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==East Java==
==East Java==
[[File:Pura Balekambang.png|thumb|right|A temple at Balekambang Beach.]]
[[File:Pura Balekambang.png|thumb|right|A temple at Balekambang Beach.]]
Both the north and south coasts of [[East Java]] contains fine sand beaches. As with the other provinces of Java, the southern beaches are known for their large waves while the northern beaches are known for their calm water.
Both the north and south coasts of [[East Java]] contains beaches. As with the other provinces of Java, the southern beaches are known for their large waves while the northern beaches are known for their calm water. Several beaches on the southern coast are considered sacred due to their association with [[Nyai Roro Kidul]].<ref name="kraton kitlv" />


Below is a list of notable beaches in East Java.
Below is a list of notable beaches in East Java.
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*Goa China Beach, Bantengan Village, Malang. The beach is known for its large rocky outcrops and white sand beach.
*Goa China Beach, Bantengan Village, Malang. The beach is known for its large rocky outcrops and white sand beach.
*Klayar Beach, [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]]
*Klayar Beach, [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]]
*Ngliyep Beach, Malang. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul.
*Ngliyep Beach, Malang. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul.<ref name="kraton kitlv" />
*[[Puger Beach]], [[Jember Regency|Jember]]. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul.<ref name="kraton kitlv" /> Puger Beach is known as a surfing spot and the beach also contains extensive sand dunes up to 20m.<ref>{{cite book |last=Martínez |first=M.L. |volume=171 |authorlink= |title=Coastal Dunes: Ecology and Conservation |url= |accessdate= |year=2004 |publisher=Springer |location= |isbn=3540408290, 9783540408291 |page= |pages=}}</ref>
*Sendang Biru Beach, Malang
*Sendang Biru Beach, Malang
*[[Sukamade Beach]], [[Meru Betiri National Park]]. There is a turtle conservation facility on the beach since 1972, older than the National Park itself.
*[[Sukamade Beach]], [[Meru Betiri National Park]]. There is a turtle conservation facility on the beach since 1972, older than the National Park itself.

Revision as of 15:48, 1 December 2012

Kuta Beach in Bali.

Indonesia is a country with the fourth longest coastline in the world. With approximately 17,508 islands[1] and an intricate coastline of just over 80,000 km[2], beaches in Indonesia are extensive. Beaches in Indonesia are characterized with abundant coral reefs, deposits from volcanoes, rich marine biodiversity, strong ocean current, and traditional values.

Indonesia is located in a region of abundant coral reefs known as Coral Triangle[3] as well as being the country with the most volcanoes in the world.[4] Some beaches are derived from fluvial sands and gravels, others from cliff erosion. Coral reef forms white or yellow sanded beach, while beach sediment derived from volcanic rocks are typically black or grey, such as those of the northern Bali and southern Java.[2] In the granitic zone of the Riau, Bangka and Belitung Islands, white quartz sands dominate beaches, as well as granite boulders.[2] Sandy backshores are colonized by coastal vegetation, notably Ipomoea pes-caprae and Spinifex littoreus, then coconut and casuarina trees.[2] Coastal dunes are poorly developed in the humid tropics, but on the southern shores of Java and Sumatra, prograded beaches are backed by dunes, some of which carry woodland vegetation.[2] Large deposit of lava and ash from volcanic eruptions may transported large quantities of pyroclastic sediment down to the coast, such as in the Mount Merapi in southern Java and Mount Agung in Bali.[2]

Indonesian beaches that are located within the Coral Triangle are associated with rich is recognized as the global center of marine biodiversity[5]. These beaches, such as those in the Bunaken and Raja Ampat, are protected as marine parks and popular for snorkeling and scuba diving activities.

Wave action in Indonesian waters is largely generated by local winds, gentle in the equatorial zone but stronger on the northern and southern coasts subject to northeast and southeast trade winds, respectively.[2] Ocean swell moves into the southern coast from the Indian Ocean and to the northern coast from the southwest Pacific, creating particularly large waves on this area.[2] Surf camps appear in these places, and Indonesia has been listed as one of 100 best surfing locations in the world.[6][7]

Some beaches are considered sacred and ritual processions are held on these beach.[8] Sea temples are erected on the coasts of Bali, Lombok, and East Java to appease the god or goddess of the Sea.[9][8] Some beaches on the southern coast of Java are considered sacred because of their association with the figure of Nyai Roro Kidul, Queen of the Southern Sea.[8] Due to the Javanese beliefs, people are warned not to wear green clothes on these beaches because the color is sacred to her and wearing one may offend her and cause the person to drown into the sea.[8][7][10] Sacred rituals are enacted on beaches such as Parangtritis, Pangandaran, Karang Bolong, Ngliyep, Puger, and Banyuwangi.[8][10]

Below is a list of notable Indonesian beaches. The list is sorted by provinces roughly west to east, north to south; and then alphabetically by the name of the beach, ignoring the words "beach" or "pantai" (Indonesian "beach"). To avoid mistranslation, the name of the beaches are listed by only translating the word pantai into "beach". Translation of other words, such as Tanjung (Indonesian for "cape") or Pasir Putih (Indonesian for "white sand"), are ignored.

Aceh

Lhok Nga Beach, one year after the tsunami.

The more notable beaches of Aceh are located to the northern tip of the province, near the archipelago of Sabang, the capital city of Banda Aceh and the northern regency of Aceh Besar.[11] The northwestern beaches of Aceh are known for the small villages and pristine beauty.[12] Owing to its strategic location, some of the northern beaches contain concrete sea bunkers constructed by the Japanese troops during the World War II.

On December 26, 2004, the western coastal areas of Aceh were among the areas hardest hit by the tsunami. Many of the pristine beaches and coral reefs are seriously devastated.[13] The area was slowly rebuilt after the disaster and tourism is slowly returning to normal.

  • Lampuuk Beach, Lampuuk, Banda Aceh. The beach is completely devastated by the 2004 Tsunami. The beach has been restored and tourists are returning to the beach.
  • Lhoknga Beach, Lhoknga, Banda Aceh. The beach and the neighboring town of Lhoknga was completely wiped out by the 2004 Tsunami. The beach has been restored and tourists are returning to the beach.
  • The beaches of Weh Island. This volcanic island is known for its underwater fumaroles which can be accessed by diving.[12]
    • Gapang Beach. The beach contains the highest variation of accomodation in the Weh Island.[14] The sea of Gapang Beach contains underwater fumaroles called Hydrothermal Point and is suitable for diving[15]
    • Iboih Beach. A few meters from Iboih is the Rubiah islet that is known for its coral reefs and the beach is popular for diving.[16]
    • Kasih Beach
    • Paradiso Beach
  • Ujung Batee Beach. The beach is known for the World War II concrete sea bunkers constructed by the Japanese.

North Sumatra

Notable beaches of North Sumatra are located off coast on the island of Nias, an internationally famous surfing destination.[7] Despite the storied history of surfing in Nias, international surfing in Nias has slowed down especially (but not specifically) due to the recent earthquakes.[17][18] The situation is slowly changing, however.[19][20]

Riau Islands

The archipelago of Riau Islands Province, being insular in character, contains many beaches. The most notable of these are located in Bintan Island, the largest island in the province. Bintan Resorts contains beach-front International hotels and resorts. Many of the resorts are Singaporean owned and the island is marketed to Singaporeans for whom Bintan is a short ferry trip away. Hotels and shops are priced in Singapore or US dollars. Currently, Indonesian government is promoting Bintan as the next best tourist destination after Bali.[21]

West Sumatra

The ritual of Tabuik in Gandoriah Beach.

The beaches of West Sumatra are located on the western coast of the province.

  • Air Manis Beach, Padang
  • Arta Beach
  • Bungus Beach, Bungus Bay, Padang
  • Carocok Beach, Painan
  • Caroline Beach
  • Gandoriah Beach, Pariaman. The beach is easily accessed by a train, via the nearby Pariaman station. Tabuik, The local interpretation of the Islamic festival of Muharram is held on the beach.[22]
  • Padang Beach, Padang

Bangka-Belitung Islands

Parai Tenggiri Beach of Bangka Island.

Bangka-Belitung Islands are known for their white sanded beaches with clear blue water and granite boulders. Granite boulders and white sand quartz that dominate the beaches are associated with the late Paleozoic-early Triassic Era's Granite Belt formation on the western side of Indonesia[23][2]. In some area of the islands, small sandbars appear during low tides.

  • Beaches of Bangka Island
    • Parai Tenggiri Beach
    • Penyusuk Beach
    • Romodong Beach
  • Beaches of Belitung
    • Beaches of Lengkuas Island
    • Tanjung Binga Beach
    • Tanjung Kelayang Beach
    • Tanjung Tinggi Beach

Bengkulu

The beaches of Bengkulu are located on the Indian Ocean western coast of the province.

  • Panjang Beach, Bengkulu
  • Pasir Putih Beach

South Sumatra

The northern coastline of South Sumatra is mostly covered in mangrove forests with rare well-formed beaches. The water is usually muddy due to alluvial flow from many rivers that flow into the coast. Most cities or towns are located to the south of the province.

Lampung

The beaches of Lampung are located to the east, west, and south of the province. The beaches of the southeast coast in the Sunda Strait were affected by the historical volcano blast of Krakatau in 1883.

  • Merak Belantung Beach
  • Mutun Beach
  • Terbaya Beach, Kota Agung. Hindu people performs the Melasti ritual on Terbaya beach.

Banten

Large block of coral washed by the tsunami to the beach of Anyer after the Krakatau explosion in 1883.

Notable beach of Banten are located on the western coast of the province. The coast between Anyer and Labuan is mainly formed by an emerged fringing coral reef.[2] Coral boulders are widespread along the shore, swept in from fringing coral reefs by the 1883 tsunami and deposited on the shore platform and the coastal plain.[2] Monuments are erected on several beach to commemorate the victim of the tsunami.[24] These beaches are popular destinations for people from Jakarta.

To the southwest of the province, the beach merges with the Ujung Kulon National Park. In this area, the beach contains rich marine biodiversity and are popular snorkeling and diving spot.

West Java

Samudra Beach Hotel and the Pelabuhan Ratu Beach. Samudra Beach Hotel is a historic hotel with one of its room reserved for Nyai Roro Kidul, queen of the southern sea.

The province of West Java contains beaches on both its northern coast and southern coast. The beaches of the northern coast are known for its calm water due to the low wave-energy of the Java Sea.[2] The more notable beaches of the southern coast are known for big waves and famous for surfing.[7] Some beaches of the southern coast are considered sacred due to its association with Nyai Roro Kidul.[8] The Javanese belief warns people not to wear green clothes on these beaches because the color is sacred to her and wearing one may offend her and cause the person to drown into the sea.

The Samudra Beach Hotel, one of the first resort of Indonesia in Pelabuhan Ratu Beach, keeps one of its room, room 308, furnished with green colors as part of the sacred reservation for Nyai Roro Kidul, a sacred figuress believed to be the ruler of the Southern Sea.[8][25]

  • Batu Hiu Beach. Batu Hiu translates as "shark rock", it is so called because of a nearby rock formation shaped like shark's fin just offshore.
  • Batu Karas Beach, Batukaras
  • Karang Hawu Beach, Sukabumi Regency
  • Karang Paranje Beach, Garut Regency
  • Pangandaran Beach, Pangandaran. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul.
  • Pelabuhan Ratu Beach, Pelabuhan Ratu. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul.
  • Rancabuaya Beach, Garut Regency
  • Santolo Beach, Garut Regency
  • Ujung Genteng Beach, Sukabumi Regency

Jakarta Special Capital Region

Festival Beach in North Jakarta.

Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, contains some beach in its northern coast in Jakarta Bay. The water of Jakarta Bay is relatively polluted, the result of the poor living condition of the majority of people living along the bay, as well as nutrient inputs from agricultural runoff, industrial pollution, and waste water. The pristine beaches of Jakarta are located in Thousand Islands, the only regency of Jakarta Special Capital Region. Being located further away from Java island, the islands' beach are less effected by pollution coming from the Jakarta Bay. Being a coral island, the beaches of Thousand Islands are white colored.

See also: Thousand Islands (Indonesia)

Central Java

A giant marine turtle sculpture in Kartini Beach, Jepara.

The beaches of Central Java are located both on the northern and southern coast. Many of the notable beaches are located to the northern coast, known for the relatively calm water of the Java Sea[2]

  • Alam Indah Beach, Tegal
  • Beaches of Karimun Jawa.
    • Barakuda Beach
  • Congot, Purbalingga Regency
  • Kartini Beach, Jepara. This beach resort contains several motels, fishing spots. The beach is also a transfer point for Karimun Jawa and Panjang Island.
  • Marina Beach, Semarang
  • Purwahamba Beach
  • Sembukan Beach, Wonogiri Regency. According to the local myth, the beach is the thirteenth gate of the Kingdom of Ratu Kidul and a meeting point of the queen of the Kingdom, Nyai Roro Kidul, and the kings of Surakarta Sunanate.[8] An offering ritual is held on Sembukan beach annually.
  • Teluk Penyu Beach
  • Tirta Samudera Beach, is known for its clear water.
  • Widuri Beach, Pemalang Regency

Yogyakarta (special region)

Baron Beach

Beaches in Yogyakarta are located to the southern coastal area of the province. Some of the notable beaches are located in the Gunung Kidul Regency, which are karst in nature with its many hills and caves.

Other notable beach is the beaches around Parangtritis: Parangtritis Beach and Parangkusumo Beach. The sacred Parangkusumo beach is considered as the place where Panembahan Senopati sought the support of the goddess of the Southern Ocean, Nyai Roro Kidul, Queen of the Southern Sea. A procession of the labuhan alit (giving an offering by throwing out certain things to the sea) is done annually on the beach.[26]

  • Baron Beach, Gunung Kidul
  • Drini Beach, Gunung Kidul
  • Kukup Beach, Gunung Kidul
  • Parangkusumo Beach, Parangtritis
  • Parangtritis Beach, Parangtritis

East Java

A temple at Balekambang Beach.

Both the north and south coasts of East Java contains beaches. As with the other provinces of Java, the southern beaches are known for their large waves while the northern beaches are known for their calm water. Several beaches on the southern coast are considered sacred due to their association with Nyai Roro Kidul.[8]

Below is a list of notable beaches in East Java.

  • Balekambang Beach, Malang
  • G-Land or Plengkung Beach, Alas Purwo National Park. The beach is an internationally renowned surf camp.
  • Goa China Beach, Bantengan Village, Malang. The beach is known for its large rocky outcrops and white sand beach.
  • Klayar Beach, Pacitan
  • Ngliyep Beach, Malang. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul.[8]
  • Puger Beach, Jember. The beach is one of the sacred beach of Nyai Roro Kidul.[8] Puger Beach is known as a surfing spot and the beach also contains extensive sand dunes up to 20m.[27]
  • Sendang Biru Beach, Malang
  • Sukamade Beach, Meru Betiri National Park. There is a turtle conservation facility on the beach since 1972, older than the National Park itself.
  • Tamban Beach, Malang
  • Watu Karung Beach, Pacitan

Bali

A Balinese funeral procession on a beach.
Kuta main street along the beach of Kuta.
the calm water of the popular Sanur Beach, southeastern coast of Bali.

Bali contains a rich variety of beaches. Bali beaches are famous for its beach temples, luxury hotels, and surfing spots. The island of Bali is surrounded by reefs but different geographical feature may influence the form of the beach. The white sand coasts of the island's south is the best known and the most popular, such as Kuta, Nusa Dua, and Sanur. Of the southern beaches, the west-facing beaches (Kuta, Seminyak, Legian, Cangu, and Jimbaran) are very much affected by the seasonal changes. During dry season (April to October), lack of wind may keep the beaches clean, while during the wet season, onshore winds deposits flotsam and garbage and constant clean up is needed. Kuta and Cangu Beach in particular can have rough surf and is known to have many rip currents and strong undertow. Safe swim areas are marked by flags.[28] The eastern beaches (Nusa Dua and Sanur) are less affected by seasonality. The east-facing beach are relatively calmer because the water is protected by an offshore reef that keeps heavy surf away from the beach[28]

The beaches on the far south of Bali are characterized with tall cliffs and luxurious resort. Some of these beaches are surrounded by high cliffs, which isolates it. Many beaches of this type are privatized. Some of these beaches are the hidden shores of Dreamland, Uluwatu, Padang Padang, and Bingin.

The north and northwestern coast of Bali contains a striking black sanded beach and are less stricken by tourists.

The beach of Bali is an important part in the Balinese Hindu ritual. Before the day of Nyepi, Hindu worshipers have to perform the Melasti Ritual, which should be enacted on a Balinese temple that is located near the sea (Pura Segara or "Sea Temple").[29] This is done to purify the sacred objects belonging to several temples, as well as to acquire the sacred water from the sea.

Below is a list of beaches in Bali

  • Amed Beach, Karangasem. Amed Beach is a black sand beach lined with traditional outrigger fishing boats. The beach is known for it marine sea life and is a snorkeling spot.
  • Beaches of Nusa Lembongan
    • Crystal Bay Beach
    • Devil's Tear
    • Mushroom Bay Beach
  • Beaches of Nusa Dua.
    • Geger Beach. The beach contains a seaweed farming area.
  • Beaches of Nusa Penida
  • Beaches of Pecatu. The resort area contains beaches surrounded with cliffs. The beaches are popular surfing spot.
    • Bingin Beach
    • Balangan Beach
    • Impossible Beach
    • Padang Padang Beach
    • Suluban Beach
  • Candidasa Beach, Karangasem
  • Canggu Beach, Canggu
  • Dreamland Beach.
  • Kuta Beach, Kuta. Kuta beach is the most popular beach. Originally a surfing destination Kuta Beach is nowadays Bali's party beach and is packed with hotels, restaurants, bars and night clubs. The district is known as the location of the 2002 Bali bombings.
  • Jimbaran Beach, Jimbaran. The beach is populated by many luxurious resorts.
  • Legian Beach
  • Lovina Beach, Lovina. Lovina contains black sand beaches, and is also famous for dolphin spotting.
  • Padang Bai Beach. The beach contains several several beaches.
  • Sanur Beach, Sanur. The historic beach is famous for its old time flavor and local feeling.
  • Seminyak Beach

West Nusa Tenggara

Gili Meno Beach, Gili Islands

The beaches of the islands in the West Nusa Tenggara is less promoted than the neighboring island of Bali. Being surrounded by coral reefs, the white sand beach of the islands are most notable.

The second largest island of West Nusa Tenggara, Lombok, as well as the closest island to Bali, is gaining more popularity for the western tourists who are looking for a remote island experience.

The largest island of West Nusa Tenggara, the island of Sumbawa, is less promoted than Lombok and therefore contains more pristine but equally beautiful beaches.

  • Beaches of Gili Islands. The beach is probably the most popular beach in Lombok.
  • Beacehs of Lombok
    • Kuta Beach, named after a nearby village of Kuta. The beach is known for the traditional ritual of Bau Nyale, which is a marine worm hunting ritual, a prelude for the larger Pasola festival.
    • Mawun Beach
    • Senggigi Beach, one of the most popular beach of Lombok
  • Beaches of Sumbawa
    • Hu'u Beach
    • Lakey Beach
    • Sekongkang Beach
    • Supersuch Beach, a prime surfing spot.

East Nusa Tenggara

East Nusa Tenggara is the southernmost province of Indonesia. The province consists of many small islands, often divided by deep oceanic trenches. The relatively isolated position of these islands of the southern part of the Lesser Sunda Islands means that the evolution of life is localized. The most famous of the islands is the Komodo Island, the only island of the Komodo dragon. Climate on this part of Indonesia is the driest climate in Indonesia. This combination of effects create a rare form of beaches in Indonesia: a relatively dry beach surrounded with endemic plants or dry cliffs.

  • Lasiana Beach, Kupang
  • Pink Beach, Komodo (island), reputedly one of only seven pink beaches in the world.[30] The sand appears pink because it is a mixture of white sand and red sand, formed from pieces of Foraminifera.

West Kalimantan

Notable beaches of West Kalimantan are located to the south of province, usually in the regencies of Bengkayang, Sambas, and Ketapang Regency.

Below is a list of notable beaches of West Kalimantan.

Central Kalimantan

Beaches of Central Kalimantan is located to the south of the province. Many beaches are lacking facilities.

Below is a list of notable beaches of Central Kalimantan.

South Kalimantan

The beaches of South Kalimantan are some of the less exploited beaches of Indonesia. Many beaches are lacking facilities.

East Kalimantan

  • Batu Lamampu Beach, Nunukan
  • Lamaru Beach, Balikpapan
  • Manggar Sagara Sari Beach, Balikpapan

Gorontalo

  • Lahilote Beach, Gorontalo. The white sand beach has a clear calm water and contains a natural landmark which is a rock formed like the palm of a foot. The rock is said to be the footpring of Lahilote, a figure in local folklore.

North Sulawesi

Souvenir market in Bunaken Island.

The beaches of North Sulawesi are known for its high level of biodiversity affected by the oceanic currents around the province. As a result, the beaches of North Sulawesi are famous for scuba diving.

Central Sulawesi

One of the most notable beaches of Central Sulawesi are the beach resorts of Togian Islands, with its characteristic coral reefs and white sanded beaches. Togian is known as the only place in Indonesia with three major reef environments; atoll, barrier, and fringing reefs.[31]

  • Pantai Lalos
  • Pantai Madale, Poso
  • Pantai Matako, Poso
  • Pantai Moian
  • Pantai Toini, Poso
  • Pantai Tumbelaka, Palu
  • Pantai Tumpapa, Malakosa Village, Sausu Subdistrict

Southeast Sulawesi

The beaches of Southeast Sulawesi are well known for its marine biodiversity and are famous for scuba diving.

South Sulawesi

The beach of Tanjung Bira

The beaches of South Sulawesi are well known for its marine biodiversity and are noted for its scuba diving.[32]

  • Losari Beach, Makassar
  • Beaches of Selayar Islands. The island is known for its white sand and clear water.[33]
    • Baloyya Beach
  • Tanjung Bira Beach, Bulukumba Regency. Tanjung Bira (English "Cape of Bira") contains three beaches: Pantai Bira, Pantai Timur, and Pantai Barat.

North Maluku

North Maluku beaches are well-known for its white sand and calm blue water.

Maluku

The province of Maluku and North Maluku make up the Maluku Islands, an archipelago of around a thousand islands. The more notables beaches of Maluku is well known for its white sand and clear calm blue water. The rest of the beaches are often pristine in nature.

  • Debut Beach
  • Namalatu Beach, Ambon
  • Natsepa Beach, Ambon
  • Ngurbloat Beach, Ngilngof Village, Kai Kecil. The white sand beach of Ngurbloat is said to be the softest sand in the world. The smoothness of the sand is said to be comparable to the smoothness of flour.[34]
  • Ohoidertawun Beach, Ohoidertawun
  • Santai Beach, Ambon

West Papua

One of the notable beach of West Papua is the beach around Raja Ampat Islands. Raja Ampat's pristine beach and islands contains the highest recorded marine life diversity on Earth.[35] Raja Ampat also provides diving spots and a traditional marine festival for tourists.

Papua

Despite of having some of the longest coastline in Indonesia, the province of Papua is not known for its beach because of it is largely unexplored. Below are some of the more notable beaches of Papua.

References

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  7. ^ a b c d e Lueras, Lorca (2002). Action Guide: Surfing Indonesia: サーフィンポイントガイド(インドネシア). Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9625938532, 9789625938530. Retrieved November 28, 2012. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Robson, Stuart. The Kraton, KITLV Press 2003, Leiden Nederland, ISBN 90-6718-131-5
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  10. ^ a b Legend of Borobudur, pp 114: Dr. C.W. Wormser - Het Hooge Heiligdom - Uitgeverij W. Van Hoeve Deventer, N.V. Maatschappij Vorkink Bandoeng
  11. ^ Peta Resmi Jalur Lebaran 2012 (August 13, 2012). "Rute Mudik Lebaran 2012". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ a b "Pulau Weh Volcano, Indonesia". John Seach. Retrieved 2006-11-23.
  13. ^ For details of the impact of the tsunami in Aceh, see Jayasuriya, Sisira and Peter McCawley in collaboration with Bhanupong Nidhiprabha, Budy P. Resosudarmo and Dushni Weerakoon, The Asian Tsunami: Aid and Reconstruction after a Disaster, Cheltenham UK and Northampton MA USA: Edward Elgar and Asian Development Bank Institute, 2010.
  14. ^ Lonely Planet-Indonesia. Lonely Planet. 2010. p. 411. ISBN 1741048303, 9781741048308. Retrieved December 1, 2012. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  15. ^ "April 11, 2012 - Pesona surga nan indah di ujung barat Indonesia".
  16. ^ "Pulau Weh". Asia Dive Site. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
  17. ^ Suwastoyo, Bhimanto (28 March 2006) Mail & Guardian Online. Indonesia's quake-hit surfers' paradise hopes for a break
  18. ^ Rinaldo, Rachel (February 15, 2004) Boots n' All Travel. Strange Days in Nias
  19. ^ (2006) Bali Advertiser. Surf Season
  20. ^ (2009) Indo Surf: Nias Surf
  21. ^ Berkmoes, Ryan Ver (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. Lonely Planet. pp. 455–456. ISBN 1-74104-830-3. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  22. ^ Bachyul Jb, Syofiardi (2006-03-01). "'Tabuik' festival: From a religious event to tourism". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
  23. ^ Voice of Nature. Vol. 85–95. Yayasan Indonesia Hijau. 1990. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  24. ^ Winchester, Simon (2003). Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded, August 27, 1883. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-621285-5.
  25. ^ Döhne, Roy James. "Room 308 A room for the Javanese goddess of The South Sea". Website Roy James. Retrieved Juli 05 2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  26. ^ Yunanto Wiji Utomo (2007). "Parangkusumo Beach". YogYES.com. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
  27. ^ Martínez, M.L. (2004). Coastal Dunes: Ecology and Conservation. Vol. 171. Springer. ISBN 3540408290, 9783540408291. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  28. ^ a b "Bali: Best Beaches". TripAdvisor. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  29. ^ Thomasson-Croll, Mary Justice (2010). Frommer's Bali & Lombok. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0470497769, 9780470497760. Retrieved November 29, 2012. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  30. ^ Exotic Pink Beach at Komodo Dragon Island
  31. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. Vol. 9. Lonely Planet. p. 697. ISBN 1741048303, 9781741048308. Retrieved December 1, 2012. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  32. ^ van Berkmoes, Ryan (2010). Lonely Planet Indonesia. Vol. 9. Lonely Planet. p. 668. ISBN 1741048303, 9781741048308. Retrieved December 1, 2012. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  33. ^ Andi Hajramurni, 'Discovering enchanting Selayar, South Sulawesi', The Jakarta Post, 3 January 2012.
  34. ^ http://en.blog.unikom.ac.id/sand-beaches-in-the-world.c7 Sand beaches in the World
  35. ^ [1] Ultra Marine: In far eastern Indonesia, the Raja Ampat islands embrace a phenomenal coral wilderness, by David Doubilet, National Geographic, September 2007

External links

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