, 1917, assigned as the first American fighter pilot to join N.87 ''escadrille'' in the [[Lafayette Flying Corps]], Wellman went on to score three recorded "kills", along with five probables and to receive the [[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de Guerre]] with two palms.<ref name= "World War I">Silke 1980, p. 57.</ref> |
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Although he considered ''Lafayette Escadrille'' a "personal project", the studio did not give Wellman the budget he demanded and continued to interfere with the project, to the extent that the decisions on starring roles, title, ending and other important aspects of the production were taken out of his hands.<ref>Parish 1990, p. 244.</ref>{{#tag:ref|The original leads that Wellman wanted were [[Paul Newman]] and Clint Eastwood; studio head [[Jack Warner]] refused, and substituted teen idol Tab Hunter and David Janssen, with Eastwood moved to a minor role.<ref>Erickson, Glenn. [http://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s3751lafa.html "Lafayette Escadrille Remastered Edition, Warner Archive Collection."] ''DVD Savant,'' January 14, 2012. Retrieved: March 12, 2012.</ref>|group=N}} |
Although he considered ''Lafayette Escadrille'' a "personal project", the studio did not give Wellman the budget he demanded and continued to interfere with the project, to the extent that the decisions on starring roles, title, ending and other important aspects of the production were taken out of his hands.<ref>Parish 1990, p. 244.</ref>{{#tag:ref|The original leads that Wellman wanted were [[Paul Newman]] and Clint Eastwood; studio head [[Jack Warner]] refused, and substituted teen idol Tab Hunter and David Janssen, with Eastwood moved to a minor role.<ref>Erickson, Glenn. [http://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s3751lafa.html "Lafayette Escadrille Remastered Edition, Warner Archive Collection."] ''DVD Savant,'' January 14, 2012. Retrieved: March 12, 2012.</ref>|group=N}} Warner also insisted Wellman make ''[[Darby's Rangers]]'' as a condition of financing ''Lafayette Escadrille''.<ref name="nat">Nat Segaloff, ''Final Cuts: The Last Films of 50 Great Directors'', Bear Manor Media 2013 p 312-314</ref> |
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The use of mocked-up [[Nieuport 28]] and [[Thomas-Morse Scout]] fighters along with other period aircraft such as one real [[Fokker D.VII]] and the ubiquitous Travelair "Wichita Fokkers" were "lifted" from Wellman's earlier 1938 production, ''[[Men with Wings]]''.{{#tag:ref|''Men with Wings'', an early color feature was also directed by Wellman and is far superior in every respect to to ''Lafayette Escadrille''.<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/83315/Men-with-Wings/notes.html "Notes: Men with Wings (1938)."] ''Turner Classic Movies.'' Retrieved: March 14, 2012.</ref> |group=N}} Principal photography took place primarily at the Hancock [[Santa Maria, California]] airport. Hollywood stunt pilot [[Paul Mantz]], built a number of [[Blériot XI]] "Penguin" clipped-wing and full span training aircraft, used in the training sequences. <ref>Hardwick and Schnepf 1989, p. 58.</ref> |
The use of mocked-up [[Nieuport 28]] and [[Thomas-Morse Scout]] fighters along with other period aircraft such as one real [[Fokker D.VII]] and the ubiquitous Travelair "Wichita Fokkers" were "lifted" from Wellman's earlier 1938 production, ''[[Men with Wings]]''.{{#tag:ref|''Men with Wings'', an early color feature was also directed by Wellman and is far superior in every respect to to ''Lafayette Escadrille''.<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/83315/Men-with-Wings/notes.html "Notes: Men with Wings (1938)."] ''Turner Classic Movies.'' Retrieved: March 14, 2012.</ref> |group=N}} Principal photography took place primarily at the Hancock [[Santa Maria, California]] airport. Hollywood stunt pilot [[Paul Mantz]], built a number of [[Blériot XI]] "Penguin" clipped-wing and full span training aircraft, used in the training sequences. <ref>Hardwick and Schnepf 1989, p. 58.</ref> |
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Wellman's script was rewritten by Paul Fix. Shooting took place 19 October to 8 December 1956.<ref name="nat"/> |
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==Reception== |
==Reception== |
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In the original cut of the film Tab Hunter's character died at the end. However this was poorly received at previews and a new ending was shot in April-May 1957 where he lived.<ref name="nat"/> |
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While the aviation scenes in ''Lafayette Escadrille'' were well received ([[William H. Clothier|William Clothier]] filmed the spectacular aerial sequences, evocative of those he shot in Wellman's earlier silent classic ''[[Wings (film)|Wings]]''), critics said the film falls far short of the classic status of the 1928 Oscar winner. The flying sequences were not enough to overcome a mediocre story and flat acting, aspects roundly panned by critics. Howard Thompson, reviewer for ''The New York Times'' called it a "flapdoodle" in his blistering review. <ref>Thompson, Howard. [http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F03EFD71E30E73BBC4152DFB2668383649EDE " 'Hell Bent For Glory' (1958) Western and 'Lafayette Escadrille' Open."] ''The New York Times'', April 19, 1958. </ref>''Variety'' echoed other reviews, noting, "What could have been an reasonably good actioneer ... has been badly marred by a flat predictability in plot, intrusion of an inept and, at times, ludicrously irrelevant romance and some quite dreadful dialog.''<ref>Parish 1990, p. 245.</ref> |
While the aviation scenes in ''Lafayette Escadrille'' were well received ([[William H. Clothier|William Clothier]] filmed the spectacular aerial sequences, evocative of those he shot in Wellman's earlier silent classic ''[[Wings (film)|Wings]]''), critics said the film falls far short of the classic status of the 1928 Oscar winner. The flying sequences were not enough to overcome a mediocre story and flat acting, aspects roundly panned by critics. Howard Thompson, reviewer for ''The New York Times'' called it a "flapdoodle" in his blistering review. <ref>Thompson, Howard. [http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F03EFD71E30E73BBC4152DFB2668383649EDE " 'Hell Bent For Glory' (1958) Western and 'Lafayette Escadrille' Open."] ''The New York Times'', April 19, 1958. </ref>''Variety'' echoed other reviews, noting, "What could have been an reasonably good actioneer ... has been badly marred by a flat predictability in plot, intrusion of an inept and, at times, ludicrously irrelevant romance and some quite dreadful dialog.''<ref>Parish 1990, p. 245.</ref> |
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Revision as of 06:31, 9 December 2013
| Lafayette Escadrille | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | William A. Wellman |
| Written by | Albert Sidney Fleischman William A. Wellman (story) |
| Produced by | William A. Wellman |
| Starring | Tab Hunter David Janssen Will Hutchins Etchika Choureau |
| Narrated by | William A. Wellman (uncredited)[1] |
| Cinematography | William H. Clothier |
| Edited by | Owen Marks |
| Music by | Leonard Rosenman |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. Pictures |
Release date |
|
Running time | 93 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
Lafayette Escadrille, also known as C'est la Guerre, Hell Bent for Glory (UK) and With You in My Arms, is an American war film produced by Warner Brothers Pictures.[N 1] The film starred Tab Hunter, David Janssen, Will Hutchins and Etchika Choureau and featured Clint Eastwood in an early supporting role. It was the final film in the career of director William A. Wellman and is based on his original story.[3]
The plot of "Lafayette Escadrille" is not dissimilar to the 2006 film Flyboys, which also tells the story of the Escadrille as background to an unrequited love story, while dealing with some of the lesser-known elements of the squadron's history.[4]
Plot
Thad Walker (Tab Hunter), a spoiled, rich kid from Boston, who had gotten in serious trouble with the law, fled to France to join the French Foreign Legion in World War I. In Paris, with companions, "Duke" Sinclair (David Janssen), Dave Putnam (Will Hutchins), Tom Hitchcock (Jody McCrea) and Bill Wellman (William Wellman Jr.), the boys stop at a bar and learn of the recent formation of the Lafayette Escadrille made up of American volunteer pilots who fly for France. The group of expatriates join up and learn to fly on training aircraft before becoming combat pilots.
While off duty, Walker meets and falls in love with Renée Beaulieu (Etchika Choureau), a common streetwalker with some sensitivity; she quits the oldest profession and takes a job, reforming for her American lover's sake. Walker's father beat him, and he resents any kind of authority. When a strutting, arrogant French officer (Marcel Dalio), irritated by the young man's inability to understand commands in French, strikes him, he knocks the officer to the ground, a very serious offense. Before he can be jailed, his pals smuggle Walker out of camp. He then spends a great deal of time hiding in Paris in his sweetheart's apartment. His friends continue with their training while Walker works for the Madam (Veola Vonn), hoping to make enough money to run away to South America with his girlfriend.
Later, the now veteran pilots he had befriended come to the bar and Walker realizes he still wants to redeem himself. Convincing an American general that he is sincere, when the United States enters the war, he joins the American Air Service. [N 2] Walker finally is able to fly a mission with the Lafayette Escadrille, where he proves to be a superb fighter pilot. Returning to Paris, Walker asks his friends to join him as he weds Renée.
Cast
As appearing in Lafayette Escadrille, (main roles and screen credits given, as per credits order, with real-life Lafayette Escadrille and Lafayette Flying Corps pilots on which the characters were based, identified):[6]
- Tab Hunter as Thad Walker
- Etchika Choureau as Renée Beaulieu
- Marcel Dalio as Drill Sergeant
- David Janssen as "Duke" Sinclair (based on Reginald "Duke" Sinclaire)
- Paul Fix as U.S. General
- Veola Vonn as The Madam
- Will Hutchins as Dave Putnam (based on David Endicott Putnam)
- Clint Eastwood as George Moseley (based on George Clark Moseley)
- Robert Hover (credited Bob Hover) as Dave Judd (based on Edward David Judd)
- Tom Laughlin as Arthur Blumenthal (based on Arthur Blumenthal)
- Brett Halsey as Frank Baylies (based on Frank Leamon Bayliss)
- Henry Nakamura as Jimmy
- Maurice Marsac as Sgt. Parris
- Raymond Bailey as Amos J. Walker
- William Wellman Jr. as William A. Wellman (based on William A. Wellman)
- Jody McCrea as Tom Hitchcock (based on Thomas Hitchcock, Jr.)
- Denny Devine (credited Dennis Devine) as Lawrence "Red" Scanlon (based on Lawrence Scanlan)
- Ralph Guldahl as Dudley Tucker (based on Dudley Gilman Tucker)
- Sam Boghosian as Booth
(James Garner's role (uncredited) as Lufberry, based on Raoul Gervais Lufbery is essentially a walk-on role.)
Production
Relying on his own World War I service, Wellman wrote the original story, based on the actual exploits of a friend from the war years.[7] Earning himself the nickname "Wild Bill", Wellman was first an ambulance driver in the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps, then joined the French Foreign Legion. [8]On December 3, 1917, assigned as the first American fighter pilot to join N.87 escadrille in the Lafayette Flying Corps, Wellman went on to score three recorded "kills", along with five probables and to receive the Croix de Guerre with two palms.[3]
Although he considered Lafayette Escadrille a "personal project", the studio did not give Wellman the budget he demanded and continued to interfere with the project, to the extent that the decisions on starring roles, title, ending and other important aspects of the production were taken out of his hands.[9][N 3] Warner also insisted Wellman make Darby's Rangers as a condition of financing Lafayette Escadrille.[11]
The use of mocked-up Nieuport 28 and Thomas-Morse Scout fighters along with other period aircraft such as one real Fokker D.VII and the ubiquitous Travelair "Wichita Fokkers" were "lifted" from Wellman's earlier 1938 production, Men with Wings.[N 4] Principal photography took place primarily at the Hancock Santa Maria, California airport. Hollywood stunt pilot Paul Mantz, built a number of Blériot XI "Penguin" clipped-wing and full span training aircraft, used in the training sequences. [13]
Wellman's script was rewritten by Paul Fix. Shooting took place 19 October to 8 December 1956.[11]
Reception
In the original cut of the film Tab Hunter's character died at the end. However this was poorly received at previews and a new ending was shot in April-May 1957 where he lived.[11]
While the aviation scenes in Lafayette Escadrille were well received (William Clothier filmed the spectacular aerial sequences, evocative of those he shot in Wellman's earlier silent classic Wings), critics said the film falls far short of the classic status of the 1928 Oscar winner. The flying sequences were not enough to overcome a mediocre story and flat acting, aspects roundly panned by critics. Howard Thompson, reviewer for The New York Times called it a "flapdoodle" in his blistering review. [14]Variety echoed other reviews, noting, "What could have been an reasonably good actioneer ... has been badly marred by a flat predictability in plot, intrusion of an inept and, at times, ludicrously irrelevant romance and some quite dreadful dialog.[15]
The Lafayette Escadrille was also totally disowned by those still alive who had flown as part of the fabled Lafayette Escadrille and the Lafayette Flying Corps, who were understandably upset at their portrayal, including Wellman who insisted that his producer's credit be removed.[16] This was to be William Wellman's last directorial effort; it had started out to be a paean to his memories of the storied squadron, but ended up a target for insults, accusations and lawsuits, not the least of which were directed against Jack Warner and Warner Brothers Studios for their heavy-handed interference. [16]The film was shelved for two years, partly because of the wrangling between the two Hollywood heavyweights and partly because of the influence of Hunter's later singing career, that necessitated a "pollyanna" ending grafted into the film.[17] Wellman was "heartbroken" with his treatment at the hands of Jack L. Warner, and kept his word that Lafayette Escadrille would be his last film.[18]
References
- Notes
- ^ Wellman's original title was C'est la Guerre which the studio, despite his objections, changed to Lafayette Escadrille.[2]
- ^ Wellman based the contact with an American general on his own encounter with General John J. "Black Jack" Pershing.[5]
- ^ The original leads that Wellman wanted were Paul Newman and Clint Eastwood; studio head Jack Warner refused, and substituted teen idol Tab Hunter and David Janssen, with Eastwood moved to a minor role.[10]
- ^ Men with Wings, an early color feature was also directed by Wellman and is far superior in every respect to to Lafayette Escadrille.[12]
- Citations
- ^ Thompson 1983, p. 5.
- ^ Wellman 1974, p. 36.
- ^ a b Silke 1980, p. 57.
- ^ "Lafayette Escadrille: Did you Know?" Internet Movie Database. Retrieved: March 12, 2012.
- ^ Thompson 1983, pp. 35–36.
- ^ "Credits: Lafayette Escadrille (1958)." Internet Movie Database. Retrieved: March 12, 2012.
- ^ Wellman 1918, p. 1.
- ^ Curtiss, Thomas Quinn. "The Film Career of William Wellman." International Herald Tribune (iht.com), February 9, 1994. Retrieved: March 12, 2012.
- ^ Parish 1990, p. 244.
- ^ Erickson, Glenn. "Lafayette Escadrille Remastered Edition, Warner Archive Collection." DVD Savant, January 14, 2012. Retrieved: March 12, 2012.
- ^ a b c Nat Segaloff, Final Cuts: The Last Films of 50 Great Directors, Bear Manor Media 2013 p 312-314
- ^ "Notes: Men with Wings (1938)." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: March 14, 2012.
- ^ Hardwick and Schnepf 1989, p. 58.
- ^ Thompson, Howard. " 'Hell Bent For Glory' (1958) Western and 'Lafayette Escadrille' Open." The New York Times, April 19, 1958.
- ^ Parish 1990, p. 245.
- ^ a b Nixon, Rob. "Lafayette Escadrille (1958)." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: March 12, 2012.
- ^ Hunter and Muller 2005, pp. 179–180.
- ^ Wellman 2006, p. xvi.
- Bibliography
- Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Viewer's Guide to Aviation Movies". The Making of the Great Aviation Films, General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989.
- Hunter, Tab and Eddie Muller. Tab Hunter Confidential: The Making of a Movie Star. New York: Algonquin Books, 2005. ISBN 978-1565124660.
- Parish, James Robert. The Great Combat Pictures: Twentieth-Century Warfare on the Screen. Metuchen, New Jersey: The Scarecrow Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0810823150.
- Silke, James R. "Fists, Dames & Wings." Air Progress Aviation Review, Volume 4, No. 4, October 1980.
- Thompson, Frank T. William A. Wellman (Filmmakers Series). Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1983. ISBN 0-8108-1594-X.
- Wellman, William A. Go, Get 'em! The True Adventures of an American Aviator of the Lafayette Flying Corps. Boston: The Page Company, 1918.
- Wellman, William A. A Short Time for Insanity: An Autobiography. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1974. ISBN 0-8015-6804-8.
- Wellman, William Jr. The Man And His Wings: William A. Wellman and the Making of the First Best Picture. New York: Praeger Publishers, 2006. ISBN 0-275-98541-5.
