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! class="unsortable"|Remarks
! class="unsortable"|Remarks
|-
|-
| Breueh / Pulau Brueh / Pulau Bras / ''Willemstoren (former)''
| Breueh / Pulau Brueh / Pulau Bras / ''Willemstoren (former)''<ref name="lh-nsum"/>
| [[Breueh Island]]
| [[Breueh Island]]<ref name="lh-nsum"/>
| [[Aceh]]
| [[Aceh]]<ref name="lh-nsum"/>
| 1875
| 1875<ref name="lh-nsum"/>
| 44 m
| 44 m<ref name="lh-nsum"/>
| 160 m
| 160 m<ref name="lh-nsum"/>
| Active
| Active<ref name="lh-nsum"/>
| [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De vuurtoren op Poeloe-Bras in Atjeh TMnr 60001920.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De vuurtoren op Poeloe-Bras in Atjeh TMnr 60001920.jpg|120px]]
| Round stone tower with lantern and gallery, painted red and white. The lighthouse marks the extreme northwestern corner of Indonesia, [[Weh Island]]. Breueh was devastated by the [[Boxing Day tsunami]], but the lighthouse was far above the waves, although some of its support buildings were destroyed. There are ecotours to the island, and the light station is accessible by road.<ref name="lh-nsum">{{cite web |url=http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/idsu.htm |title=Lighthouses of Indonesia: Northern Sumatra |last1=Russ |first1=Rowlett |last2= |first2= |date=April 13, 2006 |website= |publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. |accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref>
| Round stone tower with lantern and gallery, painted red and white. The lighthouse marks the extreme northwestern corner of Indonesia, [[Weh Island]]. Breueh was devastated by the [[Boxing Day tsunami]], but the lighthouse was far above the waves, although some of its support buildings were destroyed. There are ecotours to the island, and the light station is accessible by road.<ref name="lh-nsum">{{cite web |url=http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/idsu.htm |title=Lighthouses of Indonesia: Northern Sumatra |last1=Russ |first1=Rowlett |last2= |first2= |date=April 13, 2006 |website= |publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. |accessdate=May 1, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Pulau Batu Mandi / Batu Mandi<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
⚫
| Tanjung Cukuhbalambing (''Vlakken Hoek'', Balimbing, Belimbing)
| Batu Mandi Island<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
⚫
| Tanjung Cukuhbalambing
| [[Riau Province|Riau]]<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| [[Lampung]]
| 1880
| ?
| 40 m<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| 58 m
| 43 m<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| 63 m
| Active (Fragile condition)
| Active<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
|
| A square skeletal tower with lantern and gallery, mounted on a 2-story concrete keeper's house. Entire lighthouse painted white. The station is staffed by the Indonesian Navy. Located on a rocky reef near the center of the Malacca Strait, about 13 km east of Pulau Jemur.<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
|-
| Pulau Lengkuas / Langkuas<ref name="babel"/>
| [[Lengkuas Island]]<ref name="babel"/>
| [[Bangka-Belitung Islands]]<ref name="babel"/>
| 1883<ref name="babel"/>
| 57 m<ref name="babel"/>
| 61 m<ref name="babel"/>
| Active<ref name="babel"/>
|
| A 16-sided cast iron tower, painted white with lantern and gallery. his lighthouse is just off the northern point of Belitung, facing the [[Karimata Strait]], which joins the [[South China Sea]] to the [[Java Sea]] between Sumatra and Kalimantan. It was prefabricated by Enthoven at [[The Hague]].<ref name="babel"/>
|-
| Takong Kecil / Pulau Takong Kecil<ref name="risland"/>
| Takong Kecil Island<ref name="risland"/>
| [[Riau Islands]]<ref name="risland"/>
| ? (station established 1910)<ref name="risland"/>
| 30 m<ref name="risland"/>
| 48 m<ref name="risland"/>
| Active<ref name="risland"/>
|
| A tapered octagonal aluminum tower painted in white. The present lighthouse was apparently built sometime shortly after World War II. It was rebuilt in 1998 and its height may have been increased at that time. Eastbound vessels in the strait pass just to the south of the lighthouse. Located on a small island in the strait about 7 km southwest of Singapore's [[Raffles Lighthouse]].<ref name="risland">{{cite web |url=http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/idri.htm |title=Lighthouses of Indonesia: Riau Islands |last1=Russ |first1=Rowlett |last2= |first2= |date=April 13, 2006 |website= |publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. |accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref>
|-
⚫
| Tanjung Cukuhbalambing (''Vlakken Hoek'', Balimbing, Belimbing)<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
⚫
| Tanjung Cukuhbalambing<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| [[Lampung]]<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| 1880<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| 58 m<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| 63 m<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| Active (Fragile condition)<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
|
|
| 16-sided cast iron tower with lantern and gallery, painted white. Prefabricated at [[The Hague]] by Enthoven and Co., this historic lighthouse marks the southern point of Sumatra; it is a landfall light for eastbound ships approaching the [[Sunda Strait]]. The tsunami waves created by the eruption of [[Krakatoa]] in August 1883 damaged the first floor of the lighthouse and destroyed the keeper's house and other station buildings. The light station is now included in the [[Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation]]<ref name="lh-ssum"/><ref>https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/NG-MC-1412 Model van de vuurtoren van Vlakkenhoek op Sumatra, P. Leemans, ca. 1879</ref>
| 16-sided cast iron tower with lantern and gallery, painted white. Prefabricated at [[The Hague]] by Enthoven and Co., this historic lighthouse marks the southern point of Sumatra; it is a landfall light for eastbound ships approaching the [[Sunda Strait]]. The tsunami waves created by the eruption of [[Krakatoa]] in August 1883 damaged the first floor of the lighthouse and destroyed the keeper's house and other station buildings. The light station is now included in the [[Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation]]<ref name="lh-ssum"/><ref>https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/NG-MC-1412 Model van de vuurtoren van Vlakkenhoek op Sumatra, P. Leemans, ca. 1879</ref>
|-
| Tanjung Kelian \ Kalian<ref name="babel"/>
| [[Belitung Regency]]<ref name="babel"/>
| [[Bangka–Belitung Islands]]<ref name="babel"/>
| ? (station established 1862)<ref name="babel"/>
| 50 m<ref name="babel"/>
| 38 m<ref name="babel"/>
| Active<ref name="babel"/>
|
| A round stone tower with lantern and gallery. Lighthouse painted white with a red horizontal band near the top. This lighthouse guides ships entering the [[Bangka Strait]], which separates Sumatra from island of [[Bangka]]. In March 2006 the lighthouse was vandalized, the thieves taking some of the ironwork.<ref name="babel">{{cite web |url=http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/idbb.htm |title=Lighthouses of Indonesia: Bangka-Belitung Islands |last1=Russ |first1=Rowlett |last2= |first2= |date=April 13, 2006 |website= |publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. |accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| Ujung Batumandi / Ujung Sungei Bramei, Padang<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
|
| [[West Sumatra]]<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| ? (station established 1891)<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| 14 m<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| 161 m<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
| Active<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
|
| Second lighthouse in the station. A white round concrete tower with lantern and gallery, rising from a one-storeyed keeper's house. The original lighthouse was a skeletal tower with lantern.<ref name="lh-ssum"/>
|}
|}


Revision as of 06:07, 4 May 2013

Cikoneng lighthouse was built in the 19th century to replace the earlier lighthouse which was completely destroyed by the tsunami caused by the 1883 eruption of Krakatau.

Indonesia, comprised of some 17,000 islands (more than 6000 inhabited islands), has major aids to navigation. Lighthouses are constructed in important marine navigation points. Information about lighthouses in Indonesia is scarce.[1]

The Indonesian word for a lighthouse is mercusuar or sometimes menara suar.

Below is a list of lighthouses in Indonesia. The list is divided into provinces. Tanjung and ujung are words for capes, pulau is an island, selat is a strait, karang is a reef, and teluk is a harbor.

Sumatra

Sumatra is the westernmost of the major islands of Indonesia. It is separated from Malaysia to the north by the Malacca Strait, from Borneo to the northeast by the broad Karimata Strait, and from Java to the southeast by the Sunda Strait.[2]

Lighthouse Location Province Established Height (meter) Focal Plane Status Image Remarks
Breueh / Pulau Brueh / Pulau Bras / Willemstoren (former)[3] Breueh Island[3] Aceh[3] 1875[3] 44 m[3] 160 m[3] Active[3] Round stone tower with lantern and gallery, painted red and white. The lighthouse marks the extreme northwestern corner of Indonesia, Weh Island. Breueh was devastated by the Boxing Day tsunami, but the lighthouse was far above the waves, although some of its support buildings were destroyed. There are ecotours to the island, and the light station is accessible by road.[3]
Pulau Batu Mandi / Batu Mandi[2] Batu Mandi Island[2] Riau[2] ? 40 m[2] 43 m[2] Active[2] A square skeletal tower with lantern and gallery, mounted on a 2-story concrete keeper's house. Entire lighthouse painted white. The station is staffed by the Indonesian Navy. Located on a rocky reef near the center of the Malacca Strait, about 13 km east of Pulau Jemur.[2]
Pulau Lengkuas / Langkuas[4] Lengkuas Island[4] Bangka-Belitung Islands[4] 1883[4] 57 m[4] 61 m[4] Active[4] A 16-sided cast iron tower, painted white with lantern and gallery. his lighthouse is just off the northern point of Belitung, facing the Karimata Strait, which joins the South China Sea to the Java Sea between Sumatra and Kalimantan. It was prefabricated by Enthoven at The Hague.[4]
Takong Kecil / Pulau Takong Kecil[5] Takong Kecil Island[5] Riau Islands[5] ? (station established 1910)[5] 30 m[5] 48 m[5] Active[5] A tapered octagonal aluminum tower painted in white. The present lighthouse was apparently built sometime shortly after World War II. It was rebuilt in 1998 and its height may have been increased at that time. Eastbound vessels in the strait pass just to the south of the lighthouse. Located on a small island in the strait about 7 km southwest of Singapore's Raffles Lighthouse.[5]
Tanjung Cukuhbalambing (Vlakken Hoek, Balimbing, Belimbing)[2] Tanjung Cukuhbalambing[2] Lampung[2] 1880[2] 58 m[2] 63 m[2] Active (Fragile condition)[2] 16-sided cast iron tower with lantern and gallery, painted white. Prefabricated at The Hague by Enthoven and Co., this historic lighthouse marks the southern point of Sumatra; it is a landfall light for eastbound ships approaching the Sunda Strait. The tsunami waves created by the eruption of Krakatoa in August 1883 damaged the first floor of the lighthouse and destroyed the keeper's house and other station buildings. The light station is now included in the Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation[2][6]
Tanjung Kelian \ Kalian[4] Belitung Regency[4] Bangka–Belitung Islands[4] ? (station established 1862)[4] 50 m[4] 38 m[4] Active[4] A round stone tower with lantern and gallery. Lighthouse painted white with a red horizontal band near the top. This lighthouse guides ships entering the Bangka Strait, which separates Sumatra from island of Bangka. In March 2006 the lighthouse was vandalized, the thieves taking some of the ironwork.[4]
Ujung Batumandi / Ujung Sungei Bramei, Padang[2] West Sumatra[2] ? (station established 1891)[2] 14 m[2] 161 m[2] Active[2] Second lighthouse in the station. A white round concrete tower with lantern and gallery, rising from a one-storeyed keeper's house. The original lighthouse was a skeletal tower with lantern.[2]

Java

Java is the world's most populous island with more than 130 million residents. The national capital, Jakarta, is on the northwestern coast of Java.

Lighthouse Location Province Established Height (meter) Focal Plane Status Image Remarks
Cikoneng (Anyer, Tjikoneng, Vierde Punt, Fourth Point) Tanjung Cikoneng Banten 1885 (station established 1855) 58 m 60 m Active The lighthouse was prefabricated at The Hague in the Netherlands by Enthoven and Co. It is one the very few Indonesian lighthouses readily accessible to tourists. The original lighthouse was destroyed by tsunami waves triggered by the catastrophic explosion of the Krakatoa volcano on 27 August 1883. These waves were at least 30 m (100 ft) high, obliterating all traces of the original light station.[1]
Cimiring / Cilacap / Nusa Kambangan Central Java 1870 32 m 178 m Active A white-painted round stone tower with lantern and gallery. Located at the east end of the island of Kambangan, marking the entrance to the port of Cilacap.[7]
Jaga Utara, North Watcher, Noord Wachter (former) / Pulau Sebira Sebira Island Jakarta 1869 48 m 48.5 m Active The oldest surviving Dutch lighthouse in Indonesia. A 16-sided cast iron skeletal tower with lantern, gallery, central cylinder, and a 1-story keeper's house enclosed in the base. Lighthouse painted white. Located on the northernmost island of Thousand Islands archipelago.[1]
Jakarta West Mole North Jakarta Jakarta 1862 16 m 17 m Active A round stone tower, painted white. It is now located adjacent to the Jakarta Fish Port.[1]
Pulau Biawak / Pulau Rakit / Boompjes Eiland (former) Pulau Biawak West Java 1872 14 m 14 m Active 16-sided cast iron skeletal tower with lantern, gallery, and central cylinder. This lighthouse was prefabricated by Leiden in the Netherlands. The present lantern was added in 1911. Located on a small island about 65 km northeast of Kandanghaur in the Java Sea.[1]
Semarang / Tanjung Emmas Semarang Central Java 1883 (station established 1872) 30 m 33 m Active 12-sided cast iron tower painted in white. It contains a lantern and a gallery.[7]
Sembilangan / Ujung Slempit / Range Rear Sembilangan Island East Java 1882 50 m 53 m Active White-painted cast iron tower with lantern and gallery. Located on Sembilangan Island off the extreme western tip of Madura. The lighthouse is both a landfall light and the rear light of a range guiding ships into the channel between Madura and Java to approach the port of Surabaya.[7]
Tanjung Layar / Ujung Kulon, First Point / Eerste Punt (former) Tanjung Layar Banten ? (station established 1877) 30 m 50 m Active The second lighthouse in the station, now demolished and replaced by a metal framework tower. The current lighthouse is the fourth lighthouse in the point. It is a square tapered metal framework tower, painted white. There are several keeper's houses and other station buildings. The area is included in the Ujung Kulon National Park. Previous brick lighthouses has been damaged by earthquake on 1 September 1880 and another in 1906.[1]

Sunda Islands

Lighthouse Location Province Established Height (meter) Focal Plane Status Image Remarks
Kupang / Koepang / Fort Concordia Kupang East Nusa Tenggara ? 13 m 25 m Active It is a skeletal tower painted white. Current lighthouse is the second structure in the point, replacing an earlier Dutch lighthouse.[8]
Tanjung Bungkulan Bungkulan, Buleleng Regency Bali ? 28 m 32 m Active A white-painted, square pyramidal skeletal tower with gallery. Köhler's photo is at the top of this page, and Google has a satellite view. It is located at the northernmost point of Bali, about 15 km northeast of Singaraja.[9]

Kalimantan

Lighthouse Location Province Established Height (meter) Focal Plane Status Image Remarks
Balikpapan / Tanjung Tokong / Tukong Hill Tanjung Tokong East Kalimantan ? 30 m 93 m Active A square skeletal tower with gallery, painted with red and white horizontal bands. The lighthouse marks the entrance to the harbor of Balikpapan. During World War II, Japanese troops took Balikpapan in January 1942 and held it until it was taken by Australian forces in heavy fighting in July 1945.[10]
Pulau Beras Basah East Kalimantan ? 35 m 36 m Active A square pyramidal skeletal tower with gallery. The tower has been enclosed with metal plates. The lighthouse is located on the beach of Beras Basah, a popular resort island almost on the Equator.[10]

Sulawesi

Sulawesi (Celebes) consists of four narrow peninsulas. The Makassar Strait is to the west, separating Sulawesi from Kalimantan (Borneo) to the west. The Celebes Sea is north of the island, the Banda Sea is to the east and southeast, and the Flores Sea is on the south. Makassar is the major port.[11]

Lighthouse Location Province Established Height (meter) Focal Plane Status Image Remarks
Fort Rotterdam Makassar South Sulawesi ? ? Demolished

Papua

The Dutch extended their claim to western New Guinea, world's second-largest island, in 1828, but they established no major settlements until nearly 1900. West Papua remained under Dutch control until 1963, when it was ceded to Indonesia. The principal towns today are Jayapura (formerly Hollandia) and Manokwari in the north, Sorong at the west end of the island, and Merauke in the south.

Lighthouse Location Province Established Height (meter) Focal Plane Status Image Remarks
Oinake Watung, Jayapura Regency Papua 1990s? 37 m 200 m Active Octagonal concrete tower with lantern and gallery. The lighthouse is unpainted white concrete. It is located at the border between Indonesian Papua and the independent nation of Papua New Guinea, near the town of Watung, Papua New Guinea, and about 50 km (30 mi) east of Jayapura, the capital of Indonesia's Papua province.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Russ, Rowlett (April 13, 2006). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Western Java". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Russ, Rowlett (April 13, 2006). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Southern Sumatra". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Russ, Rowlett (April 13, 2006). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Northern Sumatra". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Russ, Rowlett (April 13, 2006). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Bangka-Belitung Islands". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Russ, Rowlett (April 13, 2006). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Riau Islands". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  6. ^ https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/NG-MC-1412 Model van de vuurtoren van Vlakkenhoek op Sumatra, P. Leemans, ca. 1879
  7. ^ a b c Russ, Rowlett (April 13, 2006). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Eastern Java". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  8. ^ Russ, Rowlett (January 10, 2009). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Eastern Sundas". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
  9. ^ Russ, Rowlett (January 10, 2009). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Bali". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  10. ^ a b Russ, Rowlett (December 9, 2008). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Kalimantan". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
  11. ^ Russ, Rowlett (April 13, 2006). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Southern Sulawesi". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  12. ^ Russ, Rowlett (April 13, 2006). "Lighthouses of Indonesia: Western Papua". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved May 1, 2013.

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