List of mosques in Indonesia: Difference between revisions
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| [[Masjid Agung Demak|Great Mosque of Demak]] |
| [[Masjid Agung Demak|Great Mosque of Demak]] |
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| [[File:Masjid demak.jpg| |
| [[File:Masjid demak.jpg|120px|center]] |
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| [[Demak, Indonesia|Demak]], [[Central Java]] |
| [[Demak, Indonesia|Demak]], [[Central Java]] |
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| 1466 |
| 1466 |
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| [[Menara Kudus Mosque]] |
| [[Menara Kudus Mosque]] |
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| [[File:Masjid_Menara_Kudus.jpg| |
| [[File:Masjid_Menara_Kudus.jpg|120px|center]] |
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| [[Kudus]], [[Central Java]] |
| [[Kudus]], [[Central Java]] |
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| 1549<ref name="Lonely 78">{{Cite book | last = Turner | first = Peter | title = Java | publisher = Lonely Planet | date = November 1995 | location = Melbourne | pages = 78–79 | isbn =0-86442-314-4 }}</ref> |
| 1549<ref name="Lonely 78">{{Cite book | last = Turner | first = Peter | title = Java | publisher = Lonely Planet | date = November 1995 | location = Melbourne | pages = 78–79 | isbn =0-86442-314-4 }}</ref> |
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| [[:id:Masjid Agung Banten|Great Mosque of Banten]] |
| [[:id:Masjid Agung Banten|Great Mosque of Banten]] |
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| [[File:Masjid Banten 111225 0560 mer.JPG| |
| [[File:Masjid Banten 111225 0560 mer.JPG|120px|center]] |
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| [[Bantam (city)|Banten]], [[Banten]] |
| [[Bantam (city)|Banten]], [[Banten]] |
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| 1560 |
| 1560 |
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| [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] |
| [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] |
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| [[:id:Masjid Pusaka Banua Lawas|Heritage Mosque of Banua Lawas]] |
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| [[File:Masjid_Pusaka_Banua_Lawas.jpg|120px|center]] |
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| Banua Lawas, [[Tabalong Regency]], [[South Kalimantan]] |
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| 1625<ref>{{cite news |language=Indonesian |title=Masjid Pusaka Tabalong Jadi Saksi Sejarah |author=Asnan Haroen |url=http://www.kaltimpost.co.id/berita/arsip/15625 |newspaper=Kaltim Post |date=February 21, 2009 |accessdate=January 5, 2013}}</ref> |
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| [[Indonesian architecture#Religious architecture|Javanese]] |
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⚫ | |||
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| [[:id:Masjid Kiai Gede|Kiai Gede Mosque]] |
| [[:id:Masjid Kiai Gede|Kiai Gede Mosque]] |
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| [[:id:Masjid Sultan Ternate|Sultan Ternate Mosque]] |
| [[:id:Masjid Sultan Ternate|Sultan Ternate Mosque]] |
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| [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Moskee TMnr 10016655.jpg| |
| [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Moskee TMnr 10016655.jpg|120px|center|alt=Early 20th century picture of the Sultan Ternate Mosque]] |
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| [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]] |
| [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]] |
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| 17th century{{cn|date=January 2013}} |
| 17th century{{cn|date=January 2013}} |
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| [[Masjid Sultan Suriansyah|Sultan Suriansyah Mosque]] |
| [[Masjid Sultan Suriansyah|Sultan Suriansyah Mosque]] |
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| [[File:Samping Masjid Suriansyah.jpg| |
| [[File:Samping Masjid Suriansyah.jpg|120px|center]] |
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| [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]] |
| [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]] |
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| 1746<ref>According to conversion of inscription in the door, which mentions the Hijri Year 1159, which is 1746 civil year.</ref> |
| 1746<ref>According to conversion of inscription in the door, which mentions the Hijri Year 1159, which is 1746 civil year.</ref> |
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| [[Indonesian architecture#Religious architecture|Javanese-Banjar]] |
| [[Indonesian architecture#Religious architecture|Javanese-Banjar]] |
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| Established in the 16th century, it is the oldest mosque in Borneo based on its year of establishment. The form of the building has been altered in the 18th century. |
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| [[Masjid Agung Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Grand Mosque]] |
| [[Masjid Agung Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Grand Mosque]] |
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| [[File:DSCN0338.JPG| |
| [[File:DSCN0338.JPG|120px|center]] |
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| [[Yogyakarta (city)]], [[Yogyakarta|Special Region of Yogyakarta]] |
| [[Yogyakarta (city)]], [[Yogyakarta|Special Region of Yogyakarta]] |
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| 1773 |
| 1773 |
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| [[Ganting Grand Mosque]] |
| [[Ganting Grand Mosque]] |
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| [[File:Masjid Raya Ganting.JPG| |
| [[File:Masjid Raya Ganting.JPG|120px|center]] |
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| [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]] |
| [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]] |
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| 1805 |
| 1805 |
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| [[Great Mosque of Pondok Tinggi]] |
| [[Great Mosque of Pondok Tinggi]] |
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| [[File:Mosque-IMG 3176.JPG| |
| [[File:Mosque-IMG 3176.JPG|120px|center]] |
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| [[Sungai Penuh]], [[Jambi]] |
| [[Sungai Penuh]], [[Jambi]] |
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| 1902<ref>{{cite book |last=Watson |first=C. W. |authorlink= |title=Property and Inheritance in Kerinci, Central Sumatra |url=lucy.ukc.ac.uk/csacpub/watson/chap1.html |accessdate=January 1, 2013 |year=1992 |publisher=CSAC Monographs |location=Canterbury |isbn=0 904938 19 0 |page= |pages=}}</ref> |
| 1902<ref>{{cite book |last=Watson |first=C. W. |authorlink= |title=Property and Inheritance in Kerinci, Central Sumatra |url=lucy.ukc.ac.uk/csacpub/watson/chap1.html |accessdate=January 1, 2013 |year=1992 |publisher=CSAC Monographs |location=Canterbury |isbn=0 904938 19 0 |page= |pages=}}</ref> |
Revision as of 21:11, 5 January 2013
These are lists of mosques in Indonesia, based on
- The completion year of the building.
- The capacity of the building.
- Grouped into provinces
These lists only include notable mosques.
The Indonesian Mesjid Agung is translated as "Great Mosque", while Mesjid Raya is translated as "Grand Mosque".
Mesjid Keramat is translated as "Holy Mosque".
Mesjid Jami is translated as Jami Mosque, which refers to the mosque where the weekly Friday prayer take
History
Islam spread gradually in Indonesia from 12th century onwards, and especially during the 14th and 15th century. The advent of Islam did not lead to the introduction of a new building tradition, but saw the appropriation of existing architectural forms, which were reinterpreted to suit Muslim requirements.
Early Islamic architecture
Early Islamic architecture resembles a Majapahit era candi or gates. Most of the early Islamic mosques can still be found in Java, and the architectural style follows the existing building tradition in Java, in which four central posts support a soaring pyramidal roofs. None of the earliest Islamic structures in Sumatra survives. The characteristic of Islamic architecture include multi-tiered roofs, ceremonial gateways, and a variety of decorative elements such as elaborate clay finials for roof peaks.
The oldest mosque in Indonesia is the Great Mosque of Demak, although not the oldest Islamic structure. The oldest Islamic structure in Indonesia are parts of the royal palace in Sultanate of Cirebon, Cirebon. The palace complex contains a chronogram which can be read as the Saka equivalent of AD 1454. The Menara Kudus Mosque preserves its pre-Islamic brick temple, which has been converted into a drumtower.[1]
Intensive spice trade had strong influence on the Indonesian archipelago. As a result, the multi-storied roof architecture of mosques can be found from Aceh to Ambon.[2]
Colonial period
Domes and pointed arches, a well-known features in central, south and southwest Asia did not appear in Indonesia until the 19th century, when they were introduced by Dutch influence over local rulers.[2]
Post-independence
After the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia, many older mosques built in traditional style were renovated and small domes were added to their square hipped roofs. Probably it was built in imitation of similar modifications made to the main mosque in the regional capital nearby.[2]
Since the 1970s, the appropriateness of traditional buildings has been politically acknowledged, and some layered hipped forms have been reinstated. President Soeharto contributed to this trend during the 1980s by instigating the Amal Bakti Muslim Pancasila Foundation which subsidized the erection of small mosques in less prosperous communities. The standardized design of these mosques includes three hipped roofs above a square prayer hall, reminiscent of the Great Mosque of Demak.[2]
Today, mosque architecture in Indonesia breaks apart from the multi-tiered traditions of traditional Javanese mosque. Most mosques in Indonesia today follows the Near Eastern influence e.g. Persian, Arabic, or Turkish style architecture.
Oldest mosques in Indonesia
To be listed in this category, the mosque has to be inaugurated in the pre-independence period of Indonesia (roughly before the 1950s) and have not been substantially altered in later periods. Mosques which have undergone major alteration should not be placed in this table.
The list is divided into two based on form: traditional mosques and eclectic mosques.
Traditional mosques
To be listed in this category, the architecture of the mosque has to show traditional style absent of Western or Middle-Eastern influence, such as the multi-tiered roofs.
Eclectic mosques
To be listed in this category, the architecture of the mosque has to show prominent European-Indian features such as pointed arches and domes.
Name | Images | Location | Year | Architectural style | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Great Mosque of Sumenep | Sumenep, East Java | 1787[11] | Mixed Chinese, Western, Javanese, Madurese | A mosque that exemplify Portuguese characteristics, not different with mosques in Sri Lanka. | |
Baiturrahman Grand Mosque | Banda Aceh, Nanggröe Aceh Darussalam | 1881 | Indo Islamic, Moorish | One of the oldest mosque in Aceh, the building survived the Tsunami 2004 | |
Palembang Grand Mosque | Palembang, South Sumatra | 1893 (established in 1748; major renovations in 1893, 1916, 1950s, and 1970s; major expansion in 1990s) | Malay-Chinese | The royal mosque of Palembang Sultanate | |
Medan Grand Mosque | Medan, North Sumatra | 1906 | Indo Islamic, Moorish | The royal mosque of Deli Sultanate |
Largest mosques in Indonesia
Below is a list of large mosques of Indonesia. To be listed here, the building capacity of the mosque has to be at least 10,000 or more.
Name | Images | Building capacity | Area | Year | Location | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Istiqlal Mosque | 120,000 | 93,200 m2[12], 10,000 m2 (building)[12] | 1975 | Central Jakarta, Jakarta | National mosque and largest mosque in Indonesia | |
Al-Markaz Al-Islami Mosque | 50,000 | 10,000 m2, 6,932 (building) m2[13] | 2005 | Makassar, South Celebes | ||
Mosque of Samarinda Islamic Center | 40,000[14] | 2008 | Samarinda, East Kalimantan | |||
Dian Al-Mahri Mosque | 20,000 | 500,000 m2, 8,000 m2 (building) | Depok, West Java | |||
Grand mosque of West Sumatra | 20,000 (estimated) | not yet completed | Padang, West Sumatra | |||
Great Mosque of Central Java | 16,000[15] | 10,000 m2, 7,669 m2 (building)[15] | 2006 | Semarang, Central Java | Largest mosque in Central Java | |
Palembang Grand Mosque | 15,000[16] | 29,305 m2, 7,512 m2 (building)[16] | 1893 (established in 1748, major renovations in 1893, 1916, 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s) | Palembang, South Sumatra | The royal mosque of Palembang Sultanate | |
Sabilal Muhtadin Grand Mosque | 15,000[17] | 100.000 m2, 5,250 m2 (building)[17] | 1979[citation needed] | Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan | Largest mosque in South Kalimantan.[citation needed] | |
Grand Mosque of Bandung | 12,412[18] | 23,448 m2, building: 8,575 m2[18] | 1812, 2003 (renovated to current form) | Bandung, West Java | Originally built in Sundanese-Javanese style in 1812, renovated to present condition in 2001-2003 | |
Grand Mosque of Makassar | 10,000[19] | 10,500 m2, 1,700 m2[19] | 1949, 1999 (renovated to current form) | Makassar, South Sulawesi | The main mosque of South Sulawesi. |
By provinces
There are 239,497 registered mosques in Indonesia (2012).[20] To be included in this list, the mosque has to be a landmark of particular region, and most importantly, historically notable or contains authentic vernacular architecture.
Mosques in bold have been listed in the table above.
Sumatra
In Aceh, royal mosque was a center of armed resistance to the Dutch in the 1870s, and therefore was destroyed in battle. Early prints show it as a structure with wide hipped roofs similar to those of a mosque still standing in the 17th century citadel of Sultan Iskandar Muda.
Traditionally, the architectural style of mosques in West Sumatra are characterized with three- or five-tiered roofs with the characteristic Minangkabau 'horned' roof profile. The roof is supported on ranks of concentric columns, often focusing on a towering central support which reaches the apex of the building. Some mosques are built on islands in artificial ponds. Traditional Minangkabau woodcarvings may be implemented in the facade.[2]
- Aceh
-
Ancient mosque of Indrapuri built above a Hindu candi in 17th century.
-
A mosque in Samalanga showing the traditional Javanese multi-tiered roofs.
-
The Great Mosque of Meulaboh, finished in 1999. The mosque survives the Boxing Day Tsunami.
- North Sumatra
- Riau
- West Sumatra
- Tuo Kayu Mosque, Solok Regency (1599)
- Ganting Grand Mosque, Padang
- Muhammadan Mosque, Padang
- Grand Mosque of West Sumatra, Padang
- Nurul Iman Mosque, Padang
- Andalas Grand Mosque, Padang
- Nanggalo Grand Mosque, Padang
- Teluk Bayur Grand Mosque, Padang
- Grand Mosque of Balai Gadang Mungo, Limapuluh Koto Regency (1914, 1920 (rebuilt))
- Rao Rao Mosque, Tanah Datar Regency
- Jami Mosque of Sungai Jambu, Tanah Datar Regency
- Jami Mosque of Taluak, Agam Regency
- Bingkudu Mosque, Agam Regency
- Bawan Tua Mosque, Agam Regency
- Grand Mosque of Koto Baru, South Solok Regency
- Tuo Koto Nan Ampek Mosque, Payakumbuh
- Nurul Islam Great Mosque, Sawahlunto
- Nurul Huda Mosque, Sawahlunto
- Grand Mosque of Sheik Burhanuddin, Padang Pariaman Regency
- Mutaqaddimin Mosque, Limapuluh Koto Regency
- Great Mosque of Natuna, Natuna Regency
- Grand Mosque of Bayur, Agam Regency (1999)
-
Typical Minangkabau mosque in a West Sumatran village.
-
Jami Mosque of Taluak in Agam Regency of West Sumatra.
- Riau Islands
- Jambi
- Great Mosque of Pondok Tinggi, Sungai Penuh (1874)
- Ikhsaniyyah Mosque, Jambi City (1880)
-
Ikhsaniyyah Mosque.
-
Great Mosque of Pondok Tinggi.
- Bengkulu
-
Akbar At-Taqwa Grand Mosque, the main mosque of Bengkulu.
- South Sumatra
- Great Mosque of Palembang, Palembang
- Cheng Ho Mosque, Palembang
- Bangka–Belitung Islands
-
Masjid di Takengon (1910-1930)
Java
- Banten
-
19th century lithograph of a mosque in Banten.
- West Java
- Main Mosque of University of Indonesia, Depok (1987).
- Grand Mosque of Bandung, Bandung
- Sang Cipta Rasa Great Mosque, Cirebon, part of the Kraton Kasepuhan (1480)
- At Taqwa Mosque, Cirebon (1951)
-
A mosque in Cirebon in the 1920s.
-
Great mosque of Garut in the 1920s
-
A modern mosque in University of Indonesia follows the language of the traditional multi-tiered roofs.
- Jakarta
- Holy Mosque of Kampung Bandan
- Cut Mutiah Mosque
- Sunda Kelapa Mosque (1970)
- Istiqlal Mosque (1975). The largest mosque in Indonesia.
- Central Java
- Saka Tunggal Mosque, Purwokerto (1288 (founded) as written in the central post. Building has been altered ever since into a new form)
- Great Mosque of Demak, Demak (1466, reputedly the oldest mosque in Indonesia which keeps its original form.)
- Menara Kudus Mosque, Kudus (1526)
- Great Mosque of Surakarta, Surakarta (1768)
- Great Mosque of Central Java, Semarang (2006)
- Darussalam Mosque Purbalingga, Purbalingga (2004)
- Al-Ittihad Mosque Jatibarang, Jatibarang (2008). Largest mosque in Brebes.
-
A mosque in Pati, taken in early 20th century.
-
The minaret of the Kudus Mosque.
- Yogyakarta
- East Java
- Al Akbar Mosque, Surabaya
- Ampel Mosque, Surabaya
- Great Mosque of Malang, Malang
- Miftahul Jannah Mosque, Takerharjo, Solokuro, Lamongan
- Great Mosque of Sumenep, Sumenep
-
A 20th century photograph of a mosque in Surabaya]]
Lesser Sunda Islands
- West Nusa Tenggara
- Bayan Beleq Mosque, Bayan, Lombok Utara
-
An early 20th century photograph of a mosque in Bima.
Borneo
The mosques of Kalimantan, such as those in Banjarmasin and Pontianak, have similar three- or five-tiered roof designs with the mosques of West Sumatra. These mosques are possibly related to other examples from peninsular Malaysia.[2]
- West Kalimantan
- Central Kalimantan
- South Kalimantan
- Heritage Mosque of Banua Lawas, Banua Lawas (1625)
- Holy Mosque of Banua Halat, Tapin Regency
- Al-Karomah Great Mosque, Martapura
- Ba'angkat Mosque, Simpur
- Jami Mosque of Banjarmasin, Banjarmasin
- Jami Mosque of Sungai Banar, Amuntai, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency
- Kanas Mosque, Alalak, Banjarmasin (1980, established in 1938)
- Kelayan Muhammadiyah Mosque, Banjarmasin
- Grand Mosque of Sabilal Muhtadin, Banjarmasin
-
A mosque in Banjarmasin (1880-1920)
-
The original building of Al-Karomah Great Mosque.
- East Kalimantan
- Aji Amir Hasanuddin Jami Mosque, Tenggarong, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara
- Imanuddin Grand Mosque, Kabupaten Berau
- Darussalam Grand Mosque, Samarinda
- Mosque of Islamic Center Samarinda, Samarinda (2008)
- Shiratal Mustaqiem Mosque, Samarinda
- Sultan Suriansyah Mosque
Celebes
- South Sulawesi
- Grand Mosque of Makassar, Makassar (1949)
-
Masjid Gowa (1920s)
Maluku and Papua
Islam came to Maluku in the late 15th century via Java, with the strongest impact was felt in the spice islands of Ternate and Tidore. Features in the oldest mosque in the islands, such as the Sultan's Mosque of Ternate, imminates feature in the oldest Javanese mosques.[2]
- Maluku
- Wapauwe Mosque, Ambon (1614)[citation needed]
- North Maluku
References
- ^ a b Gunawan Tjahjono. Indonesian Heritage-Architecture. Singapore: Archipelago Press. pp. 86–87.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gunawan Tjahjono. Indonesian Heritage-Architecture. Singapore: Archipelago Press. pp. 96–97.
- ^ Turner, Peter (November 1995). Java. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. pp. 78–79. ISBN 0-86442-314-4.
- ^ "Masjid Kayu Jao Dijadikan Destinasi Wisata Religius". Media Indonesia. 2011-08-08. Retrieved 2012-07-27.
- ^ "Masjid Kayu Jao yang Berusia 412 Tahun". Harian Haluan. 2011-09-19. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
- ^ Asnan Haroen (February 21, 2009). "Masjid Pusaka Tabalong Jadi Saksi Sejarah". Kaltim Post (in Indonesian). Retrieved January 5, 2013.
- ^ zal (2010). "Masjid Sultan Nata". Dinas Budaya dan Pariwisata Kalimantan Barat. Dinas Budaya dan Pariwisata Kalimantan Barat. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
- ^ According to conversion of inscription in the door, which mentions the Hijri Year 1159, which is 1746 civil year.
- ^ a b "Masjid Jami Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman". Humas Jakarta Islamic Centre dan 27th ISLAND. duniamasjid.com. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
- ^ Watson, C. W. (1992). [lucy.ukc.ac.uk/csacpub/watson/chap1.html Property and Inheritance in Kerinci, Central Sumatra]. Canterbury: CSAC Monographs. ISBN 0 904938 19 0. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
{{cite book}}
: Check|url=
value (help) - ^ Iskandar Zulkarnaen (2003). Sejarah Sumenep (in Indonesian). Sumenep: Dinas Pariwisata dan kebudayaan kabupaten Sumenep.
- ^ a b www.istiqlal.or.id Istiqlal Official Site
- ^ "Masjid Al-Markaz Al-Islami". Humas Jakarta Islamic Centre and 27th ISLAND (in Indonesian). DuniaMasjid.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
- ^ "Masjid Islamic Senter Samarinda". Humas Jakarta Islamic Centre and 27th ISLAND (in Indonesian). DuniaMasjid.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
- ^ a b "Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah". Humas Jakarta Islamic Centre and 27th ISLAND (in Indonesian). DuniaMasjid.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
- ^ a b "Masjid Agung Palembang". Humas Jakarta Islamic Centre and 27th ISLAND (in Indonesian). DuniaMasjid.com. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
- ^ a b "Masjid Raya Sabilal Muhtadin". Humas Jakarta Islamic Centre and 27th ISLAND (in Indonesian). DuniaMasjid.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
- ^ a b "Masjid Raya Bandung". Humas Jakarta Islamic Centre and 27th ISLAND (in Indonesian). DuniaMasjid.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
- ^ a b "Masjid Raya Makassar". Humas Jakarta Islamic Centre and 27th ISLAND (in Indonesian). DuniaMasjid.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
- ^ Fenny Melisa (June 3, 2012). "Pertumbuhan Masjid di Indonesia Rendah". Republika. Retrieved December 31, 2012.