List of church buildings in Indonesia: Difference between revisions
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'''Central Java''' |
'''Central Java''' |
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* [[Blenduk Church]], [[Semarang]] (1894) |
* [[Blenduk Church]], [[Semarang]] (1894) |
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* GPIB Penabur Church, [[Surakarta]] (1980). The church was built over an older Calvinist church known as ''Indische Kerk'' (1832). The older church was destroyed by a flood in 1966.<ref>[http://www.ebahana.com/warta-432-Nostalgia-yang-Terserak-Sejarah.html Nostalgia yang Terserak Sejarah]</ref> |
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* GPIB Purworejo Church, [[Purworejo]] (1879) |
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* [[Holy Rosary Cathedral (Semarang)|Holy Rosary Cathedral]], Semarang |
* [[Holy Rosary Cathedral (Semarang)|Holy Rosary Cathedral]], Semarang |
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* [[Semarang Cathedral]] (1927) |
* [[Semarang Cathedral]] (1927) |
Revision as of 01:12, 13 August 2013
These are lists of church buildings in Indonesia, based on:
- Completion year of the building.
- Grouped into regions
These lists only include notable church buildings.
History
Precolonialism
There is evidence of the presence of Christian communities (Chaldean Church) in north Sumatra as early as the 7th century[1]
Portuguese Catholicism
Dutch documents tell us that nearly all inhabitants of Ambon were Catholics, introduced by the Portuguese Jesuits, mostly arrived from Goa. Ambon had four fine church buildings and a small hospital, La Misericordia. The Jesuit Church of St. James was from mid-1605 used for Protestant services and in 1630 it was replaced by a stone building called St. Paul's Church.[2]
Dutch Protestantism
In 1605, VOC effectively prohibited Catholic missionary work and so the Spanish directed Catholic activity in some eastern islands from Manila.[1] As a result, many of the earliest well-documented church buildings in the Indonesian archipelago were Protestant churches, these are distributed especially along the north coast of Java, e.g. Batavia (now Jakarta).
In Batavia, VOC officials gave first attention to the city walls, the fortification, the administrative buildings and their own houses. The first church building was a provisional church, erected in 1625 together with the earlier city hall. In 1632 the foundation for a proper church was laid. This was followed by the first stone to be lain in 1640 and the building, known as Oude Hollandse Kerk, "Old Holland Church" was finished in 1643.[3] The Old Holland Church was demolished in 1732 because of damage by an earthquake, but the base is still visible in Jakarta's Museum Wayang.
In 1644, Governor General Antonio van Diemen built a chapel in the Castle at his own expense. Already in 1633, a simple wooden church with straw roof had been built for services in Malay. The Portugese Binnenkerk (Portuguese Church inside the city walls) was built between 1669 and 1672, initially for Malay services, but was also to meet the needs of the Portuguese-speaking Christians. Another Portuguese-language church was built outside the city walls in 1695, the Portugese Buitenkerk, now Gereja Sion, the oldest surviving church building in Indonesia.
20th century attempted synthesis
Early 20th century saw a period where some Dutch architects sought to achieve a synthesis of eastern and western architectural styles. This attempt was apparent in eclectic buildings such as Semarang's Pasar Johar and Bandung Institute of Technology.[4]
Henri Maclaine Pont was one of the example of Dutch architect from this period. One of his masterpiece is the Pohsarang Church (1936) in Kediri which represents his attempt in incorporating Hindu-Buddhist elements into a Western building.[4]
Now
In Indonesia, persecution against Christian churches in Indonesia is still rampant especially in Aceh. In other parts of the predominantly Muslim country, churches are seeing phenomenal growth. Much of it comes from the Pentecostal churches. Pastors say more and more people, including Buddhists and Muslims, are starting to attend Christian services.[5]
Oldest churches in Indonesia
Below is a list of oldest church buildings in Indonesia based on its year of completion. To be listed here, the completion of the church building needs to be at least before the 20th century. Church with alterations which completely changed its look after the 20th century should not be placed in this table.
Name | Images | Location | Year (current building) | Affiliation | Architectural style | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zion Church | Jakarta | 1695[6][7] | Protestant | Portuguese colonial | The oldest church in Jakarta.[6] | |
Tugu Church | Jakarta | 1748 | Protestant | Portuguese colonial/Indies | ||
All Saints Church | Jakarta | 1819 (land purchased)[8] | Anglican | Neoclassical | ||
Emmanuel Church | Jakarta | 1839 | Protestant | Neoclassical | ||
St. Emmanuel's Old Church | Hila, Ambon Island | 1854 | Dutch colonial / Indies | The building was founded in the 18th century. The first building was wooden, later rebuilt using a more permanent material in 1854. On 20 January, 1999, the building was destroyed by arson during Maluku secretarian conflict, but soon was rebuilt without altering its original form.[9] | ||
Old Church of Watumea | Watumea, North Sulawesi | 1872 | Protestant | Indies | The church is the original wooden church building of Watumea, the first church in the city. The heritage wooden church was built in 1868 using local meterial and was inaugurated on December 8, 1872. The design and construction was overseen by Hessel Rooker, a Dutch missionary. Church bell and other church appliances was imported from Germany. On March 4, 2003, the building was made a heritage building by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.[10] | |
St. Joseph's Church | Semarang | 1875 | Roman Catholic | Neogothic | The oldest Roman Catholic church in Semarang. | |
Soya Church | Negeri Soya, Ambon Island | 1876 | Unknown foundation time. In 1876, Raja Stephanus Jacob Rehatta expanded the original building with permanent material. During the leadership of Leonard Lodiwijk Rehatta, the church was renovated in 1927. In 1996, the church was restored and made heritage building under the Maluku Department of History and Archeology. On April 28, 2002, riot occurred in Negeri Soya and the church was destroyed. The building was later rebuilt without altering the original form. | |||
Purworejo Church | Purworejo | 1879 | Protestant | Neogothic | ||
Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan | Mojowarno, East Java | 1879-1881 | Protestant | Neoclassical | The building of the church was pioneered by Kyai Paulus Tosari (Kasan Jariyo), early leader of the Mojowarno congregation. The first laying of the stone was done by Christina Chaterina Kruyt, daughter of the zendeling of Mojowarno at that time, Jan Kruyt, on February 24, 1879. The church was officially inaugurated on March 8, 1881. The church is the center of a local harvest festival called Unduh-unduh annually enacted on May. | |
Jakarta Cathedral | Jakarta | 1891-1901 | Roman Catholic | Neogothic | Because of the lack of fund, the construction was halted for nearly 10 years. | |
Blenduk Church | Semarang | 1894 | Protestant | Baroque | The oldest church established in Central Java, established in 1753. The initial church building had a joglo-style | |
Schwarz Sentrum Church | Lawongan, North Sulawesi | 1895 | Protestant | Indies | The church was founded by Johan Gotlieb Schwarz to convert the local population of animistic belief (Alifuru) into Christianity. The first church was established on 18 April 1847. The current building was built and completed on top of the former church building on 18 April 1895.[11] | |
Bogor Cathedral | Bogor | 1896 | Catholic | Neogothic | ||
Makassar Cathedral | Makassar | 1898 | Catholic | Neogothic | Oldest church in Makassar. | |
Church of the Birth of Our Lady | Surabaya | 1899-1900 | Catholic | Neogothic | Oldest church in Surabaya. First built in 1822 as Maria Geboorte Kerk by Mgr Lambertus Prinsen, it was re-built to its current form in 1899 by Fr J van Zanten SJ, and was concecrated as Onze Lieve Vrouw Geboorte Kerk in 1900 by the Archbishop of Batavia, Mgr Edmundus Luypen SJ. It suffered fire damage during the Battle of Surabaya. |
Largest churches in Indonesia
Below is a list of the largest church buildings in Indonesia based on its capacity. To be listed here, the building capacity must exceed 5,000 and the building must used exclusively for church-related activities.
Name | Images | Building capacity | Area | Year | Location | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bethany Graha Nginden | 35,000 | 2000 | Surabaya | |||
Holy Stadium - Gospel of the Kingdom | 12,000 | 2007 | Semarang | |||
GBI Mawar Saron | 10,000 | 2003 | Kelapa Gading, Jakarta | |||
Messiah Cathedral | 8,000[12] | September 20, 2008[13] | Kemayoran, Jakarta | |||
GBI Rock Denpasar | 5,000 | Denpasar | ||||
GBI Keluarga Allah Solo | 5,000 | Surakarta |
By regions
Java
Jakarta
- All Saints Church (1819)
- Emmanuel Church (1839)
- Gereja Pniel (1915)
- Jakarta Cathedral (1901)
- Koinonia Church (1889)
- Messiah Cathedral
- St. Jacob's Church, Kelapa Gading
- St. Joseph's Church, Matraman (1909)
- St. Paul's Church (1936)
- St. Theresia's Church (1934)
- Tugu Church (1748)
- Zion Church (1695)
-
Gereja Pniel, popularly known as Gereja Ayam, "Cock Church" in Jakarta.
-
St. Joseph's Church in Matraman.
West Java
- Bandung Cathedral, Bandung (1922)
- Bogor Cathedral, Bogor (1896)
- Zebaoth Church, Bogor (1920)
-
Gereja Zebaoth in Bogor.
-
Bogor Cathedral.
Central Java
- Blenduk Church, Semarang (1894)
- GPIB Penabur Church, Surakarta (1980). The church was built over an older Calvinist church known as Indische Kerk (1832). The older church was destroyed by a flood in 1966.[14]
- GPIB Purworejo Church, Purworejo (1879)
- Holy Rosary Cathedral, Semarang
- Semarang Cathedral (1927)
- St. Anthony's Church, Muntilan
- St. Anthony's Church, Surakarta
- St. Joseph's Church, Ambarawa
- St. Joseph's Church, Semarang (1875)
- St. Peter's Church, Surakarta
-
St. Peter's Church of Surakarta.
-
St. Anthony's Church of Surakarta
East Java
- Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Malang
- Church of the Birth of Our Lady, Surabaya, (1899)
- Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan, Mojowarno (1881)
- Mount Carmel Cathedral, Malang
- Pohsarang Church, Pohsarang village (1936)
Yogyakarta
Sumatra
North Sumatra
- Immanuel's Church, Medan (1921)[15][16]
- Gereja Huria Kristen Batak Protestan, Medan (1912)
- Graha Maria Annai Velangkanni, Medan (2005)
- Medan Cathedral, Medan (1879, 1905 (renovated to current form))
- St. Francis of Assisi's Church, Brastagi (2005). The church was built in traditional Batak Karo architecture.[17]
West Sumatra
- Padang Cathedral, Padang
- St. Barbara's Church, Sawahlunto (1920s)[citation needed]
Lampung
- Marturia Church, Bandar Lampung (1948)
-
St. Barbara's Church of Sawahlunto.
-
Immanuel's Church of Medan.
Borneo
South Kalimantan
- Banjarmasin Cathedral, Banjarmasin (1931).[18]
-
Banjarmasin Cathedral.
Sulawesi
North Sulawesi
- Catholic Church of Manado, Manado
- Old Church of Watumea, Watumea (1872)
- Schwarz Sentrum Church, Langowan (1895)
- Sentrum Church, Manado (1952)[19]
- Zion Church, Tomohon (1930). The original wooden church was built at least before 1878, according to the first establishment of the bell tower, which was built in 1878. In 1929, the current church building was built above the original church. The building was inaugurated in 1930. The building is 30x20 meter.[20][21]
South Sulawesi
- Makassar Cathedral, Makassar (1898)
West Sulawesi
- Toraja Church of Mamasa, Mamasa (1929).
-
Former building of the Protestant Church of Makassar.
-
Makassar Cathedral before the addition of bell tower.
-
The original building of the Catholic Church of Manado.
Bali
- Palasari Church
Lesser Sunda Islands
- Old Church of Sikka, Flores
The Moluccas
In Ambon Island, many of the church building, including 18th century St. Immanuel's Old Church of Hila were destroyed during the Maluku sectarian conflict.[9] Some of these churches have been restored by the community.
- Ambon Cathedral, Ambon
- Gereja Maranatha, Ambon
- Joseph Kam's Church
- St. Immanuel's Old Church, Hila (1854)
- Soya Church (1876)
References
- ^ a b Fox, James J. (1998). Indonesian Heritage - Religion and Ritual. Jakarta: Buku Antar Bangsa. pp. 58–59. ISBN 9813018585.
- ^ Jan Sihar Aritonang; Karel Adriaan Steenbrink (2008). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Vol. 35. BRILL. p. 48. ISBN 900417026X, 9789004170261. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
{{cite book}}
: Check|isbn=
value: invalid character (help) - ^ Jan Sihar Aritonang; Karel Adriaan Steenbrink (2008). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Vol. 35. BRILL. p. 122. ISBN 900417026X, 9789004170261. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
{{cite book}}
: Check|isbn=
value: invalid character (help) - ^ a b Gunawan Tjahjono (1998). Indonesian Heritage - Architecture. Singapore: Archipelago Press. p. 122. ISBN 9813018305.
- ^ Talusan, Lucille (July 13, 2012). "Indonesia Churches Explode with Growth". CBN News. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
- ^ a b Witton, Patrick (2003). Indonesia. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. p. 146. ISBN 1-74059-154-2.
- ^ A Heuken SJ (2003). Gereja-gereja Tua di Jakarta (in Indonesian). Cipta Loka Caraka.
- ^ "History of All Saints Church, Jakarta". All Saints Church Jakarta. All Saints Church Jakarta. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
- ^ a b Head, Jonathan (21 February 1999). "Ambon runs short of food". BBC Online. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ Moorrees, F.D.J. (1918). Leven en bedrijf van Hessel Rooker : zendeling leeraar, later hulpprediker te Tondano in de Minahassa (in Dutch). Nijmegen: Ten Hoet.
- ^ Rebby Sumilat (June 4, 2007). "History of Gospel in Langowan". The Minahasa (in Indonesian). Roderick. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
- ^ The Jakarta Post
- ^ gospelherald.net
- ^ Nostalgia yang Terserak Sejarah
- ^ Gereja Immanuel Merupakan Gereja Tertua
- ^ http://medan.panduanwisata.com/wisata-religi/mengagumi-arsitektur-gereja-lama-di-medan/ Mengagumi Arsitektur Gereja Lama di Medan
- ^ "Melongok Sejarah Budaya Sumatera Utara - Bagian 2". Raptim Indonesia. Raptim Indonesia. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
- ^ Gereja Katedral
- ^ http://beritamanado.com/berita-utama/sejarah-gmim-sentrum-manado/7916/ Sejarah GMIM Sentrum Manado
- ^ Gereja Sion Tomohon
- ^ Tomohon-Gereja Tua Sion