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==Places of worship==
==Places of worship==
Five churches in Kew are currently in use:
* [[Kew Baptist Church]]
* [[Kew Baptist Church]]
* [[Our Lady of Loreto and St Winefride's, Kew]] ''(Roman Catholic)''
* [[Our Lady of Loreto and St Winefride's, Kew]] ''(Roman Catholic)''
Line 149: Line 150:
* [[St Luke's Church, Kew]] ''(Anglican)''
* [[St Luke's Church, Kew]] ''(Anglican)''
*[[St Philip and All Saints Church, Kew]] (the Barn Church) ''(Anglican)''
*[[St Philip and All Saints Church, Kew]] (the Barn Church) ''(Anglican)''

Former churches include the late 19th century Cambridge Road Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, previously known as the Gloucester Road Wesleyan Methodist Chapel.<ref name="Wesleyan">{{cite web | url=https://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=370636&disp=Church+records%20%20&columns=*,180,0 | title=Cambridge Road Wesleyan Methodist Chapel (Kew, Surrey): Church records, 1892-1902 | publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] | work=Family History Library Catalog | accessdate=23 April 2013}}</ref>


==Quotes==
==Quotes==

Revision as of 14:58, 23 April 2013

For other uses, see Kew (disambiguation).
Kew
OS grid referenceTQ195775
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townRICHMOND
Postcode districtTW9
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London

Kew is a district in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in South West London. It is situated 7.1 miles (11.4 km) west south-west of Charing Cross.

The Parish Church of Saint Anne, Kew
Temperate House in Kew Gardens

Kew is best known for being the location of the Royal Botanic Gardens, now a World Heritage Site, which includes Kew Palace. Kew is also the home of Domesday Book which is on public display at The National Archives (previously known as the Public Record Office).

During the French Revolution, many refugees established themselves at Kew.[1]

Since 1965 Kew has incorporated the former area of North Sheen[2] which includes St Philip and All Saints, the first barn church to be consecrated in England.[3] It is now in a combined Church of England parish with St Luke's Church, Kew.

"Kew Village" refers to the parades of shops adjoining Kew Gardens station. It contains the Kew Bookshop, a whole foods store, several independent retailers, restaurants and cafes. A village community market [1] is held on the first Sunday of every month. There are also major high street retailers at the nearby Kew Retail Park (originally known as Richmond Retail Park).

Today, Kew is a popular residential area because of its open spaces, schools, transport links and proximity to Kew Gardens. Most of Kew developed in the late 19th century, following the arrival of the District Line of the Underground, and is characterised by large detached or semi-detached houses. Further development took place in the 1920s and 1930s when new houses were built on the market gardens of North Sheen and in the first decade of the 21st century when flats and houses were constructed at Kew Riverside on land formerly owned by Thames Water.

Etymology

The earliest written reference to Kew is thought to be contained in Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars, as the location where the Roman Army forded the Thames in 54 BC.[4] The name Kew is a combination of two words: the Old French kai (landing place; 'quay' derives from this) and Old English hoh (spur of land). The land spur is the bend in the Thames. The name was recorded in 1327 as Cayho.[5]

Royal associations with Kew

The Parish Church of St Anne

Henry V developed a Carthusian monastery to the south west of where Kew Observatory now stands.[6]

Successive Tudor, Stuart and Georgian monarchs maintained links with Kew.

Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester was granted lands at Kew in 1517. When he died in 1526 he left his Kew estates to his third wife, Eleanor, with the remainder to his son George. In 1538 Sir George Somerset sold the house for £200 to Thomas Cromwell, who resold it for the same amount to Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. Brandon had probably already inhabited Kew during the life of his wife Mary Tudor, the daughter of Henry VII and widow of Louis XII. According to John Leland's Cygnea Cantio ("Swan Song"), she stayed in Kew (which he refers to as "Cheva")[7] for a time after her return to England.[1]

One of Henry VIII's closest friends, Henry Norris, lived at Kew Farm,[6] which was later owned by Elizabeth I's favourite, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester.[8] This large palatial house on the Thames riverbank predated the royal palaces of Kew Palace and the White House. Excavations at Kew Gardens in 2009 revealed a wall that may have belonged to the property.[9]

In Elizabeth's reign, and under the Stuarts, houses were developed along Kew Green.[10] West Hall, which survives in West Hall Road, dates from at least the 14th century and the present house was built at the end of the 17th century.[11]

Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James I, was given a household at Kew in 1608.[1]

Queen Anne subscribed to the building of the parish church on Kew Green, which was dedicated to St Anne in 1714, three months before the queen's death.[12]

The Hanoverians maintained the strongest links with Kew, in particular Princess Augusta who founded the botanic gardens[13] and her husband Frederick, Prince of Wales who lived at the White House in Kew. Augusta, as Dowager Princess of Wales, continued to live there until her death in 1721.[14] Frederick commissioned the building of the first substantial greenhouse at Kew Gardens.[15]

In 1721 the future George III and Queen Charlotte moved into the White House at Kew.[14] They established their main summer court at Kew in the 1760s and 1770s and patronised artists such as Thomas Gainsborough and John Zoffany.[16] Queen Charlotte died at the Dutch House in Kew in 1818.[14]

William IV spent most of his early life at Richmond and at Kew Palace, where he was educated by private tutors.[17]

Artists associated with Kew

French painter Camille Pissaro's impression of Kew Green in 1892
"Sarah Kirby (née Bull) and John Joshua Kirby", by Thomas Gainsborough
Marianne North Gallery, Kew Gardens, interior
  • John Joshua Kirby (1716 – 1774) was a landscape painter, engraver, and writer, whose main artistic focus was "linear perspective," based on the ideas of English mathematician Brook Taylor. He was the son of topographer John Kirby, and the father of the writer Sarah Trimmer and the entomologist William Kirby.[24] In 1760 he moved to Kew, where he taught linear perspective to George III.[25] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1767.[26] He died in Kew and is buried at St Anne's[27]
  • Sir Peter Lely (1618 – 1680), portrait painter, had a house on the north side of Kew Green.[28] On almost exactly the same site, Jeremiah Meyer (1735 – 1789), miniaturist to Queen Charlotte and George III, built a house a century later. Meyer is buried at St Anne's[16]
  • Victorian artist Marianne North (1830 – 1890) did not live in Kew, but she left to Kew Gardens her collection of botanic art, painted on her extensive overseas travels, and funded a gallery – the Marianne North Gallery – to house them[29]
  • French Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro (1830 – 1903) stayed in 1892 at 10 Kew Green, on the corner of Gloucester Road, which is marked by a blue plaque.[30] During his stay he painted Kew Gardens – Path to the Great Glasshouse (1892), [2] Kew Greens (1892) [3] and Church at Kew (1892) [4] His third son, Félix Pissarro (1874 – 1897), painter, etcher and caricaturist, died at a sanatorium at 262 Kew Road in 1897[31]
  • The painter Johann Zoffany (1725 – 1810), who lived at Strand-on-the-Green, is buried at St Anne's[16]

Other notable inhabitants

Historical figures

Living people

Transport and locale

The traditional mode of transport between Kew and London, for rich and poor alike, was by water along the Thames which, historically, separated Middlesex (on the north bank) from Surrey (which then included Kew, on the south bank). Kew was connected to Middlesex by ferry. The first bridge crossing the Thames at Kew was built in 1759. The current Kew Bridge, which today carries the South Circular Road (the A205), was opened by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1903.

The A205 road passes through Kew, with Kew Road providing the main road link to Richmond. The M4 motorway starts a short distance north of Kew, providing access to Heathrow Airport and the west. The A316 road starts in Chiswick and continues over Chiswick Bridge and junctions with the South Circular Road at Chalker's Corner.

Since 1869 rail services have been available from Kew Gardens station. London Underground (District Line) services run to Richmond and to central London. London Overground trains run to Richmond and (via Willesden Junction) to Stratford.

Three bus routes serve Kew: the 65,[43] 391[44] and R68.[45]

River bus services are available from Kew Pier. Services operate to Richmond, Hampton Court and to Westminster Pier in central London.[46]

Nearest places
Kew Gardens railway station
Nearest railway stations
Bridges

Parks and open spaces

Kew Green
  • Kew Green includes an old horse pond and is used by Kew Cricket Club [5] for cricket matches in the summer.[47]
  • Kew Pond, northwest of Kew Green, has a reed bed habitat and a resident population of water birds.[48]
  • North Sheen Recreation Ground in Dancer Road, known locally as "The Rec", was originally part of an orchard belonging to the Popham Estate, owned by the Leyborne Pophams whose family seat was at Littlecote House, Wiltshire. Opened in June 1909 and extended in 1923, it now contains football pitches, a running track, a children's paddling pool, two extensive playgrounds, a large dog-free grassed area and a pavilion set amongst trees and shrubs.[49] It is also home to local football club, Kew Park Rangers [6]. A new £1 million sports pavilion[50] was opened in September 2011.[51]
  • Pensford Field,[52] previously playing fields of the former Gainsborough School, is now a nature reserve and also the home of Pensford Tennis Club. [7]
  • St Luke's Open Space was derived from a former Victorian school, and is now a quiet sitting area with toddlers' play equipment.[53]
  • Westerley Ware Recreation Ground, a small garden and recreation ground at the foot of Kew Bridge. It has a memorial garden bordered by hedges, a grass area, three hard tennis courts and a children's playground. Originally created as a memorial garden to the fallen in the First World War, the name refers to the practice of netting weird or "wares" to catch fish.[54]

Sport and leisure

Kew's several other sports clubs include North Sheen Bowling Club [8] on Marksbury Avenue and, on Townmead Road, Putney Town Rowing Club [9] and Richmond Gymnastics Association.[10]

The nearest football club in the Football League is Brentford FC, approximately 1 mile away. The nearest station to the club's proposed new stadium will be Kew Bridge.

Education

Main article: List of schools in Richmond upon Thames

Primary schools

  • Darell Primary and Nursery School [11] is on Darell Road and Niton Road. It opened in 1906, as the Darell Road Schools, at the southern end of what had been the Leyborne-Popham estate.[55] Darell School was Richmond Borough Council’s first primary school and was built in the "Queen Anne" style, in brick with white stone facings. Although it has been extended several times, it is now the only Richmond primary school still in its historic original pre-1914 building.[56]
  • Kew Riverside Primary School [12], on Courtlands Avenue, opened in 2002.[57]
  • The Queen's Church of England Primary School [13] In her will of 1719, Dorothy, Lady Capel of Kew House left to four trustees Perry Court Farm in Kent, which she had inherited from her father. One twelfth of the rent from the farm was to be given to St Anne's Church to establish a school in Kew.[58] In 1810, a "Free School" was opened in the church for 50 children, financed by subscribers who gave one guinea a year, in addition to a contribution by King George III. In 1824 the school moved to a site near the pond on Kew Green. The foundation stone was laid on 12 August, the birthday of King George IV, who gave £300 on condition that it be called "The King's Free School". Queen Victoria gave permission for it to be called "The Queen's School" and decreed that its title should change with that of the monarch. The school moved to Cumberland Road in 1969.[59]

Independent preparatory schools

  • Broomfield School [14], on Broomfield Road, was founded in 1876.[60]
  • Kew College [15], a co-educational school for 3-11 year olds, was originally founded in 1927 by Mrs Ellen Upton in rooms over a shop in Kew. Mrs Upton’s young daughter was one of the first pupils. The school later moved to Cumberland Road. In 1953, Mrs Upton retired and sold the school to Mrs Hamilton-Spry who, in 1985, handed over the buildings to a charitable trust to ensure the school's long term continuity.[61]
  • Kew Green Preparatory School [16], at Layton House, Ferry Lane, near Kew Green, opened in 2004.
  • Unicorn School [17], established in 1970, is a co-educational, parent-owned school on Kew Road, opposite Kew Gardens.

Places of worship

Five churches in Kew are currently in use:

Former churches include the late 19th century Cambridge Road Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, previously known as the Gloucester Road Wesleyan Methodist Chapel.[62]

Quotes

Lilac in Kew Gardens

I am His Highness' dog at Kew;
Pray tell me, sir, whose dog are you?

Epigram, engraved on the Collar of a Dog which I gave to his Royal Highness (Frederick, Prince of Wales) — Alexander Pope, 1688-1744

Trams and dusty trees.
Highbury bore me. Richmond and Kew
Undid me.

The Waste Land, 1922 (T. S. Eliot, 1888-1965)

And the wildest dreams of Kew are the facts of Khatmandhu

In The Neolithic Age, 1892 (Rudyard Kipling, 1865-1936)

Go down to Kew in lilac-time, in lilac-time, in lilac-time;
Go down to Kew in lilac-time (it isn't far from London!)
And you shall wander hand in hand with love in summer's wonderland;
Go down to Kew in lilac-time (it isn't far from London!)

The Barrel-Organ, (Alfred Noyes, 1880-1958)

Lady Croom: My hyacinth dell is become a haunt for
hobgoblins, my Chinese bridge, which I am assured is
superior to the one at Kew, and for all I know at Peking, is
usurped by a fallen obelisk overgrown with briars.

Arcadia (play), 1993 (Tom Stoppard, 1937-)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Malden, H E (editor) (1911). "Parishes: Kew". A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3. pp. 482–487. Retrieved 18 October 2012. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  2. ^ Blomfield, David: Kew Past, p131, Phillimore, 1994
  3. ^ Blomfield, David. The Story of Kew, second edition, p36, Leyborne Publications, 1996
  4. ^ Blomfield, David: Kew Past, p3, Phillimore, 1994
  5. ^ Room, Adrian: Dictionary of Place-Names in the British Isles, Bloomsbury, 1988
  6. ^ a b Blomfield, David: Kew Past, p5, Phillimore, 1994
  7. ^ Leland, John (translated by Sutton, Dana F) (1545). "Cygnea Cantio". Cygnea Cantio (Swan Song). The Philological Museum. Retrieved 18 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Blomfield, David: Kew Past, p12, Phillimore, 1994
  9. ^ "Replacement children's play area: land adjacent to the Climbers and Creepers Building, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: an archeological evaluation" (PDF). Compass Archaeology. September 2009. pp. i and 4. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  10. ^ Blomfield, David: Kew Past, p16, Phillimore, 1994
  11. ^ Blomfield, David: Kew Past, p18, Phillimore, 1994
  12. ^ Blomfield, David: Kew Past, p23, Phillimore, 1994
  13. ^ "Kew, History and Heritage". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  14. ^ a b c "Royal Richmond timeline". Local history timelines. London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  15. ^ Blomfield, David: Kew Past, p32, Phillimore, 1994
  16. ^ a b c d Blomfield, David: Kew Past, pp43-45, Phillimore, 1994
  17. ^ Zeigler, Philip (1971). King William IV. London: Collins. pp. 13–19. ISBN 978-0-00-211934-4.
  18. ^ "St Anne's Church, Kew Green" (PDF). Local History Notes. London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  19. ^ Blomfield, David: Kew Past, p95, Phillimore, 1994
  20. ^ "National Trust Collections". National Trust. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  21. ^ Nisinger, Connie (31 October 2001). "George Engleheart". Find a Grave. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  22. ^ Riggs, Terry. "Arthur Hughes: artist biography". Tate Gallery. pp. November 1997. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  23. ^ "Blue Plaques". Visit Richmond. London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  24. ^ Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{lang-en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead. Life of the rev. William Kirby par John Freeman. Ed. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1852.
  25. ^ John Joshua Kirby in the RKD
  26. ^ "Library and Archive catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  27. ^ Geer, Samuel Taylor (10 August 2011). "John Joshua Kirby". Find a Grave. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  28. ^ a b c d Lysons, Daniel (1792). "Kew". The Environs of London: volume 1: County of Surrey. Centre for Metropolitan History. pp. 202–211. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  29. ^ Blomfield, David: Kew Past, p96, Phillimore, 1994
  30. ^ "Pissarro's home on Kew Green". London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  31. ^ Reed, Nicholas (Fourth edition, 1997). Pissarro in West London (Kew, Chiswick and Richmond). Lilburne Press. p. 46. ISBN 1 901167 02 X. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  32. ^ Morton, Brian (1 September 2007). "Richard Cook: Jazz writer and editor". The Independent. London. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  33. ^ Meadowcroft, Michael (1993). "Jo Grimond: an appreciation" (PDF). Liberator: 12. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  34. ^ "Alfred Luff". CricketArchive. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  35. ^ Faulkner, Scott (August 2009). "Phil Lynott remembered". BBC Birmingham. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  36. ^ a b O'Connor, J J and Robertson, E F (December 2008). "Samuel Molyneux". School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. Retrieved 18 October 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ "Archive record: Kew House, otherwise Kew Palace: Lease, 1759 Reference Number: 553". Exploring Surrey's Past. Surrey History Centre archives. 16 August 1759. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  38. ^ Gascoigne, Bamber and contributors (from 2001, ongoing). "HistoryWorld's Places in History: Kew Green". HistoryWorld. Retrieved 19 October 2012. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  39. ^ "George Vassila". CricketArchive. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  40. ^ "Justin Lee Collins 'kept girlfriend's sexual history'". BBC News. 26 September 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
  41. ^ Moore, Cliff (3 October 2011). "Milton Jones, Bournemouth Pavilion". Bournemouth Daily Echo. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  42. ^ Conway, Juliet (12 October 2012). "My London". Evening Standard magazine. London. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  43. ^ "Route 65". London Bus Routes. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  44. ^ "Route 391". London Bus Routes. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  45. ^ "Route R68". London Bus Routes. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  46. ^ "Thames River Boats to Kew, Richmond and Hampton Court". Westminster Passage Service Association. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  47. ^ "Kew Green". London Borough of Richmond Upon Thames. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  48. ^ "Kew Pond". London Borough of Richmond Upon Thames. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  49. ^ "North Sheen Recreation Ground". London Borough of Richmond Upon Thames. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
  50. ^ Mason, Ian (26 September 2009). "Work kicks off on £1 million sports pavilion". Richmond and Twickenham Times. Retrieved 2 May 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  51. ^ Fleming, Christine (8 September 2011). "Delight as new pavilions in North Sheen and Palewell finally ready". Richmond and Twickenham Times. Retrieved 30 November 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  52. ^ "Pensford Field". Pensford Field Environmental Trust Ltd website. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  53. ^ "St Luke's Open Space". London Borough of Richmond Upon Thames. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  54. ^ "Westerley Ware Recreation Ground". London Borough of Richmond Upon Thames. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  55. ^ Blomfield, David: Kew Past, pp114-115, Phillimore, 1994
  56. ^ "About our school: history". Darell Primary and Nursery School. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  57. ^ Spencer, Jane. "The Governing Body". Kew Riverside Primary School. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  58. ^ "Archive record: Lady Capel's Charity, Kew: Accounts and Deeds 1514-1918 Reference number: 4121". Surrey History Centre archives. Exploring Surrey's Past. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  59. ^ "Queen's History in Kew". The Queen's School Kew. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  60. ^ "History". Broomfield House School. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  61. ^ "History of Kew College". Kew College. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  62. ^ "Cambridge Road Wesleyan Methodist Chapel (Kew, Surrey): Church records, 1892-1902". Family History Library Catalog. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Retrieved 23 April 2013.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kew.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Kew".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kew&oldid=551805510"