Jump to content

List of church buildings in Indonesia: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 5: Line 5:


These lists only include notable church buildings.
These lists only include notable church buildings.

==History==
===Precolonialism===
There is evidence of the presence of Christian communities ([[Chaldean Church]]) in north Sumatra as early as the 7th century<ref name="heritage">{{cite book |last=Fox |first=James J. |authorlink= |title=Indonesian Heritage - Religion and Ritual |url= |accessdate= |year=1998 |publisher=Buku Antar Bangsa |location=Jakarta |isbn=9813018585 |pages=58-59}}</ref>

===Portuguese Catholicism===
Dutch documents tell us that nearly all inhabitants of [[Ambon]] were Catholics, introduced by the Portuguese Jesuits, mostly arrived from Goa. Ambon had four fine church buildings and a small hospital, ''La Misericordia''. The Jesuit Church of St. James was from mid 1605 used for Protestant services and in 1630 it was replaced by a stone building called St. Paul's Church.<ref name="histochrist48">{{cite book |author1=Jan Sihar Aritonang |author2=Karel Adriaan Steenbrink |authorlink= |title=A History of Christianity in Indonesia |url=http://books.google.co.id/books?id=cUoGJSs9yOUC&pg=PA928&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=snippet&q=%22building%22&f=false |accessdate=July 19, 2013 |volume=35 |year=2008 |publisher=BRILL |location= |isbn=900417026X, 9789004170261 |page=48}}</ref> The Old Holland Church was demolished in 1732 because of damage by an earthquake, but the base is still visible in Jakarta's[[Museum Wayang]].

===Dutch Protestantism===
In 1605, VOC effectively prohibited Catholic missionary work and so the Spanish directed Catholic activity in some eastern islands from Manila.<ref name="heritage"/> As a result, many of the earliest well-documented church buildings in the Indonesian archipelago were Protestant churches, these are distributed especially along the north coast of Java, e.g. Batavia (now Jakarta).

[[File:De-Kruis-Kerk-op-Batavia-1682.jpg|thumb|right|The Old Holland Church, whose base is still visible in Museum Wayang.]]
In Batavia, VOC officials gave first attention to the city walls, the fortification, the administrative buildings and their own houses. The first church building was a provisional church, erected in 1625 together with the earlier city hall. In 1632 the foundation for a proper church was laid. This was followed by the first stone to be lain in 1640 and the building, known as ''Oude Hollandse Kerk'', "Old Holland Church" was finished in 1643.<ref name="histochrist122">{{cite book |author1=Jan Sihar Aritonang |author2=Karel Adriaan Steenbrink |authorlink= |title=A History of Christianity in Indonesia |url=http://books.google.co.id/books?id=cUoGJSs9yOUC&pg=PA928&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q=%22church%20building%22&f=false |accessdate=July 19, 2013 |volume=35 |year=2008 |publisher=BRILL |location= |isbn=900417026X, 9789004170261 |page=122}}</ref> The Old Holland Church was demolished in 1732 because of damage by an earthquake, but the base is still visible in Jakarta's[[Museum Wayang]].

[[File:Algr001disp04ill55.gif|thumb|right|Below are two images of the Portuguese church: the ''Portugese Binnenkerk'' (later burned) and the ''Portugese Buitenkerk'', which still survives today.]]
In 1644, Governor General [[Antonio van Diemen]] built a chapel in the [[Batavia Castle|Castle]] at his own expense. Already in 1633, a simple wooden church with straw roof had been built for services in Malay. The ''Portugese Binnenkerk'' (Portuguese Church inside the city walls) was built between 1669 and 1672, initially for Malay services, but was also to meet the needs of the Portuguese-speaking Christians. Another Portuguese-language church was built outside the city walls in 1695, the ''Portugese Buitenkerk'', now [[Gereja Sion]], the oldest surviving church building in Indonesia.


==Oldest churches in Indonesia==
==Oldest churches in Indonesia==

Revision as of 18:30, 27 July 2013

Ganjuran Church of Yogyakarta was built in the 1920s in vernacular Javanese joglo style. Many Indonesian early churches made use of local materials and started in vernacular form. During their expansion, these churches may be altered into another architecture language such as the typical European-style or other form.

These are lists of church buildings in Indonesia, based on:

  • Completion year of the building.
  • Grouped into regions

These lists only include notable church buildings.

History

Precolonialism

There is evidence of the presence of Christian communities (Chaldean Church) in north Sumatra as early as the 7th century[1]

Portuguese Catholicism

Dutch documents tell us that nearly all inhabitants of Ambon were Catholics, introduced by the Portuguese Jesuits, mostly arrived from Goa. Ambon had four fine church buildings and a small hospital, La Misericordia. The Jesuit Church of St. James was from mid 1605 used for Protestant services and in 1630 it was replaced by a stone building called St. Paul's Church.[2] The Old Holland Church was demolished in 1732 because of damage by an earthquake, but the base is still visible in Jakarta'sMuseum Wayang.

Dutch Protestantism

In 1605, VOC effectively prohibited Catholic missionary work and so the Spanish directed Catholic activity in some eastern islands from Manila.[1] As a result, many of the earliest well-documented church buildings in the Indonesian archipelago were Protestant churches, these are distributed especially along the north coast of Java, e.g. Batavia (now Jakarta).

The Old Holland Church, whose base is still visible in Museum Wayang.

In Batavia, VOC officials gave first attention to the city walls, the fortification, the administrative buildings and their own houses. The first church building was a provisional church, erected in 1625 together with the earlier city hall. In 1632 the foundation for a proper church was laid. This was followed by the first stone to be lain in 1640 and the building, known as Oude Hollandse Kerk, "Old Holland Church" was finished in 1643.[3] The Old Holland Church was demolished in 1732 because of damage by an earthquake, but the base is still visible in Jakarta'sMuseum Wayang.

Below are two images of the Portuguese church: the Portugese Binnenkerk (later burned) and the Portugese Buitenkerk, which still survives today.

In 1644, Governor General Antonio van Diemen built a chapel in the Castle at his own expense. Already in 1633, a simple wooden church with straw roof had been built for services in Malay. The Portugese Binnenkerk (Portuguese Church inside the city walls) was built between 1669 and 1672, initially for Malay services, but was also to meet the needs of the Portuguese-speaking Christians. Another Portuguese-language church was built outside the city walls in 1695, the Portugese Buitenkerk, now Gereja Sion, the oldest surviving church building in Indonesia.

Oldest churches in Indonesia

Below is a list of oldest church buildings in Indonesia based on its year of completion. To be listed here, the completion of the church building needs to be at least before the 20th century. Church with alterations which completely changed its look after the 20th century should not be placed in this table.

Name Images Location Year (current building) Affiliation Architectural style Remarks
Zion Church
Jakarta 1695[4][5] Protestant Portuguese colonial The oldest church in Jakarta.[4]
Tugu Church Jakarta 1748 Protestant Portuguese colonial/Indies
Emmanuel Church
Jakarta 1839 Protestant Neoclassical
St. Joseph's Church Semarang 1875 Roman Catholic Neogothic The oldest Roman Catholic church in Semarang.
Blenduk Church
Semarang 1894 (last alteration) Protestant Baroque The oldest church established in Central Java, established in 1753. The initial church building had a joglo-style
Bogor Cathedral
Bogor 1896 Catholic Neogothic
Makassar Cathedral Makassar 1898 Catholic Neogothic Oldest church in Makassar

Largest churches in Indonesia

Below is a list of the largest church buildings in Indonesia based on its capacity. To be listed here, the building capacity must exceed 5,000 and the building must used exclusively for church-related activities.

Name Images Building capacity Area Year Location Remarks
Bethany Graha Nginden 35,000 2000 Surabaya
Holy Stadium - Gospel of the Kingdom 12,000 2007 Semarang
GBI Mawar Saron 10,000 2003 Kelapa Gading, Jakarta
Messiah Cathedral
File:Reformedmilleniumcenter.jpg
 8,000[6] September 20, 2008[7] Kemayoran, Jakarta
GBI Rock Denpasar 5,000 Denpasar
GBI Keluarga Allah Solo 5,000 Surakarta

By regions

Java

  • Jakarta
    • All Saints Anglican Church
    • Emmanuel Church (1839)
    • Gereja Pniel (1915)
    • Jakarta Cathedral (1901)
    • Koinonia Church (1889)
    • Messiah Cathedral
    • St. Jacob's Church, Kelapa Gading
    • St. Joseph's Church, Matraman (1909)
    • St. Paul's Church (1936)
    • St. Theresia's Church (1934)
    • Tugu Church (1748)
    • Zion Church (1695)
  • Gereja Pniel, popularly known as Gereja Ayam, "Cock Church" in Jakarta.
    Gereja Pniel, popularly known as Gereja Ayam, "Cock Church" in Jakarta.
  • St. Joseph's Church in Matraman.
    St. Joseph's Church in Matraman.
  • Gereja Zebaoth in Bogor.
    Gereja Zebaoth in Bogor.
  • East Java
    • Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Malang
    • Gereja Katolik Kelahiran Santa Perawan Maria, Surabaya
    • Mount Carmel Cathedral, Malang
    • Pohsarang Church, Pohsarang village (1936)

Sumatra

Borneo

  • Banjarmasin Cathedral.
    Banjarmasin Cathedral.

Sulawesi

Bali

  • Palasari Church

Lesser Sunda Islands

The Moluccas

References

  1. ^ a b Fox, James J. (1998). Indonesian Heritage - Religion and Ritual. Jakarta: Buku Antar Bangsa. pp. 58–59. ISBN 9813018585.
  2. ^ Jan Sihar Aritonang; Karel Adriaan Steenbrink (2008). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Vol. 35. BRILL. p. 48. ISBN 900417026X, 9789004170261. Retrieved July 19, 2013. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  3. ^ Jan Sihar Aritonang; Karel Adriaan Steenbrink (2008). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Vol. 35. BRILL. p. 122. ISBN 900417026X, 9789004170261. Retrieved July 19, 2013. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  4. ^ a b Witton, Patrick (2003). Indonesia. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. p. 146. ISBN 1-74059-154-2.
  5. ^ A Heuken SJ (2003). Gereja-gereja Tua di Jakarta (in Indonesian). Cipta Loka Caraka.
  6. ^ The Jakarta Post
  7. ^ gospelherald.net
  8. ^ Gereja Immanuel Merupakan Gereja Tertua
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_church_buildings_in_Indonesia&oldid=566050230"