SS Oceana (1887): Difference between revisions
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RMS ''Oceana'' was a [[Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company|P&O]] passenger ship, built in 1899, which sank off [[Beachy Head]] on the [[East Sussex]] coast, [[England]] on 16 March 1912 after colliding with the ''Pisagna'', a 2850-ton [[Germany|German]]-registered 4 masted steel [[barque]]. She sank with the loss of |
RMS ''Oceana'' was a [[Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company|P&O]] passenger ship, built in 1899, which sank off [[Beachy Head]] on the [[East Sussex]] coast, [[England]] on 16 March 1912 after colliding with the ''Pisagna'', a 2850-ton [[Germany|German]]-registered 4 masted steel [[barque]]. She sank with the loss of 9 lives. |
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==Sinking== |
==Sinking== |
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[[File:Pisagua - after collision with Oceanic SLV H99.220-3988.jpg|thumb|''Pisagua'' after the collision with ''Oceana'']] |
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On 16 March 1912, she |
On 16 March 1912, she was proceeding from London to [[Bombay]], with 40 passenger and a complement of 210 crew.<ref name=ChanDiv/> She was also carrying £747,110 worth of gold and silver ingots, £3million at present value (2010).<ref name=WPoint/> |
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While proceeding in a westwards direction |
While proceeding in a westwards direction along the [[English Channel]] south of [[Beachy Head]], she was involved in a collision with the ''Pisagna'', a 2850-ton German-registered 4 masted [[steel]]-[[barque]].<ref name=ChanDiv/> ''Pisagua'' hit ''Oceana'' amidships, creating a {{convert|40|ft|m}} long gash in her side.<ref name=Pisagua/> Sending out an immediate distress signal, the [[London, Brighton and South Coast Railway]] [[passenger ferry]] [[SS Sussex|TSS ''Sussex'']] attended the scene,<ref name=TomLee>{{cite web|url=http://website.lineone.net/~tom_lee/susseximg.htm|title=TSS ''Sussex''|publisher=Tom Lee|accessdate=15 February 2013}}</ref> while two further paddle steamers and the RMS ''Ruahine'' waited by.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=GRA19120509.2.7.6|title=In Port|publisher=Grey River Argus|date=9 May 1912|accessdate=15 February 2013}}</ref> While awaiting rescue the crew attempted to lower the [[lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboats]], during which one crashed to the sea and capsized, with a resultant direct loss of 9 lives. TSS ''Sussex'' managed to remove the remaining 241 surviving passengers and crew.<ref name=ChanDiv/><ref name=Oceana>{{cite web|url=http://www.adventuredivers.co.uk/Wrecks/Oceana.html |title=Oceana |publisher=Adventure Divers |accessdate=26 January 2010}}</ref> |
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''Pisagua'' survived with severe damage to the bow and [[foremast]].<ref name=Kent>{{cite book | first =Anthony | last =Lane | authorlink = | coauthors = | year =2009 | month = | title =Shipwrecks of Kent | chapter = | editor = | others = | edition = | pages =p65 | publisher =The History Press | location =Stroud |isbn=978-0-7524-1720-2 | url = }}</ref> Towed to [[Dover]] for immediate sea-going repairs, she was then towed to [[Hamburg]] where she was condemned.<ref name=Pisagua/> Rebuilt as a [[factory ship|whale factory ship]] operated by Søren L. Christensen, after being . On 12 February 1913, ''Pisagua'' was stranded at [[Low Island (South Shetland Islands)|Low Island]], [[South Shetland Islands]].<ref name=Pisagua/> Although insured for [[Norwegian krone|NOK 318,000]], she was subsequently condemned and written-off at a loss to her owners.<ref name=Pisagua/> |
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Post the sinking, the salvage team in agreement with P&O sent a diving team to the wreck to recover the gold and silver ingots.<ref name=WPoint/><ref name=ChanDiv/> |
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Post the sinking, P&O sued Laeisz, claiming [[damages]] for the loss of ''Oceana''. Judgement was given that ''Pisagua'' was not at fault, due to a combination of factors, including that the obligation was on ''Oceana'' to give way to ''Pisagua'' under the "steam gives way to sail" rule.<ref name=Enquiry>[http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9506E5DC153CE633A25756C0A9639C946396D6CF ''New York Times'', 5 May 1912]</ref> P&O then made agreement with the salvage team to send in divers to recover the gold and silver ingots.<ref name=WPoint/><ref name=ChanDiv/> |
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==Wreck== |
==Wreck== |
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Revision as of 01:59, 16 February 2013
RMS Oceana was a P&O passenger ship, built in 1899, which sank off Beachy Head on the East Sussex coast, England on 16 March 1912 after colliding with the Pisagna, a 2850-ton German-registered 4 masted steel barque. She sank with the loss of 9 lives.
Sinking
On 16 March 1912, she was proceeding from London to Bombay, with 40 passenger and a complement of 210 crew.[1] She was also carrying £747,110 worth of gold and silver ingots, £3million at present value (2010).[2]
While proceeding in a westwards direction along the English Channel south of Beachy Head, she was involved in a collision with the Pisagna, a 2850-ton German-registered 4 masted steel-barque.[1] Pisagua hit Oceana amidships, creating a 40 feet (12 m) long gash in her side.[3] Sending out an immediate distress signal, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway passenger ferry TSS Sussex attended the scene,[4] while two further paddle steamers and the RMS Ruahine waited by.[5] While awaiting rescue the crew attempted to lower the lifeboats, during which one crashed to the sea and capsized, with a resultant direct loss of 9 lives. TSS Sussex managed to remove the remaining 241 surviving passengers and crew.[1][6]
Pisagua survived with severe damage to the bow and foremast.[7] Towed to Dover for immediate sea-going repairs, she was then towed to Hamburg where she was condemned.[3] Rebuilt as a whale factory ship operated by Søren L. Christensen, after being . On 12 February 1913, Pisagua was stranded at Low Island, South Shetland Islands.[3] Although insured for NOK 318,000, she was subsequently condemned and written-off at a loss to her owners.[3]
Post the sinking, P&O sued Laeisz, claiming damages for the loss of Oceana. Judgement was given that Pisagua was not at fault, due to a combination of factors, including that the obligation was on Oceana to give way to Pisagua under the "steam gives way to sail" rule.[8] P&O then made agreement with the salvage team to send in divers to recover the gold and silver ingots.[2][1]
Wreck
The RMS Oceana is today a popular wreck diving site, being located at low tide in less than 24 metres (79 ft) of water, lying upright and protruding 10 metres (33 ft).[1] Divers have found singular gold and silver ingots, the last being recovered in 1996.[2]
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References
- ^ a b c d e f "RMS Oceana". ChannelDiving.com. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d "RMS Oceana". worthpoint.com. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
Pisaguawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "TSS Sussex". Tom Lee. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ^ "In Port". Grey River Argus. 9 May 1912. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
- ^ "Oceana". Adventure Divers. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
- ^ Lane, Anthony (2009). Shipwrecks of Kent. Stroud: The History Press. pp. p65. ISBN 978-0-7524-1720-2.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|coauthors=and|month=(help) - ^ New York Times, 5 May 1912