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[[Jian Ghomeshi]], a Canadian writer and radio figure of Iranian descent, thought the film had a "deeply troubling portrayal of the Iranian people". Ghomeshi asserted "among all the rave reviews, virtually no one in the mainstream media has called out [the] unbalanced depiction of an entire ethnic national group, and the broader implications of the portrait." He also suggested that the timing of the film was poor, as American and Iranian political relations were at a low point.<ref>{{cite news | last=Ghomeshi | first=Jian | title=Argo is crowd-pleasing, entertaining – and unfair to Iranians | url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/jian-ghomeshi-argo-is-crowd-pleasing-entertaining-and-unfair-to-iranians/article4855769/ | newspaper=Globe and Mail | date=November 2, 2012 | accessdate=2012-11-05}}</ref> A November 3, 2012 article in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' claimed that the film had received very little attention in Tehran. The article referred to a review by [[Masoumeh Ebtekar]], whose memoirs are the only Iranian narrative of the events.<ref>{{cite news | last=Mostaghim | first=Ramin | coauthors=Alexandra Sandels | title=U.S. film 'Argo' not getting any buzz in Iran | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/03/world/la-fg-iran-argo-20121104 | location=Los Angeles | work=Los Angeles Times | publisher=Tribune Company | date=November 3, 2012 | accessdate=9 January 2013}}</ref>
[[Jian Ghomeshi]], a Canadian writer and radio figure of Iranian descent, thought the film had a "deeply troubling portrayal of the Iranian people". Ghomeshi asserted "among all the rave reviews, virtually no one in the mainstream media has called out [the] unbalanced depiction of an entire ethnic national group, and the broader implications of the portrait." He also suggested that the timing of the film was poor, as American and Iranian political relations were at a low point.<ref>{{cite news | last=Ghomeshi | first=Jian | title=Argo is crowd-pleasing, entertaining – and unfair to Iranians | url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/jian-ghomeshi-argo-is-crowd-pleasing-entertaining-and-unfair-to-iranians/article4855769/ | newspaper=Globe and Mail | date=November 2, 2012 | accessdate=2012-11-05}}</ref> A November 3, 2012 article in the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' claimed that the film had received very little attention in Tehran. The article referred to a review by [[Masoumeh Ebtekar]], whose memoirs are the only Iranian narrative of the events.<ref>{{cite news | last=Mostaghim | first=Ramin | coauthors=Alexandra Sandels | title=U.S. film 'Argo' not getting any buzz in Iran | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/03/world/la-fg-iran-argo-20121104 | location=Los Angeles | work=Los Angeles Times | publisher=Tribune Company | date=November 3, 2012 | accessdate=9 January 2013}}</ref>


In an interview with ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine, President [[Barack Obama]] said "''Argo'' I thought was terrific. Ben Affleck did a nice job."<ref>{{cite news|title=2012 - The White House Interview|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=323993407700436&set=a.177117985721313.28244.154369681329477&type=1&theater|accessdate=December 31, 2012|newspaper=People Magazine}}</ref> The film is nominated for seven [[Academy Awards]] except in the director category. Following the announcement of the nominations, [[Bradley Cooper]], whose film was nominated in several categories, said: "Ben Affleck got robbed".<ref>{{cite web|last=Carneiro|first=Bianca|title='Ben Affleck was robbed': Best actor nominee Bradley Cooper on Argo star's Oscars snub|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2260210/Oscars-2013-Bradley-Cooper-claims-Ben-Affleck-robbed-Academy-Awards-snub.html?ito=feeds-newsxml|work=Daily Mail|accessdate=January 10, 2013|date=January 10, 2013}}</ref> This opinion is shared by the ceremony's host [[Seth MacFarlane]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Macatee|first=Rebecca|title=Ben Affleck's Oscars Snub: Bradley Cooper, Seth MacFarlane Think Argo Director Was Robbed|url=http://uk.eonline.com/news/377346/ben-affleck-s-oscars-snub-bradley-cooper-seth-macfarlane-think-argo-director-was-robbed|work=[[E! Online]]|publisher=[[NBCUniversal]]|accessdate=January 10, 2013|date=January 10, 2013}}</ref>
In an interview with ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine, President [[Barack Obama]] said "''Argo'' I thought was terrific. Ben Affleck did a nice job."<ref>{{cite news|title=2012 - The White House Interview|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=323993407700436&set=a.177117985721313.28244.154369681329477&type=1&theater|accessdate=December 31, 2012|newspaper=People Magazine}}</ref> The film is nominated for seven [[Academy Awards]] except in the Director category. Following the announcement of the nominations, [[Bradley Cooper]], whose film was nominated in several categories, said: "Ben Affleck got robbed".<ref>{{cite web|last=Carneiro|first=Bianca|title='Ben Affleck was robbed': Best actor nominee Bradley Cooper on Argo star's Oscars snub|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2260210/Oscars-2013-Bradley-Cooper-claims-Ben-Affleck-robbed-Academy-Awards-snub.html?ito=feeds-newsxml|work=Daily Mail|accessdate=January 10, 2013|date=January 10, 2013}}</ref> This opinion is shared by the ceremony's host [[Seth MacFarlane]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Macatee|first=Rebecca|title=Ben Affleck's Oscars Snub: Bradley Cooper, Seth MacFarlane Think Argo Director Was Robbed|url=http://uk.eonline.com/news/377346/ben-affleck-s-oscars-snub-bradley-cooper-seth-macfarlane-think-argo-director-was-robbed|work=[[E! Online]]|publisher=[[NBCUniversal]]|accessdate=January 10, 2013|date=January 10, 2013}}</ref>

''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' wrote about this controversy:

{{quote|Standing in the Golden Globe pressroom with his directing trophy, Affleck acknowledged that it was frustrating not to get an Oscar nod when many felt he deserved one. But he's keeping a sense of humor. "I mean, I also didn't get the acting nomination," he pointed out. "And no one's saying I got snubbed there!"<ref>{{cite journal |title= The Oscars / 2013: Eyes on the Prize |journal= [[Entertainment Weekly]] |date= January 25/February 1, 2013 |location= New York |publisher= Time Inc. |page= 22}}</ref>}}


===Home media===
===Home media===

Revision as of 07:16, 20 January 2013

Argo
Theatrical release poster
Directed byBen Affleck
Screenplay byChris Terrio
Produced byGrant Heslov
Ben Affleck
George Clooney
StarringBen Affleck
Bryan Cranston
Alan Arkin
John Goodman
CinematographyRodrigo Prieto
Edited byWilliam Goldenberg
Music byAlexandre Desplat
Production
companies
GK Films
Smokehouse Pictures
Distributed byWarner Bros.
Release dates
  • August 31, 2012 (2012-08-31) (Telluride Film Festival)
  • October 12, 2012 (2012-10-12) (United States)
Running time
120 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguagesEnglish
Persian
Budget$44,500,000[2]
Box office$181,771,554[2]

Argo is a 2012 American thriller film[3] directed by Ben Affleck; it is a dramatization of the "Canadian Caper" based on an article published in 2007,[4] in which Tony Mendez, a CIA operative, led the rescue of six U.S. diplomats from Tehran, Iran, during the 1979 Iran hostage crisis.

(The book The Canadian Caper, written by Jean Pelletier and Claude Adams, was published by William Morrow in 1981.)

The film stars Affleck as Mendez with Bryan Cranston, Alan Arkin, and John Goodman, and was released in North America to critical and commercial success on October 12, 2012. The film was co-produced by Affleck, George Clooney, and Grant Heslov. The story of this rescue was also told in the 1981 television movie Escape from Iran: The Canadian Caper, directed by Lamont Johnson.[5][6]

Argo received seven nominations at the 85th Academy Awards including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay (Chris Terrio) and Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Alan Arkin). Argo also earned five Golden Globe nominations, and won the Best Picture - Drama, and Best Director, while being nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Arkin.

Plot

Militants storm the U.S. embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979, in retaliation for that nation's sheltering the recently deposed Shah. More than 50 of the embassy staff are taken as hostages, but six escape and hide in the home of the Canadian ambassador Ken Taylor (Victor Garber). With the escapees' situation kept secret, the US State Department begins to explore options for "exfiltrating" them from Iran. Tony Mendez (Ben Affleck), a CIA specialist brought in for consultation, criticizes the proposals. He too is at a loss for an alternative until, inspired at home by watching Battle for the Planet of the Apes on TV with his son, he plans to create a cover story that the escapees are Canadian filmmakers, scouting "exotic" locations in Iran for a similar sci-fi film.

Mendez and his supervisor Jack O'Donnell (Bryan Cranston) contact John Chambers (John Goodman), a Hollywood make-up artist who has previously crafted disguises for the CIA. Chambers puts them in touch with film producer Lester Siegel (Alan Arkin). Together they set up a phony film studio, publicize their plans, and successfully establish the pretense of developing Argo, a "science fantasy" in the style of Star Wars, to lend credibility to the cover story. Meanwhile, the escapees grow frantic inside the ambassador's residence. The revolutionaries reassemble embassy papers shredded before the takeover and learn that some personnel have escaped.

Posing as a producer for Argo, Mendez enters Iran and links up with the six escapees. He provides them with Canadian passports and fake identities to prepare them to get through security at the airport. Although afraid to trust Mendez's scheme, they reluctantly go along with it, knowing that he is risking his own life too. A "scouting" visit to the bazaar to maintain their cover story takes a bad turn, but their Iranian culture contact gets them away from the hostile crowd.

Mendez is told that the operation has been cancelled to avoid conflicting with a planned military rescue of the hostages. He pushes ahead, forcing O'Donnell to hastily re-obtain authorization for the mission to get tickets on a Swissair flight. Tension rises at the airport, where the escapees' flight reservations are confirmed at the last minute, and a guard's call to the supposed studio in Hollywood is answered at the last second. The group boards the plane just as the Iranian guards uncover the ruse and try to stop their plane from getting off the runway.

To protect the hostages remaining in Tehran from retaliation, all US involvement in the rescue is suppressed, giving full credit to the Canadian government and its ambassador (who left Iran with his wife under their own credentials as the operation was underway; their Iranian housekeeper, who had known about the Americans and lied to the revolutionaries to protect them, escaped to Iraq). Mendez is awarded the Intelligence Star, but due to the classified nature of the mission, he would not be able to keep the medal until the details were made public in 1997. All the hostages were freed on January 20, 1981. The film ends with President Jimmy Carter's speech about the Crisis and the Canadian Caper.

Cast

Lead actor Affleck who portrayed Tony Mendez.

Affleck cast Goodman, Parks and Bishé after seeing Red State, which also starred the three actors.

Production

Filming

File:AYA Sophia2012.33.jpg
Mendez meets a CIA agent at Istanbul's Hagia Sophia before going to Iran.

Argo is based on the Canadian Caper that took place during the Iran hostage crisis in 1979 and 1980. Chris Terrio wrote the screenplay based on Joshuah Bearman's 2007 article in Wired: "How the CIA Used a Fake Sci-Fi Flick to Rescue Americans from Tehran."[7] The article was written after the records were declassified.

In 2007, the producers George Clooney, Grant Heslov and David Klawans set up a project based on the article. Affleck's participation was announced in February 2011.[8] The following June, Alan Arkin was the first person cast in the film.[9] After the rest of the roles were cast, filming began in Los Angeles,[10] in August 2011. Additional filming took place in McLean, Virginia, Washington, D.C., and Istanbul.[11]

Archival TV news footage from the era was used throughout the film as in-story exposition. Reflecting the time period of the film, the opening credits use the "triple slash" W Warner Bros. logo (originally used by Warner Communications), which was used by the company from 1972 to 1984, instead of the contemporary "WB" shield logo.

Historical accuracy

The Shah and the coup

During the opening prologue, the narrator claims that the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was installed by the 1953 Iranian coup d'état. This is a half-truth - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi had been Shah since 1941, but the coup d'état gave Pahlavi ultimate authority, whereas previously Iran had been a constitutional monarchy headed by Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh. The narrator says Mohammed Mossadegh was "overwhelmingly elected as “Prime Minister" by the Iranian people; technically, he was elected Prime Minister by the Iranian Parliament, after his predecessor was assassinated. Iranian prime ministers are chosen by Parliament members, who are elected by popular vote, as in many parliamentary governments.[12] The Shah's full name was "Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi";[13] the film's narrator refers to the Shah as "Reza Pahlavi".

Canadian vs. CIA roles

After the film was previewed at the Toronto International Film Festival[14] in September 2012, some critics said that it unfairly glorified the role of the CIA and minimized the role of the Canadian government, particularly that of Ambassador Taylor, in the extraction operation. Macleans asserted that "the movie rewrites history at Canada's expense, making Hollywood and the CIA the saga's heroic saviours while Taylor is demoted to a kindly concierge."[15] The postscript text said that the CIA let Taylor take the credit for political purposes, which some critics thought implied that he did not deserve the accolades he received.[16] Affleck changed the postscript text to read, "The involvement of the CIA complemented efforts of the Canadian embassy to free the six held in Tehran. To this day the story stands as an enduring model of international co-operation between governments."[17] The Toronto Star complained, "Even that hardly does Canada justice."[18] When interviewed, Taylor noted that, "In reality, Canada was responsible for the six and the CIA was a junior partner. But I realize this is a movie and you have to keep the audience on the edge of their seats."[17] Taylor is also shown threatening to close the Canadian embassy in the movie; in reality, this never happened.[17]

Affleck noted,

"Because we say it's based on a true story, rather than this is a true story, we're allowed to take some dramatic license. There's a spirit of truth", and that, "the kinds of things that are really important to be true are—for example, the relationship between the U.S. and Canada. The U.S. stood up collectively as a nation and said, ‘We like you, we appreciate you, we respect you, and we’re in your debt.’...There were folks who didn’t want to stick their necks out and the Canadians did. They said, ‘We’ll risk our diplomatic standing, our lives, by harbouring six Americans because it’s the right thing to do.’ Because of that, their lives were saved."[15]

British and New Zealand roles

Upon its wide release in October 2012, the film was criticized for its claim that the New Zealand and British diplomats had turned away the six American refugees in Tehran. Diplomats from New Zealand had proved quite helpful; one drove the Americans to the airport.[19] The British hosted the Americans initially, but the location wasn't safe and all considered the Canadian ambassador's residence to be the better location. British diplomats also assisted other Americans beyond the six.[20] Bob Anders, the U.S. consular agent played in the film by Tate Donovan, said, "They put their lives on the line for us. We were all at risk. I hope no one in Britain will be offended by what's said in the film. The British were good to us and we're forever grateful."[21]

Sir John Graham, the then-British ambassador to Iran, said, "My immediate reaction on hearing about this was one of outrage. I have since simmered down, but am still very distressed that the film-makers should have got it so wrong. My concern is that the inaccurate account should not enter the mythology of the events in Tehran in November 1979." The then-British chargé d'affaires in Tehran said that, had the Americans been discovered in the British embassy, "I can assure you we'd all have been for the high jump [i.e. in trouble]."

Affleck is quoted as saying to the Sunday Telegraph: "I struggled with this long and hard, because it casts Britain and New Zealand in a way that is not totally fair. But I was setting up a situation where you needed to get a sense that these six people had nowhere else to go. It does not mean to diminish anyone."

Imminent danger to the group

In the film, the diplomats face suspicious glances from Iranians whenever they go out in public, and appear close to being caught at many steps along the way to their freedom: while pretending to scout for filming locations at a bazaar; while purchasing plane tickets to Zurich; while trying to board the plane; and finally before the plane takes off, when Iranian guards try to stop the plane in a dramatic chase sequence. In reality, the diplomats never appeared to be in imminent danger: the six never went to a bazaar, Taylor's wife bought three sets of plane tickets from three different airlines ahead of time,[17][15] there was no confrontation with security officials at the departure gate,[22][23] and there was no runway chase at the airport.[24]

Others

The film contains other historical inaccuracies:

  • The major role of producer Lester Siegel, played by Alan Arkin, is fictional.[25]
  • The film depicts a dramatic last-minute cancellation of the mission by the Carter administration and a bureaucratic crisis in which Mendez declares he will proceed with the mission. Carter delayed authorization by only 30 minutes, and that was before Mendez had left Europe for Iran. [23]
  • In real life, CIA agent Antonio Mendez is part-Mexican, leading some critics to argue that Ben Affleck should have cast a Hispanic actor, and not himself, in the role.[26]
  • The Hollywood sign is shown damaged as it had been in the past, but it had actually been repaired in 1978, prior to the events described in the film.[27]

Release and reception

Critical response

Argo was widely acclaimed by critics. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 96% of critics gave the film positive reviews based on 246 reviews, with an average score of 8.4 out of 10. Its consensus reads: "Tense, exciting and often darkly comic, Argo recreates a historical event with vivid attention to detail and finely wrought characters."[28] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received an average score of 86, considered to be "universal acclaim", based on 45 reviews.[29] Naming Argo one of the best 11 films of 2012, critic Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote: "Ben Affleck's seamless direction catapults him to the forefront of Hollywood filmmakers turning out thoughtful entertainment."[30] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 4/4 stars, calling it "spellbinding" and "surprisingly funny". Ebert chose it as his best film of the year.[31]

The Washington Times said it felt "like a movie from an earlier era — less frenetic, less showy, more focused on narrative than sensation" but that the script included "too many characters that he doesn’t quite develop."[32]

The craft in this film is rare. It is so easy to manufacture a thriller from chases and gunfire, and so very hard to fine-tune it out of exquisite timing and a plot that's so clear to us we wonder why it isn't obvious to the Iranians. After all, who in their right mind would believe a space opera was being filmed in Iran during the hostage crisis?

—Roger Ebert, writing for the Chicago Sun-Times[31]

Literary critic Stanley Fish says that the film is a standard caper film in which "some improbable task has to be pulled off by a combination of ingenuity, training, deception and luck." He goes on to describe the film's structure: "(1) the presentation of the scheme to reluctant and unimaginative superiors, (2) the transformation of a ragtag bunch of ne’er-do-wells and wackos into a coherent, coordinated unit and (3) the carrying out of the task." Although he thinks the film is good at building and sustaining suspense, he concludes,

This is one of those movies that depend on your not thinking much about it; for as soon as you reflect on what’s happening rather than being swept up in the narrative flow, there doesn’t seem much to it aside from the skill with which suspense is maintained despite the fact that you know in advance how it’s going to turn out. ... Once the deed is successfully done, there’s really nothing much to say, and anything that is said seems contrived. That is the virtue of an entertainment like this; it doesn’t linger in the memory and provoke afterthoughts.[33]

Jian Ghomeshi, a Canadian writer and radio figure of Iranian descent, thought the film had a "deeply troubling portrayal of the Iranian people". Ghomeshi asserted "among all the rave reviews, virtually no one in the mainstream media has called out [the] unbalanced depiction of an entire ethnic national group, and the broader implications of the portrait." He also suggested that the timing of the film was poor, as American and Iranian political relations were at a low point.[34] A November 3, 2012 article in the Los Angeles Times claimed that the film had received very little attention in Tehran. The article referred to a review by Masoumeh Ebtekar, whose memoirs are the only Iranian narrative of the events.[35]

In an interview with People magazine, President Barack Obama said "Argo I thought was terrific. Ben Affleck did a nice job."[36] The film is nominated for seven Academy Awards except in the Director category. Following the announcement of the nominations, Bradley Cooper, whose film was nominated in several categories, said: "Ben Affleck got robbed".[37] This opinion is shared by the ceremony's host Seth MacFarlane.[38]

Entertainment Weekly wrote about this controversy:

Standing in the Golden Globe pressroom with his directing trophy, Affleck acknowledged that it was frustrating not to get an Oscar nod when many felt he deserved one. But he's keeping a sense of humor. "I mean, I also didn't get the acting nomination," he pointed out. "And no one's saying I got snubbed there!"[39]

Home media

The film was released in North America on February 19, 2013 on DVD, Blu-ray and with an UltraViolet digital copy.[40]

Accolades

List of awards and nominations
Award Category Nominee Result
85th Academy Awards[41] Best Picture Grant Heslov, Ben Affleck and George Clooney Pending
Best Supporting Actor Alan Arkin Pending
Best Adapted Screenplay Chris Terrio Pending
Film Editing William Goldenberg Pending
Best Sound Editing Erik Aadahl and Ethan Van der Ryn Pending
Best Sound Mixing John Reitz, Gregg Rudloff and Jose Antonio Garcia Pending
Best Original Score Alexandre Desplat Pending
AFI Awards Movies of the Year Ben Affleck, George Clooney, and Grant Heslov Won
2nd AACTA International Awards[42] Best Film – International Grant Heslov, Ben Affleck and George Clooney Pending
Best Direction – International Ben Affleck Pending
Best Screenplay – International Chris Terrio Pending
British Academy Film Awards[43] Best Film Grant Heslov, Ben Affleck, George Clooney Pending
Best Director Ben Affleck Pending
Best Adapted Screenplay Chris Terrio Pending
Best Actor in a Leading Role Ben Affleck Pending
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Alan Arkin Pending
Best Original Music Alexandre Desplat Pending
Best Editing William Goldenberg Pending
Critics Choice Awards Best Picture Pending
Best Supporting Actor Alan Arkin Nominated
Best Acting Ensemble Nominated
Best Director Ben Affleck Pending
Best Adapted Screenplay Chris Terrio Nominated
Best Editing William Goldenberg Nominated
Best Score Alexandre Desplat Nominated
Detroit Film Critics Society Best Picture Nominated
Best Director Ben Affleck Nominated
Best Ensemble Nominated
70th Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture - Drama Won
Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role Alan Arkin Nominated
Best Director - Motion Picture Ben Affleck Won
Best Screenplay - Motion Picture Chris Terrio Nominated
Best Original Score - Motion Picture Alexandre Desplat Nominated
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Best Screenplay Chris Terrio Won
National Board of Review Awards 2012 Special Achievement in Filmmaking Ben Affleck Won
Nevada Film Critics Society Best Picture Won
Best Director Ben Affleck - Tied with Kathryn Bigelow for Zero Dark Thirty Won
New York Film Critics Online Best Ensemble Cast Won
Phoenix Film Critics Society Top Ten Films Won
Best Director Ben Affleck Nominated
Best Ensemble Acting Nominated
Best Screenplay Adaptation Won
Best Film Editing Won
Roger Ebert Best Picture of the Year Won
Directors Guild of America Best Director Ben Affleck Pending
Producers Guild of America Best Picture Ben Affleck, George Clooney and Grant Heslov Pending
Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role Alan Arkin Pending
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Cast Pending
San Diego Film Critics Society Best Film Won
Best Director Ben Affleck Won
Best Supporting Actor Alan Arkin Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Chris Terrio Won
Best Editing William Goldenberg Won
Best Production Design Sharon Seymour Nominated
Best Score Alexandre Desplat Nominated
Best Ensemble Performance Nominated
Satellite Awards Motion Picture Nominated
Best Director Ben Affleck Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Chris Terrio Nominated
Best Original Score Alexandre Desplat Won
St. Louis Film Critics Best Film Won
Best Director Ben Affleck Won
Best Supporting Actor Alan Arkin Nominated
John Goodman Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Nominated
Washington D. C. Area Film Critics Association Best Film Nominated
Best Director Ben Affleck Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Alan Arkin Nominated
Best Acting Ensemble Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Nominated
Writers Guild of America Best Adapted Screenplay Chris Terrio Pending

References

Footnotes
  1. ^ "Argo". British Board of Film Classification (BBFC). Retrieved September 18, 2012.
  2. ^ a b "Argo (2012)". Box Office Mojo. January 9, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
  3. ^ "Argo". Filmographics.com. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
  4. ^ Bearman, Joshuah (April 24, 2007). "How the CIA Used a Fake Sci-Fi Flick to Rescue Americans from Tehran". Wired. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082339/
  6. ^ "escape-from-iran-the-canadian-caper-1981-true-story-dvd-94c7%255B2%255D.jpg (image)". Lh4.ggpht.com. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  7. ^ Bearman, Joshuah (April 24, 2007). "How the CIA Used a Fake Sci-Fi Flick to Rescue Americans from Tehran". Wired. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ McNary, Dave (February 3, 2011). "Affleck in talks to direct 'Argo'". Variety. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Sneider, Jeff (June 10, 2011). "Alan Arkin first to board 'Argo'". Variety. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ "Scenes from 'Argo' shot in 'Los Angeles'". filmapia.com.
  11. ^ Staff (September 12, 2011). "Affleck starts shooting 'Argo' film". United Press International. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "in LA" ignored (help)
  12. ^ "The C.I.A. in Iran: Britain Fights Oil Nationalism". The NY Times. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
  13. ^ "The Shah". Persepolis. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
  14. ^ Evans, Ian (2012), "Argo TIFF premiere gallery", DigitalHit.com, retrieved January 19, 2013
  15. ^ a b c Johnson, Brian D. (September 12, 2012). "Ben Affleck rewrites history". Macleans. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  16. ^ Knelman, Martin (September 13, 2012). "TIFF 2012: How Canadian hero Ken Taylor was snubbed by Argo". The Toronto Star. Toronto. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2012. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ a b c d Knelman, Martin (September 19, 2012). "Ken Taylor's Hollywood ending: Affleck alters postscript to 'Argo'". The Toronto Star. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  18. ^ Coyle, Jim (October 7, 2012). "'Argo': Former ambassador Ken Taylor sets the record straight". The Toronto Star. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  19. ^ "NZ's role in Iran crisis tainted in Affleck's film 'Argo' - Story - Entertainment". 3 News. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  20. ^ Film. "Ben Affleck's new film 'Argo' upsets British diplomats who helped Americans in Iran". Telegraph. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  21. ^ Barrett and Jacqui Goddard, David (October 20 2012). "Ben Affleck's new film 'Argo' upsets British diplomats who helped Americans in Iran". The Telegraph U.K. Retrieved 2012-10-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Yukon Damov (November 16, 2012). "Diplomats in Iranian hostage crisis discuss Argo: Spoiler alert: Hollywood fudged the facts". The Newspaper. Archived from the original on November 17, 2012. Wednesday night's conversation between former diplomats Robert Anders and Michael Shenstone, hosted by the U.S. Consulate and the University of Toronto International Relations Society, was an exercise in displaying Hollywood's manipulation of historical reality. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead= ignored (help)
  23. ^ a b Mendez, Antonio J. (Winter 1999–2000). "CIA Goes Hollywood: A Classic Case of Deception". Studies in Intelligence. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved November 1, 2010.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  24. ^ 19 Photos (October 10, 2012). "Tony Mendez, clandestine CIA hero of Ben Affleck's 'Argo,' reveals the real story behind film smash". Washington Times. Retrieved October 29, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ "How accurate is Argo". www.slate.com. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
  26. ^ Navarrette, Ruben (January 10, 2013). "Latino should have played lead in 'Argo'". CNN. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  27. ^ "The History of the Sign: 1978: A Sign is Reborn". Retrieved December 9, 2012.
  28. ^ "Argo". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 17, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  29. ^ "Argo Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved October 10, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  30. ^ Holden, Stephen (December 14, 2012). "The Year of the Body Vulnerable". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  31. ^ a b Ebert, Roger (10 October 2012). Argo. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2013-01-16.
  32. ^ Peter Suderman, Movie Review: 'Argo', The Washington Times, October 11, 2012
  33. ^ Fish, Stanley (October 29, 2012). "The 'Argo' Caper". The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  34. ^ Ghomeshi, Jian (November 2, 2012). "Argo is crowd-pleasing, entertaining – and unfair to Iranians". Globe and Mail. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
  35. ^ Mostaghim, Ramin (November 3, 2012). "U.S. film 'Argo' not getting any buzz in Iran". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles: Tribune Company. Retrieved January 9, 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "2012 - The White House Interview". People Magazine. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
  37. ^ Carneiro, Bianca (January 10, 2013). "'Ben Affleck was robbed': Best actor nominee Bradley Cooper on Argo star's Oscars snub". Daily Mail. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  38. ^ Macatee, Rebecca (January 10, 2013). "Ben Affleck's Oscars Snub: Bradley Cooper, Seth MacFarlane Think Argo Director Was Robbed". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  39. ^ "The Oscars / 2013: Eyes on the Prize". Entertainment Weekly. New York: Time Inc.: 22 January 25/February 1, 2013. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ "Argo Blu-Ray". Blu-Ray.com. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  41. ^ "The Nominees". OSCAR. January 10, 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  42. ^ Garry, Maddox (January 9, 2013). "Jackman, Kidman up for AACTA awards". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  43. ^ "EE British Academy Film Awards Nominations in 2013". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. January 9, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
Further reading
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