34th Pursuit Squadron

34th Pursuit Squadron
Lt. Lloyd Stinson, 34th Pursuit Squadron Seversky P-35A in combat over the Philippines, 1941.
Active	1940–1946 (Not manned or equipped after May 1942
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Role	Pursuit
Part of	Far East Air Force
Engagements	Philippine Islands (1941–1942)
Decorations	Distinguished Unit Citations:    Philippines, 7 December 1941 – 10 May 1942    Philippines, 8–12 December 1941    Philippines, 6 January – 8 March 1942 Philippine Presidential Unit Citation

The 34th Pursuit Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was wiped out in the Battle of the Philippines (1941–42). The survivors fought as infantry during Battle of Bataan and after their surrender, were subjected to the Bataan Death March, although some did escape to Australia. The unit was never remanned or equipped. It was carried as an active unit until 2 April 1946.

History

Origns

The squadron was organized at Kelly Field, Texas on 22 December 1939 and assigned to the 28th Composite Group. Activated on 1 February 1940 and equipped with P-36 Hawks for training as a part of the Air Corps buildup of forces after the outbreak of World War II in Europe.

The squadron was reassigned to Hamilton Field, California on 30 November 1940, and was programmed for assignment to the Philippines. It was relieved from the 28th CG, and from Hamilton, the personnel of the squadron (without equipment) moved to the Port of Entry, San Fransisco, California and departed on the USAT President Coolidge, arriving Manila, Philippine Islands on 20 November 1941.

The 35th Pursuit Group was scheduled to move from Moffett Field, California to reinforce Far East Air Forces, and the 34th was concurrently attached to the 24th Pursuit Group in the Philippines, awaiting for the 35th to arrive. Upon arrival it was assigned to Del Carmen Field, Luzon, with the 21st Pursuit Squadron transferring its Seversky P-35A fighters to the squadron. The P-35As were manufactured originally for the Swedish Air Force. On 24 October 1940, President Franklin Roosevelt signed an executive order requisitioning all the undelivered EP-106 aircraft and impressing them into the USAAC. These were designated P-35A by the Army, and 40 planes were sent to the Philippines during 1941 to bolster the islands' defenses.

Battle of the Philippines

On 8 December 1941, when the Japanese launched the first air attacks on the Philippines, the P-35A fighters were an important part of the first line of defense of these islands. After the initial Japanese strikes on Clark and Nichols Fields, the Japanese struck at Del Carmen. With only a few minutes notice of the attack, the 34th pursuit pilots prepared to meet the enemy formations. However, the P-35As were completely inadequate for the task. By late 1941 standards, the P-35A was hopelessly obsolescent. It was too lightly armed and lacked either armor around the cockpit or self-sealing fuel tanks. Consequently, the P-35A stood little chance against the Zero fighters and were badly mauled. Most of the P-35As were quickly shot down in combat or else were destroyed on the ground. By December 12, there were only eight airworthy P-35As left.

By 20 December orders were recieved to move south to the Bataan Pensula, and the five remaining aircraft of the 34th attempted to fly to Bataan from Lubao Airfield, but two were shot down as they attempted to land, and a third was destroyed in place when no volunteer could be found to fly it. The last two aircraft of the squadron were flown south to Mindanao on 11 January 1942, transporting several unit personnel In Their luggage compartments.

The last recorded actions by the squadron was on 4 April when the two aircraft briefly returned to Bataan Airfield to evacuate other personnel. One was lost crash landing on Cebu on 10 April. The sole surviving P-35A was turned over to a Capt. Ramon Zosa of the Philippine Army Air Corps on 30 April, and flew its last sortie out of Del Monte Airfield, accompanying a P-40 on a strafing attack of Japanese landings at Macajalar Bay on 3 May. With the collapse of organized United States resistance in the Philippines on 8 May 1942, a few surviving members of the squadron managed to escape from Mindanao to Australia where they were integrated into existing units.

The 34th Pursuit Squadron was never re-manned after the battle. it was simply left on the active list of Fifth Air Force organizations throughout the war. It was inactivated on 2 April 1946; the squadron designation has never been reactivated by the United States Air Force.

Lineage

• Constituted 34th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) on 22 December 1939

Activated on 1 February 1940

Inactivated on 2 April 1946.

Assignments

• 28th Composite Group, 1 February 1940
• 35th Pursuit Group, 30 November 1940 – 15 January 1942

Attached to 24th Pursuit Group, 1 October 1941 – 2 April 1946

Stations

• Kelly Field, Texas, 1 February 1940
• Hamilton Field, California, 30 November 1940– October 1941
• Del Carmen Field, Luzon, Philippines, 1 November 1941
• Bataan Airfield, Luzon, Philippines, c. 25 December 1941– April 1942

Air echelon operated from: Del Monte Airfield, Mindanao, Philippines. 8 April–May 1942

Aircraft

• P-36 Hawk, 1940–1941
• Seversky P-35A, 1941–1942.

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.
• Mauer, Mauer (1969), Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II, Air Force Historical Studies Office, Maxwell AFB, Alabama. ISBN 0-89201-097-5
• The Army Air Forces in World War II, Chapter 6, Pearl Harbor and Clark Field