NATO Dispersed Operating Bases: Difference between revisions
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* Vitry-Brienne AB |
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All of these facilities were completed in about two years |
All of these facilities were completed in about two years to a standard NATO design of a 7,900' runway and the ability to space parked aircraft as far apart as possible by the contstruction of a circular marguerite system of hardstands that could be revetted later with earth for added protection. |
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Typically the margueriete consisted of fifteen to eighteen hardstands around a large central hangar. Each hardstand held one or two aircraft, and allowed the planes to be spaced approximatley 150 feet (50 meters) apart. Each squadron was assigned to a seperate hangar/hardstand complex. |
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Each DOB was desigend to have the capability to base about 30 aircraft, along with a few permanent buildings serviced with utilities and space for a tent city to house personnel. |
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An additional 10 small airfields were developed by the French government as unmanned 'bare bones' facilities, consisting of a runway with minimal facilities intended for use by all NATO air forces to disperse their aircraft in case of war. |
An additional 10 small airfields were developed by the French government as unmanned 'bare bones' facilities, consisting of a runway with minimal facilities intended for use by all NATO air forces to disperse their aircraft in case of war. |
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Revision as of 23:47, 11 May 2006
NATO Dispersed Operating Bases (DOBs) were developed to improve air power survival when NATO began planning for tactical air bases and aircraft in western Europe during the early Cold War years of the 1950s.
Background
Dispersal tactics and protective measures were very common during World War II and practiced by all nations. The USAAF was less concerned than its allies about base defence and dispersal due to the total air superiority and unlimited resouces of aircraft, aircrews and ground personnel to replace combat losses.
After D-Day as allied tactical air forces moved rapidly across France, investment in base and aircraft survival was impractical. It was quicker and cheaper to use captured Luftwaffe facilities. By 1948 these small airfields had been abandoned and most structures were removed or were in a state of disrepair.
With the advent of the Cold War, NATO faced several problems when attempting to solve the air power survival equasion. Planning for first strike survival in both conventional and nuclear wars had to be considered. The main air bases were built on small parcels of land with very limited dispersal space. It was decided to build DOBs at least 30 miles (50 kilometers) from the main air bases to be used in the event of an emergency. The goal was to have no more than one fighter squadon on each main or dispersed base in the event of war.
Beginning in 1953 USAFE DOBs were constructed in France at:
- Chalons-Vatry AB
- Luneville-Chenevieres AB
- Vouziers-Sechault AB
- Vitry-Brienne AB
All of these facilities were completed in about two years to a standard NATO design of a 7,900' runway and the ability to space parked aircraft as far apart as possible by the contstruction of a circular marguerite system of hardstands that could be revetted later with earth for added protection.
Typically the margueriete consisted of fifteen to eighteen hardstands around a large central hangar. Each hardstand held one or two aircraft, and allowed the planes to be spaced approximatley 150 feet (50 meters) apart. Each squadron was assigned to a seperate hangar/hardstand complex.
Each DOB was desigend to have the capability to base about 30 aircraft, along with a few permanent buildings serviced with utilities and space for a tent city to house personnel.
An additional 10 small airfields were developed by the French government as unmanned 'bare bones' facilities, consisting of a runway with minimal facilities intended for use by all NATO air forces to disperse their aircraft in case of war.
No USAFE flying units were permanently assigned to these bases, and they were used for dispersal training only. However, they did require the same level of equipment as a standard air base. In addition, security personnel were required to control base access, guard equipment, munitions and supplies stored on the facility, as well as prevent vandalism.
By 1959 due to the reduction of NATO/USAF tactical fighter and bomb wings in France, the need for these DOBs was virtually eliminated. Three were transferred to the U. S. Army to reduce the cost of maintaining them and the other was turned over to the French Government.
Base Descriptions
Chalons-Vatry AB
Luneville-Chenevieres AB
Vouziers-Sechault AB
Vitry-Brienne AB
References
- McAuliffe, Jerome J: U.S. Air Force in France 1950-1967 (2005), Chapter 17, Dispersed Operating Bases