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Coordinates: 51°26′58″N 0°16′26″W / 51.44944°N 0.27389°W / 51.44944; -0.27389
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→‎History: Following Charles I's execution, custodianship of the park passed to the Corporation of the City of London but it was returned to the restored monarch, Charles II, on his return to London in 1660
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In 1625 [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] brought his court to [[Richmond Palace]] to escape the plague in London<ref name="Landscape History">{{cite web | url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond_park/landscape_history.cfm | title=Richmond Park: Landscape History | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | accessdate=7 October 2012}}</ref> and turned the area on the hill above Richmond into a park for the hunting of red and fallow deer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frp.org.uk/richmond-park|title= About Richmond Park|publisher= [[The Friends of Richmond Park]]|accessdate= 5 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Landscape History"/> It was originally referred to as the king's "New Park"<ref name= Eyre>{{cite conference | title=ref MPE 1/426 | publisher=[[The National Archives (UK)]] | accessdate=7 October 2012}}</ref>to distinguish it from the existing park in Richmond, which is now known as [[Old Deer Park]]. Charles's decision, in 1637, to enclose the land<ref>An [[Ordnance Survey]] map, published in 1949 and now held at [[The National Archives (UK)]], ref ZOS 5/5, [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/s/res?_q=ZOS+5%2F5&x=26&y=25] shows contemporary features in Richmond Park alongside the place names and field boundaries that existed prior to the 1637 Enclosure Act.</ref>was not popular with the local residents, but he did allow pedestrians the right of way. To this day the walls remain, although they have been partially rebuilt and reinforced.
In 1625 [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] brought his court to [[Richmond Palace]] to escape the plague in London<ref name="Landscape History">{{cite web | url=http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/richmond_park/landscape_history.cfm | title=Richmond Park: Landscape History | publisher=[[The Royal Parks]] | accessdate=7 October 2012}}</ref> and turned the area on the hill above Richmond into a park for the hunting of red and fallow deer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frp.org.uk/richmond-park|title= About Richmond Park|publisher= [[The Friends of Richmond Park]]|accessdate= 5 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Landscape History"/> It was originally referred to as the king's "New Park"<ref name= Eyre>{{cite conference | title=ref MPE 1/426 | publisher=[[The National Archives (UK)]] | accessdate=7 October 2012}}</ref>to distinguish it from the existing park in Richmond, which is now known as [[Old Deer Park]]. Charles's decision, in 1637, to enclose the land<ref>An [[Ordnance Survey]] map, published in 1949 and now held at [[The National Archives (UK)]], ref ZOS 5/5, [http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/s/res?_q=ZOS+5%2F5&x=26&y=25] shows contemporary features in Richmond Park alongside the place names and field boundaries that existed prior to the 1637 Enclosure Act.</ref>was not popular with the local residents, but he did allow pedestrians the right of way. To this day the walls remain, although they have been partially rebuilt and reinforced.

Following Charles I's execution, custodianship of the park passed to the [[Corporation of the City of London]] but it was returned to the restored monarch, Charles II, on his return to London in 1660.<ref name="DM 51">{{cite book | title=Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide | author=David McDowall | year=1996 | page=51}}</ref>


In 1736 the Queen's Ride was cut through existing woodland to create a grand avenue through the park.<ref name="FRP Guide97">{{cite book | title=Guide to Richmond Park | publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=97}}</ref>
In 1736 the Queen's Ride was cut through existing woodland to create a grand avenue through the park.<ref name="FRP Guide97">{{cite book | title=Guide to Richmond Park | publisher=[[Friends of Richmond Park]] | year=2011 | page=97}}</ref>

Revision as of 14:02, 9 October 2012

For the Irish football stadium, see Richmond Park (football ground). For all other uses, see Richmond Park (disambiguation).
Richmond Park
Isabella Plantation, Richmond Park
Map
TypeMunicipal
LocationLondon
Coordinates51°26′58″N 0°16′26″W / 51.449444°N 0.273889°W / 51.449444; -0.273889
Area955 ha (2,360 acres)
Created1634[1]
Operated byThe Royal Parks
StatusOpen all year

Richmond Park is a 2,360 acre (9.55 km²; 3.69 sq mi)[2] park, National Nature Reserve[3] and a Site of Special Scientific Interest,[4][5] in south west London. The largest of London's Royal Parks, it was created by Charles I in 1634. Richmond Park is the second largest park in London (after the 10,000 acre Lee Valley Park, whose area extends beyond the M25 into Hertfordshire and Essex) and is Britain's second largest urban walled park after Sutton Park, Birmingham. It is close to Richmond, Ham, Kingston upon Thames, Wimbledon, Roehampton and East Sheen.[2] The park is famous for its red and fallow deer, which number over six hundred.

Geography

Governance and access

The park is managed by The Royal Parks and is enclosed by a high wall with several gates. The gates either allow pedestrian and bicycle access only, or allow both motor vehicle and pedestrian access. The gates for motor vehicle access are open only during daylight hours, and the speed limit is 20 mph. No commercial vehicles apart from taxis are allowed.[6]

The gates open to motor traffic are: Sheen Gate, Richmond Gate, Ham Gate, Kingston Gate, and Roehampton Gate.

There is pedestrian and bicycle access to the park 24 hours a day except when there is a deer cull. During the deer cull the majority of the gates are locked and warning signs are displayed forbidding access to the park under the orders of The Secretary of State. Warning signs are normally displayed a month before the deer cull occurs.

The park has designated bridleways and cycle paths. These are shown on maps and noticeboards displayed near the main entrances, along with other regulations that govern use of the park. The bridleways are special in that they are for horses (and their riders) only and not open to other users like normal bridleways. The 1997 law limits cycling to: (a) main roads; (b) the hard yellow cycle path that runs around the park (Tamsin Trail); and (c) other hard (i.e. concrete or cement) surfaces. Cycling along the park's mud paths is forbidden as contrary to the park's bye-laws.[6]

As the park is a National Nature Reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest, all dog owners are required to keep their dogs under control while in the park. This includes not allowing their dog to disturb other park users or disrupt wildlife. In 2009, after some incidents leading to the death of wildfowl, the park's dogs on leads policy was extended. Park users are said to believe that the deer are feeling increasingly threatened by the growing number of dogs using the park.[7]

A mugging at gunpoint in 1854 reputedly led to the establishment of a park police force.[8] Until 2005 the park was policed by the separate Royal Parks Constabulary but that has now been subsumed into the Royal Parks Operational Command Unit of the Metropolitan Police.[9] In recent years the mounted policemen have been replaced by a patrol team in a four-wheel drive vehicle. In July 2012 it was reported that police have been given the power to issue £50 on-the-spot fines for littering, cycling outside designated areas and for dog fouling offences.[10]In August 2012 a dog owner was ordered to pay £315 after allowing five dogs to chase ducks in the park.[11]

History

In 1625 Charles I brought his court to Richmond Palace to escape the plague in London[12] and turned the area on the hill above Richmond into a park for the hunting of red and fallow deer.[13][12] It was originally referred to as the king's "New Park"[14]to distinguish it from the existing park in Richmond, which is now known as Old Deer Park. Charles's decision, in 1637, to enclose the land[15]was not popular with the local residents, but he did allow pedestrians the right of way. To this day the walls remain, although they have been partially rebuilt and reinforced.

Following Charles I's execution, custodianship of the park passed to the Corporation of the City of London but it was returned to the restored monarch, Charles II, on his return to London in 1660.[16]

In 1736 the Queen's Ride was cut through existing woodland to create a grand avenue through the park.[17]

In 1751, Princess Amelia became ranger of Richmond Park after the death of Robert Walpole. Immediately afterwards, the Princess caused major public uproar by closing the park to the public, only allowing few close friends and those with special permits to enter.[18] This continued until 1758, when a local brewer, John Lewis, took the gatekeeper, who stopped him from entering the park, to court.[19] The court ruled in favour of Lewis, citing the fact that, when Charles I enclosed the park in the 17th century, he allowed the public right of way in the park. Princess Amelia was forced to lift the restrictions.[20][21]

Full right of public access to the park was confirmed by Act of Parliament in 1872.[22] However, people were no longer given the right to remove firewood; this is still the case and helps in preserving the park.[12]

Pen Ponds, a lake divided in two by a causeway, was dug in 1746 and is now a good place to see water birds.[12] A map, published in 1745 by John Roque in his Survey of London and 10 miles around, shows Pen Ponds for the first time, named as The Canals.[23][24] Between 1855 and 1861, new drainage improvements were constructed, including drinking points for deer.[25]

Between 1833 and 1842 the Petersham Lodge estate, and then Sudbrook Park, were incorporated into Richmond Park. Terrace Walk was created from Richmond Gate to Pembroke Lodge.[26]

Edward VII developed the park as a public amenity by opening up almost all the previously fenced woods and making public those gates that were previously private.[27] From 1915 level areas of the park were marked out for football and cricket pitches.[27] A golf course [2] was opened in 1923 by Edward, Prince of Wales[28] (who was to become King Edward VIII and, after his abdication, Duke of Windsor). The future king had been born in the park, at White Lodge, in 1894.[29]

The park in wartime

In or around 1870, the Inns of Court Rifle Volunteers were using an area near Bog Gate as a drill ground.[25]

Between 1916 and 1925 the park housed a South African war hospital, which was built between Bishop's Pond and Conduit Wood. [30]

In 1938, an army camp was set up near Dann's Pond.[31] During World War II Pembroke Lodge was used as the base for the "Phantom Squad" (the GHQ Liaison Regiment).[31] The Pen Ponds were drained, in order to disguise them as a landmark.[32] The Russell School, which had been built near Petersham Gate in 1851,[33]was destroyed by enemy action in 1943[34]and Sheen Cottage a year later.[35]

Picture Post, on 13 December 1941, featured a photograph of an anti-aircraft gun site inside Sheen Gate.[36]

The park during the Olympics

For the 1948 Summer Olympics, an Olympic village was build near Dann's Pond.[37]

The gates

In 1736 Bog Gate (also then known as Queen's Gate) was opened as a private entrance by which Queen Caroline could enter the park on her journeys between White Lodge and Richmond Lodge, a royal residence in Old Deer Park. Public access, 24 hours a day, was granted in 1894 and the present "cradle" gate installed.[38]

Kitchen Garden Gate, hidden behind Teck Plantation, is probably a nineteenth century gate. It has never been open to the public.[38]

Sheen Gate (one of the original six gates in the boundary wall when the park was enclosed in 1637) was where the brewer John Lewis asserted pedestrian right of entry in 1755 after Princess Amelia had denied it.The present double gates date from 1926.[39]

Roehampton Gate is also one of the six original gates. The present wrought iron gates were installed in 1899.[39]

Chohole Gate served the farm that stood within the park on the site of the present Kings Farm Plantation. It is first mentioned in 1680.[39]

Robin Hood Gate, another of the six original gates, takes its name from the nearby Robin Hood Inn and is close to what is called[40] the Robin Hood roundabout on the A3. Widened in 1907,[39] it was closed in 2003 as part of a traffic reduction trial and remains permanently closed.[41]

Ladderstile Gate, also one of the six original gates, was known as Coombe Gate and provided access to the park for the parishioners of Coombe, with both a gate and a step ladder. The gate was locked in the early 1700s and bricked up in about 1735. The stepladder was reinstated after John Lewis's case in 1758 and remained in place until about 1884. The present gate dates from 1901.[39]

Kingston Gate dates from about 1750. The existing gates date from 1898.[39]

Ham Gate is one of the six original gates. It was widened in 1921, when the present wrought iron gates were installed. The chinoiserie lantern lights over the gate were installed in 1825.[39]

Richmond Gate is one of the original six gates and has the heaviest traffic. The gates were widened in 1896.[39]

Bishop's Gate in Chisholm Road, previously known as the Cattle Gate, was for use by livestock allowed to pasture in the nineteenth century. It was opened for public use in 1896.[39]

Cambrian Road Gate was constructed during World War I for access to the newly built South Africa Military Hospital.[42] When the hospital was demolished in 1925, the entrance was made permanent and public as a pedestrian gate.[39]

Buildings

The Park contains notable buildings. Ten of these buildings, and the whole boundary wall of the park, are Grade II listed buildings.[43]

Ham Gate Lodge (listed Grade II)[43] was built in 1742.[44]

Richmond Gate and Richmond Gate Lodge were both listed Grade II in 2010.[45] Dated 1798, they were designed by Sir John Soane.[19]

There are also gate lodges at Bishops Gate, Chohole Gate, Kingston Gate, Robin Hood Gate, Roehampton Gate[46] and at Sheen Gate, which also has a bungalow (Sheen Gate Bungalow).[47] Ladderstile Cottage, at Ladderstile Gate, was built in the 1780s.[48]

There are six other houses, apart from the gate-houses: Holly Lodge, Oak Lodge (built, near Sidmouth Wood, in about 1852),[49], Pembroke Lodge, Thatched House Lodge, White Ash Lodge and White Lodge.

All houses backing on to the park pay a feudal fee known euphemistically as “Richmond Park Freebord” ranging from about £2 to £200 per annum.

Holly Lodge

In 1735, a new lodge, Cooper's Lodge, was built on the site of Hill Farm.[50]It was later known as Lucas' Lodge and Bog Lodge.[50]Bog Lodge was renamed Holly Lodge in 1993[19] and now contains a visitors’ centre (bookings only), the Park's administrative headquarters and a base for the Metropolitan Police's Royal Parks Operational Command Unit.

Holly Lodge also includes the Holly Lodge Centre [3], which aims to advance the education and enjoyment of visitors, in particular people with special needs, in the environment and in the Victorian history and heritage of Richmond Park. The Centre was opened in 1994 by Rolf Harris, who is also a patron. The Centre's other patrons are Peter Davison, Rt. Hon. Keith Vaz MP, Mike Fitt OBE, Ben Shephard, Baroness Susan Kramer and TENORS Un LIMITED (Paul Martin, Jem Sharples and Scott Ciscon). In 2007 Princess Alexandra agreed to become the Royal Patron.[51]

Holly Lodge and the game larder in its courtyard are both Grade II listed.[43]

Pembroke Lodge

Main article: Pembroke Lodge
Pembroke Lodge

Pembroke Lodge and some associated houses stand in their own garden within the park. In 1847 Pembroke Lodge became the home of the then Prime Minister, Lord John Russell and was later the childhood home of his grandson, Bertrand Russell. It is now a popular restaurant with views across the Thames Valley. Pembroke Lodge is Grade II listed.[43]

Thatched House Lodge

Main article: Thatched House Lodge

Thatched House Lodge, which is Grade II listed,[43] was the London home of U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower during the Second World War. Since 1963 it has been the residence of Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy. The residence was originally built as two houses in 1673 for two Richmond Park Keepers, as Aldridge Lodge. Enlarged in 1727, the two houses were joined and renamed Thatched House Lodge in 1771 by Sir John Soane. The gardens include an 18th-century two-room thatched summer house which gave the main house its name.

White Ash Lodge

White Ash Lodge was built in the 1730s or 1740s.[52] The house is Grade II listed, and its barn and stables also.[43]

White Lodge

White Lodge
Main article: White Lodge

The Royal Ballet School (formerly Sadler's Wells Ballet) has been based since 1955[37] at White Lodge where younger ballet students continue to be trained. It was originally a hunting lodge for George Iand is Grade II listed. [43]

Former buildings

A map by John Eyre, "Plan of His Majesty's New Park", shows a summerhouse near Richmond Gate.[14]

In 1732, Petersham Lodge was built to replace "New Lodge" after a fire.[53]Petersham Lodge was demolished in 1835.[26]

Professor Sir Richard Owen, the first Director of the [[Natural History Museum], lived at Sheen Cottage until his death in 1892. The cottage was destroyed by enemy action in 1944.[54] The remains of the cottage can be seen in patches and irregularities in the wall 220 metres from Sheen Gate.[48]

A bandstand, similar to one in Kensington Gardens, was erected near Richmond Gate in 1931. In 1975, after many years of disuse, it was moved to Regent's Park.[55]

Viewpoints

Looking west from King Henry's Mound.
St Paul's from King Henry's Mound

There is a protected view of St Paul's Cathedral from King Henry's Mound, and also from Sawyer's Hill a view of central London in which the London Eye, Natwest Tower and 'The Gherkin' appear to be close to one another.

King Henry's Mound

King Henry's Mound is the highest point within the park and is located within the public gardens of Pembroke Lodge. It is named after Henry VIII of England. It was traditionally thought to be the spot where King Henry VIII stood on 19 May 1536 to watch a rocket fired from the Tower of London. This was the signal that his wife Anne Boleyn had been executed for treason and he would be able to marry Lady Jane Seymour. The story is unlikely to be true because Henry spent that evening in Wiltshire.[56]

It was probably a prehistoric burial chamber, possibly dating from the Bronze age, and was later used as a viewpoint for hunting and falconry.[56]

From the Mound there is a protected view of St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London over 10 miles (16 km) to the east which was established in 1710. (A telescope is installed on the mound, for a better viewing experience.) This vista is protected by a 'dome and a half' width of sky on either side. In 2005 the then Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, sought to overturn this protection and reduce it to 'half a dome'. In 2009 his successor, Boris Johnson, promised to reinstate the wider view, though also approving a development at Victoria Station which will obscure its right-hand corner.[57]

To the west is a panorama of the Thames Valley.

New gates − 'The Way' − which can be viewed through the King Henry's Mound telescope, were installed in 2012 on the edge of Sidmouth Woods to mark the tercentenary of St Paul's Cathedral.[58]

Plantings and memorials

The park's open slopes and woods are based on lowland acid soils. The grassland is mostly managed by grazing. The park contains numerous woods and copses, some created with donations from members of the public.

Between 1819 and 1835, Lord Sidmouth, Deputy Ranger, established several new plantations and enclosures, including Sidmouth Wood and the ornamental Isabella Plantation, both of which are fenced to keep the deer out.[59][12] After World War II the existing woodland at the Isabella Plantation was transformed into a stunning woodland garden, and is organically run, resulting in a rich flora and fauna. Opened to the public in 1953,[60] it is now a major visitor attraction in its own right.

The Jubilee Plantation, created to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria, was established in 1887.[59]

Teck Plantation, established in 1905, [61]commemorates the Duke and Duchess of Teck, who lived at White Lodge. Their daughter Mary married George V.[38]

Tercentenary Plantation, in 1937, [61] marked the 300th anniversary of the enclosure of the park.

Victory Plantation was established in 1946[61] to mark the end of the Second World War.

Queen Mother's Copse, a small triangular enclosure on the woodland hill halfway between Robin Hood Gate and Ham Gate, was established in 1980 [61] to commemorate the 80th birthday of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother.

Two Storms Wood is a plantation a short distance into the park from Sheen Gate. Some extremely old trees can be seen inside this enclosure.

Bone Copse, which was named in 2005, was started by the Bone family in 1988 by purchasing and planting a tree from the Park authorities in memory of Bessie Bone who died in that year. Trees have been added annually, and in 1994 her husband Frederick Bone also died. The annual planting has been continued by their children.

James Thomson

Ian Dury Memorial Bench in Richmond Park

In 1994 a curved metal bench, known as "Poet's seat", was installed at the north end of Pembroke Lodge Gardens, at a viewpoint overlooking Petersham Park in the area known as Poet’s Corner. Designed by Jane Fowles, it is inscribed with lines by James Thomson, the 18th century Scottish poet best known for writing the words to "Rule Britannia!" who, towards the end of his life, lived in Richmond.[56]

At the north eastern end of Pembroke Lodge Gardens there is another memorial to Thomson, who died at Richmond in 1748. This is a black wooden board, originally installed in 1851 as two boards attached to trees near Pembroke Lodge stables. A version of the present board was erected in 1895 by the Selbourne Society. The board has a poem about Thomson by the writer and historian John Heneage Jesse.[56]

Lines from Thomson’s best-known poem, "The Seasons", are inscribed on King Henry’s Mound.[56]

Ian Dury

In 2002, a "musical bench", designed by Mil Stricevic [4] was placed in a favoured viewing spot of rock-and-roll singer and lyricist Ian Dury (1942–2000) at Poets' Corner. The back of the bench is inscribed with the words "Reasons to be cheerful”, the title of one of Dury’s songs.[56] The solar powered seat was intended to allow visitors to plug in and listen to eight of his songs as well as an interview,[62]but has been subjected to repeated vandalism.[63]

Wildlife

Fallow deer in Richmond Park, February 2008
Red deer in Richmond Park, June 2010

Herds of red and fallow deer roam freely within much of the park. A cull takes place each November and February to ensure numbers can be sustained.

Many of the deer in Richmond Park are infected with a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi which can be transmitted to humans through a tick bite causing Lyme disease. Borrelia belong to a group of bacteria known as spirochetes which cause a number of diseases worldwide, including syphilis, leptospirosis, relapsing fever and Lyme disease.

It is an important refuge for other wildlife, including woodpeckers, squirrels, rabbits, snakes, frogs, toads, stag beetles and many other insects plus numerous ancient trees and varieties of fungi. It is particularly notable for its rare beetles.[3]

Richmond Park supports a large population of what are believed to be Ring-necked (or Rose-ringed) Parakeets. These bred from birds that escaped or were freed from captivity.

Friends of Richmond Park

The Friends of Richmond Park (FRP) [5] was founded in 1961 to protect the park. In 1960 the speed limit in the park had been raised from 20 to 30 miles an hour and there were concerns that the roads in the park would be assigned to the main highway system as had recently happened in parts of Hyde Park.[64] In 1969, plans by the then Greater London Council to assign the Park's roads to the national highway were revealed by the Friends and subsequently withdrawn.[65] The speed limit was reduced to 20 miles an hour in the summer of 2004.[66]

FRP has been a charitable organisation since 2009.[67] It has 2000 members, is run by approximately 150 volunteers and has no staff.[67][68] Broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough, former Richmond Park MP Baroness Susan Kramer and children’s author Dame Jacqueline Wilson are patrons of FRP.[69] The president is Lord Rix.[70] The organisation runs a visitor centre near Pembroke Lodge,[71] organises a programme of walks[72] and education activities for young people, and produces a quarterly newsletter. The Friends have published two books, A Guide to Richmond Park and Family Trails in Richmond Park; profits from the books' sales contribute towards the Friends' conservation work.[73][74]

In 2011, the Friends successfully campaigned for the withdrawal of plans for open air screenings of films in the Park.[75][76] In 2012, the Friends contributed towards the cost of a new Jubilee Pond, and launched a public appeal for a Ponds and Streams Conservation Programme in which the Friends, the Richmond Park Wildlife Group and Healthy Planet have been working with staff from The Royal Parks to restore some of the streams and the more than 30 ponds in the park.[77][78][79]

Parliamentary constituency

Main article: Richmond Park (UK Parliament constituency)

Richmond Park is also the name of a Parliamentary constituency comprising some of the districts that surround the park:

See also

References and footnotes

  1. ^ "Richmond Park: National Monuments Record, Pastscape". English Heritage. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  2. ^ a b Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster. "House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 7 Feb 2002 (pt 18)". www.parliament.uk. Retrieved 8 June 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b "London NNRs". Natural England. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  4. ^ Natural England, Richmond Park citation
  5. ^ Natural England, Nature on the Map, Richmond Park
  6. ^ a b The Royal Parks and Other Open Spaces Regulations 1997
  7. ^ Jasper Copping (10 June 2012). "Watch out Fenton! Richmond Park deers take on dogs". The Telegraph. Retrieved 12 June 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ Michael Baxter Brown (1985). Richmond Park: The History of a Royal Deer Park. p. 115.
  9. ^ Policing the Royal Parks
  10. ^ "Park to bring in bad behaviour penalties", Richmond and Twickenham Times, p7, 13 July 2012.
  11. ^ Amy Dyduch (19 September 2012). "Fine for man who allowed dogs to chase ducks in Richmond Park". Richmond and Twickenham Times. Retrieved 19 September 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ a b c d e "Richmond Park: Landscape History". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  13. ^ "About Richmond Park". The Friends of Richmond Park. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  14. ^ a b ref MPE 1/426. The National Archives (UK). {{cite conference}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  15. ^ An Ordnance Survey map, published in 1949 and now held at The National Archives (UK), ref ZOS 5/5, [1] shows contemporary features in Richmond Park alongside the place names and field boundaries that existed prior to the 1637 Enclosure Act.
  16. ^ David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. p. 51.
  17. ^ Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p. 97.
  18. ^ Kenneth J.Panton (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarebrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8108-5779-0. p.45
  19. ^ a b c The First 50 Years. The Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p.38 Cite error: The named reference "FRP history" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  20. ^ "John Lewis makes Princess open park". The Royal Parks. 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  21. ^ Max Lankester, The Friends of Richmond Park (September 2009). "John Lewis' re-establishment of pedestrian access to Richmond Park" (PDF). London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  22. ^ Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p. 88.
  23. ^ ref MR 1/675. The National Archives (UK). {{cite conference}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  24. ^ Michael Baxter Brown (1985). Richmond Park: The History of a Royal Deer Park. p. 51.
  25. ^ a b John Cloake (1996). Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew, vol II. p. 196.
  26. ^ a b John Cloake (1996). Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew, vol II. p. 190.
  27. ^ a b David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. p. 90.
  28. ^ Michael Baxter Brown (1985). Richmond Park: The History of a Royal Deer Park. p. 150.
  29. ^ Pamela Fletcher Jones (1972). Richmond Park: Portrait of a Royal Playground. p. 36.
  30. ^ David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. p. 78.
  31. ^ a b Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p. 91.
  32. ^ David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. p. 91.
  33. ^ Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p. 89.
  34. ^ David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. p. 97.
  35. ^ David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. p. 95.
  36. ^ John Cloake (editor). Compiled by members of the Richmond Local History Society. Richmond in Old Photographs. Alan Sutton Publishing. p. 151. ISBN 0-86299-855-7. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  37. ^ a b John Cloake (1996). Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew, vol II. p. 201.
  38. ^ a b c David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. p. 70.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. pp. 71–78.
  40. ^ Nigel Cox. "A3 Robin Hood Roundabout". Geograph. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  41. ^ Richmond Park's Robin Hood Gate is to stay closed to benefit local environment, says Culture Minister David Lammy
  42. ^ John Cloake (1996). Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew, vol II. p. 198.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g "Listed buildings in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames" (PDF). London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. May 2005. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  44. ^ John Cloake (1996). Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew, vol II. p. 108.
  45. ^ "Richmond Gate Lodge, Screen Walls, Gate Piers and Gates, Richmond upon Thames". British Listed Buildings. 24 September 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  46. ^ Nigel Cox. "Richmond Park: Roehampton Gate and Lodge". Geograph. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  47. ^ "Living in the Parks". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  48. ^ a b David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. p. 73.
  49. ^ Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p. 101.
  50. ^ a b Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p. 96.
  51. ^ "Holly Lodge - Organisation". The Holly Lodge Centre. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  52. ^ Guide to Richmond Park. Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p. 100.
  53. ^ John Cloake (1996). Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew, vol II. p. 28.
  54. ^ David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. pp. 94–5.
  55. ^ John Cloake (editor). Compiled by members of the Richmond Local History Society. Richmond in Old Photographs. Alan Sutton Publishing. p. 86. ISBN 0-86299-855-7. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  56. ^ a b c d e f "Monuments in Richmond Park". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  57. ^ The First 50 Years. The Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p.12
  58. ^ Christine Fleming (7 June 2012). "Tercentenary gates unveiled at Richmond Park". Richmond and Twickenham Times. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
  59. ^ a b John Cloake (1996). Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew, vol II. London. p. 196.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  60. ^ The First 50 Years. The Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p.32
  61. ^ a b c d David McDowall (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. p. 122.
  62. ^ "The Ian Dury Musical Bench in Richmond Park". UK Travel Blog. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  63. ^ "The Blockheads star Ian Dury's musical memorial repeatedly vandalised in London's Richmond Park". Daily Mirror. London. 26 February 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  64. ^ The First 50 Years. The Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. pp.2-3
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  66. ^ The First 50 Years. The Friends of Richmond Park. 2011. p.33
  67. ^ a b Christine Fleming (25 March 2011). "Friends of Richmond Park to mark 50 years of protecting the green space". Wandsworth Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  68. ^ "Friends of the Royal Parks". The Royal Parks. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  69. ^ Christine Fleming (3 April 2011). "Sir David Attenborough steps up as Friends of Richmond Park marks golden anniversary". This is Local London (Newsquest). Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  70. ^ "Lord Rix". www.parliament.uk. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  71. ^ Sarah Newstead (5 July 2007). "Volunteers launch info-centre for Richmond_Park". Richmond and Twickenham Times. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  72. ^ "Walking Works Campaign". University of Roehampton. 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
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  74. ^ June Sampson (2 September 2011). "Trails give us thrill of discovery" (PDF). Surrey Comet. Retrieved 4 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  75. ^ Paul Teed (11 August 2011). "Richmond Park cinema plans withdrawn". Richmond Guardian. Retrieved 9 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  76. ^ "Friends oppose Park screenings". The Friends of Richmond Park website. 19 July 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  77. ^ "New Jubilee Pond in Richmond Park to be Created". St Margarets Community website. 11 May 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  78. ^ Christine Fleming (10 May 2012). "Jubilee pond to open in Richmond Park". Richmond Guardian. Retrieved 5 June 2012. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  79. ^ "Work starts on more ponds". Friends of Richmond Park. 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richmond Park.

51°26′58″N 0°16′26″W / 51.44944°N 0.27389°W / 51.44944; -0.27389

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