Jump to content

Thousand Islands (Indonesia): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
expanded mainly pari island reef system
Line 96: Line 96:
Kepulauan Seribu Selatan contains the historic Onrust Island Archeology Park.
Kepulauan Seribu Selatan contains the historic Onrust Island Archeology Park.


The Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Selatan can be divided into three Kelurahan: Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa, Kelurahan Pulau Pari, and Kelurahan Pulau Tidung. Pulau Untung Jawa Kelurahan contains 15 islands, Pulau Tidung Kelurahan contains six islands, and Pulau Pari Kelurahan contains ten islands.
The Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Selatan can be divided into three Kelurahan: Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa, Kelurahan Pulau Pari, and Kelurahan Pulau Tidung. Pulau Untung Jawa Kelurahan contains 15 islands, Pulau Tidung Kelurahan contains six islands, and Pulau Pari Kelurahan contains ten islands.


====Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa====
====Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa====
'''Pulau Untung Jawa''' Kelurahan or administrative village (postal code 14510) is the closest kelurahan to the coast of Jakarta. The Kelurahan of Pulau Untung Jawa contains more archaeological artifacts than the rest of the Kepulauan Seribu's islands as it is located closer to Jakarta, being an important and strategic location for military defense as well as transit points for the Dutch colony. Names in italic are not considered an island anymore.
'''Pulau Untung Jawa''' Kelurahan or administrative village (postal code 14510) is the closest kelurahan to the coast of Jakarta. Officially, there are 15 islands in the administrative village. The administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa contains more archaeological artifacts than the rest of the Kepulauan Seribu's islands as it is located closer to Jakarta, being a strategic location for military defenses as well as transit points for the Dutch colony.

Some islands has been gradually eroded by the sea water, due to dredging of the surrounding reef.<ref name="UNESCO" /> Names in italic are not considered islands anymore.


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 112: Line 114:
| Bidadari / Sakit || {{coord|-6.035949|106.746796|format=dms}} || "Heavenly nymph". The Dutch named the island [[Purmerend]] after the Dutch town. In 1850 the Dutch built a [[Martello tower]] here as part of a set of fortifications that protected the approaches to [[Jakarta|Batavia]]. The tower was operational until 1878, when it became a storage site. It too was badly damaged by the Krakatoa explosion and was abandoned in 1908. All that remains now is the base up to a meter or two above ground. Bidadari was also known as Pulau Sakit (Sick Island) as it housed a leper colony during the 17th century. More recently, the island came to be called "Angel Island", to honor the [[leprosarium]] that had been there. Bidadari is a privately developed resort island with some facilities for archaeological tourism.<ref name="pariwisata" /><ref name="maweb" /> ||
| Bidadari / Sakit || {{coord|-6.035949|106.746796|format=dms}} || "Heavenly nymph". The Dutch named the island [[Purmerend]] after the Dutch town. In 1850 the Dutch built a [[Martello tower]] here as part of a set of fortifications that protected the approaches to [[Jakarta|Batavia]]. The tower was operational until 1878, when it became a storage site. It too was badly damaged by the Krakatoa explosion and was abandoned in 1908. All that remains now is the base up to a meter or two above ground. Bidadari was also known as Pulau Sakit (Sick Island) as it housed a leper colony during the 17th century. More recently, the island came to be called "Angel Island", to honor the [[leprosarium]] that had been there. Bidadari is a privately developed resort island with some facilities for archaeological tourism.<ref name="pariwisata" /><ref name="maweb" /> ||
|-
|-
| Bokor || {{coord|-5.943611|106.630833|format=dms}}|| The island is a wildlife reserve protecting a variety of birds.<ref>[http://www.indonesiahai.com/wisata/kontent/Suaka-Margasatwa-Pulau-Bokor Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Bokor]</ref> ||
| Bokor || {{coord|-5.943611|106.630833|format=dms}}|| Bokor Island is the westernmost island of the administrative village of Pulau Jawa. There has been different versions whether the island belongs to the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa or the administrative village of Pulau Pari. The island is a wildlife reserve protecting a variety of birds.<ref>[http://www.indonesiahai.com/wisata/kontent/Suaka-Margasatwa-Pulau-Bokor Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Bokor]</ref> ||
|-
|-
| Cipir / Kahyangan || {{coord| -6.039444|106.735833|format=dms}}|| The Dutch originally named this island de Kuyper Eiland; The British called it Kuyper's or Cooper's Island. During the Dutch colonial era, a shipyard was established in the island. In the early 20th Century a narrow, floating bridge linked Cipir and Onrust islands. At the time, it too functioned as a quarantine station for the [[hajj]] pilgrim. The island contains some ruins from the Dutch colonial era. ||
| Cipir / Kahyangan || {{coord| -6.039444|106.735833|format=dms}}|| The Dutch originally named this island de Kuyper Eiland; The British called it Kuyper's or Cooper's Island. During the Dutch colonial era, a shipyard was established in the island. In the early 20th Century a narrow, floating bridge linked Cipir and Onrust islands. At the time, it too functioned as a quarantine station for the [[hajj]] pilgrim. The island contains some ruins from the Dutch colonial era. ||
Line 136: Line 138:
| Onrust / Undrus / Kapal || {{coord|-6.033333|106.734722|format=dms}} || The island Onrust is named after the Dutch ''Onrust'', or "unrest". The island is also known as Pulau Kapal (Ship Island) or Pulau Damar Besar. Onrust was the site of a major shipyard and five-sided fort that had belonged to the by then defunct Dutch East India Company. The Dutch had to rebuild the naval base on Onrust several times due to British attacks, such as the one in 1800. The last restoration was in 1840. In 1883 the explosion of [[Krakatoa]] sent a huge tidal wave that destroyed the last Dutch naval base on the island. During the 19th Century Onrust held a [[sanitorium]] for people suffering from [[tuberculosis]] and a quarantine station for pilgrims returning from the [[Hajj]] to [[Mecca]].<ref group=Note>It was the pilgrim flow to Mecca that caused the [[Netherlands Trading Society]] to establish a bank branch in [[Jeddah]] in 1926. Until 1948 this was the only bank of any kind in what is now Saudi Arabia. This bank branch became what is now [[Saudi Hollandi Bank]].</ref> The quarantine barracks took up some two-thirds of the island and could hold 3,500 pilgrims. Over the years erosion reduced Onrust from its original 12 hectares to 7.5 hectares (2002). The administration then built concrete retaining walls around the island but these are now in a dilapidated state. || [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gezicht vanaf zee op het eiland Onrust (oftewel Poelau Kapal) of Kuiper (oftewel Poelau Tjipir) TMnr 60016054.jpg|120px]]
| Onrust / Undrus / Kapal || {{coord|-6.033333|106.734722|format=dms}} || The island Onrust is named after the Dutch ''Onrust'', or "unrest". The island is also known as Pulau Kapal (Ship Island) or Pulau Damar Besar. Onrust was the site of a major shipyard and five-sided fort that had belonged to the by then defunct Dutch East India Company. The Dutch had to rebuild the naval base on Onrust several times due to British attacks, such as the one in 1800. The last restoration was in 1840. In 1883 the explosion of [[Krakatoa]] sent a huge tidal wave that destroyed the last Dutch naval base on the island. During the 19th Century Onrust held a [[sanitorium]] for people suffering from [[tuberculosis]] and a quarantine station for pilgrims returning from the [[Hajj]] to [[Mecca]].<ref group=Note>It was the pilgrim flow to Mecca that caused the [[Netherlands Trading Society]] to establish a bank branch in [[Jeddah]] in 1926. Until 1948 this was the only bank of any kind in what is now Saudi Arabia. This bank branch became what is now [[Saudi Hollandi Bank]].</ref> The quarantine barracks took up some two-thirds of the island and could hold 3,500 pilgrims. Over the years erosion reduced Onrust from its original 12 hectares to 7.5 hectares (2002). The administration then built concrete retaining walls around the island but these are now in a dilapidated state. || [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gezicht vanaf zee op het eiland Onrust (oftewel Poelau Kapal) of Kuiper (oftewel Poelau Tjipir) TMnr 60016054.jpg|120px]]
|-
|-
| Rambut || {{coord|-5.973889|106.692222|format=dms}} || formerly ''Middleburgh Eiland''. Rambut ("hair") Island is the westernmost island of the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa. The island is located 800 meter to the west of Untung Jawa Island. During the Dutch colonial era, the island was used as a military defense point. In 1999, a wildlife reserve was established in the island. The idea was based on an idea by the Director of Botanical Garden of Bogor during the governance of the Dutch Indies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pulauseribu.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=16 |language=Indonesian |title=Obyek Wisata : Mengenal Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut |author=Iyus/hadi |date=28 March, 2007 |work= |publisher=Pulau Seribu.net |accessdate=February 10, 2012}}</ref>. The island contains a watchtower for birdwatching. ||
| Rambut || {{coord|-5.973889|106.692222|format=dms}} || formerly ''Middleburgh Eiland''. If Bokor Island is not included in the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa, Rambut ("hair") Island is the westernmost island of the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa. The island is located 800 meter to the west of Untung Jawa Island. During the Dutch colonial era, the island was used as a military defense point. In 1999, a wildlife reserve was established in the island. The idea was based on an idea by the Director of Botanical Garden of Bogor during the governance of the Dutch Indies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pulauseribu.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=16 |language=Indonesian |title=Obyek Wisata : Mengenal Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut |author=Iyus/hadi |date=28 March, 2007 |work= |publisher=Pulau Seribu.net |accessdate=February 10, 2012}}</ref>. The island contains a watchtower for birdwatching. ||
|-
|-
| Ubi Besar || {{coord| -6.000556| 106.740833|format=dms}} || formerly called [[Rotterdam]] after a Dutch city. Ubi Besar Island is eroding rapidly as the reef around it is dredged. The island has now been submerged.<ref name="parbud" /><ref name="UNESCO" /> ||
| Ubi Besar || {{coord| -6.000556| 106.740833|format=dms}} || formerly called [[Rotterdam]] after a Dutch city. Ubi Besar Island is eroding rapidly as the reef around it is dredged. The island has now been submerged.<ref name="parbud" /><ref name="UNESCO" /> ||
Line 147: Line 149:


====Kelurahan Pulau Pari====
====Kelurahan Pulau Pari====
'''Pulau Pari''' Kelurahan or administrative village (postal code 14520) makes up the islands around the reef system of Pari Island. The boundary of the administrative village is everything to the east of an imaginary line which run north to south between Karang Beras Island (the easternmost island of the Pulau Tidung administrative village) and Gundul Island (the westernmost island of the Pulau Pari administrative village in the official map, but in reality there is no island in the coordinates). Officially, there are ten islands in the administrative village.
Kelurahan '''Pulau Pari''' (postal code 14520).

The administrative center of Pulau Pari administrative village is located in Pari Island, which is located in an extensive reef system which also contains the islands of Biawak, Kongsi, Tikus, Burung, and several others.


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
! Island !! Location !! Remarks !! Image
|-
|-
! scope="col" width="150" | Island
⚫
| Biawak || {{coord|-5.852778|106.618889|format=dms}}<ref name="indopedia" /> || "Monitor lizard". Not to be confused with the Biawak island of [[Indramayu Regency]]. The island is located to the north of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system.||
! scope="col" width="160" | Location
! scope="col" width="800" | Remarks
! scope="col" width="120" | Image
|-
⚫
| Biawak || {{coord|-5.852778|106.618889|format=dms}}<ref name="indopedia" /> || "Monitor lizard". Not to be confused with the Biawak island of [[Indramayu Regency]]. This small island is located to the north of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system.||
|-
⚫
| Burung || {{coord|-5.864444|106.598611|format=dms}} || Privately owned. <ref name="pariwisata" /> This small island is located to the west of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system. ||
|-
|-
| ''Gundul'' || || In official maps, the island is supposed to be located at the westernmost edge of the reef system belonging to the Pari Island, but in reality there is no island in the coordinates, making Tikus Island as the westernmost island in the reef. ||
⚫
| Burung || {{coord|-5.864444|106.598611|format=dms}} || Privately owned. <ref name="pariwisata" />||
|-
|-
| Karang Kudus / Karang Gudus || {{coord|-5.852778|106.620000|format=dms}}<ref name="indopedia" /> || Privately owned. <ref name="pariwisata" />||
| Karang Kudus / Karang Gudus || {{coord|-5.852778|106.620000|format=dms}}<ref name="indopedia" /> || Privately owned.<ref name="pariwisata" /> The island is located to the north of Pari Island, belonging to the same reef system. ||
|-
|-
| Kongsi || {{coord|-5.856667|106.600833|format=dms}} || ||
| Kongsi || {{coord|-5.856667|106.600833|format=dms}} || This small island is located to the west of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system. It contains a pier and a small settlement. ||
|-
|-
| Kudus Lempeng / Gudus Lempeng || {{coord|-5.853611|106.622778|format=dms}}<ref name="indopedia" /> || ||
| Kudus Lempeng / Gudus Lempeng || {{coord|-5.853611|106.622778|format=dms}}<ref name="indopedia" /> || This small reef / island is located to the north of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system as Pari Island. ||
|-
|-
| Lancang Besar || {{coord|-5.928333|106.584722|format=dms}} || Contains a fishing village and a mangrove protected area.<ref name="maweb">{{cite book |title=LOCAL MILLENIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT: CONDITION AND TREND OF THE GREATER JAKARTA BAY ECOSYSTEM |last=Arifin |first=Zainal |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=The Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia |location=Jakarta |isbn= |page= |pages= |url=http://www.maweb.org/documents_sga/Indonesia%20MA2004_Final.pdf |accessdate=}}</ref> ||
| Lancang Besar || {{coord|-5.928333|106.584722|format=dms}} || Lancang Besar Island is the second largest island in the administrative village. The island is located to the south of the Pari Island reef system. It belongs to its own reef system which also makes out the Lancang Kecil Island. The island contains a fishing village and a protected mangrove forest.<ref name="maweb">{{cite book |title=LOCAL MILLENIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT: CONDITION AND TREND OF THE GREATER JAKARTA BAY ECOSYSTEM |last=Arifin |first=Zainal |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=The Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia |location=Jakarta |isbn= |page= |pages= |url=http://www.maweb.org/documents_sga/Indonesia%20MA2004_Final.pdf |accessdate=}}</ref> ||
|-
|-
| Lancang Kecil || {{coord|-5.937222|106.594167|format=dms}} || Privately owned.<ref name="pariwisata" /> Eastern part of the island is covered with mangroves.||
| Lancang Kecil || {{coord|-5.937222|106.594167|format=dms}} || Privately owned.<ref name="pariwisata" /> The island is located to the south of the Pari Island reef system. It belongs to a reef system which also makes out the Lancang Besar Island. The island is slightly smaller than the Lancang Besar island and is uninhabited. The eastern part of the island is covered with mangroves.||
|-
|-
| '''Pari''' || {{coord| -5.857222|106.619722|format=dms}}|| The capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Pari and the largest island in the Pari reef system. ||
| '''Pari''' || {{coord| -5.857222|106.619722|format=dms}}|| The capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Pari and the largest island in the Pari reef system and in the administrative village. The reef system that surrounds the Pari Island is extensive and contains the island of Tikus, Tengah, Burung, Biawak, Kongsi, and several sandbars as well as coral reefs. Unlike the other reef system of Kepulauan Seribu, the reef of Pari Island is mainly allocated for research, and therefore it is less disturbed by tourism. The reef system also contains mangrove forests. Since 1997, Pari Island and its surrounding reef has been used as the center of oceanographic study by the [[Indonesian Institute of Sciences]].||
|-
|-
| Tengah || {{coord|-5.858333|106.604722|format=dms}} || Privately owned. <ref name="pariwisata" />||
| Tengah || {{coord|-5.858333|106.604722|format=dms}} || Privately owned.<ref name="pariwisata" /> This small island is located to the west of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system. ||
|-
|-
| Tikus || {{coord|-5.862500|106.583056|format=dms}} || Used for research. ||
| Tikus || {{coord|-5.862500|106.583056|format=dms}} || Used for research. This small island is located to the west of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system. It is currently the westernmost island in the administrative village.||
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 180: Line 190:


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Island !! Location !! Remarks !! Image
! scope="col" width="150" | Island
! scope="col" width="160" | Location
! scope="col" width="800" | Remarks
! scope="col" width="120" | Image
|-
|-
| Karang Beras || {{coord| -5.770817|106.560084|format=dms}} || The island is used for recreation and contains cottages. ||
| Karang Beras || {{coord| -5.770817|106.560084|format=dms}} || The island is used for recreation and contains cottages. ||
Line 188: Line 202:
| Laki || {{coord| -5.957500|106.521389|format=dms}} || The island was formerly developed as a resort, it is now nonoperational.<ref name="pariwisata" /><ref name="maweb" /> ||
| Laki || {{coord| -5.957500|106.521389|format=dms}} || The island was formerly developed as a resort, it is now nonoperational.<ref name="pariwisata" /><ref name="maweb" /> ||
|-
|-
| Payung Besar / Pajung Besar || {{coord| -5.821667|106.554167|format=dms}} || The island contains a settlement. ||
| Payung Besar / Pajung Besar || {{coord| -5.821667|106.554167|format=dms}} || Payung Besar ("big umbrella") Island is a teardrop shaped island located to the southeast of Tidung Island reef system. The island belongs to its own reef system. Payung Besar island contains some narrow piers, a steel lighthouse (constructed in 1890)<ref>http://sidesaidblog.wordpress.com/2012/03/03/menengok-mercusuar-di-pulau-payung-besar/ Menengok Mercusuar di Pulau Payung Besar</ref>, and a small settlement. ||
|-
|-
| Payung Kecil / Pajung Kecil || {{coord|-5.814167|106.548889|format=dms}} || This small island (0.46 hectares) is treeless and is submerged during high tide. It contains two cottages and is used for aquaculture.<ref>http://morincirebon.blogspot.com/2010/07/pulau-payung-kecil-kepulauan-seribu.html Pulau Payung Kecil - Kepulauan Seribu</ref>||
| Payung Kecil / Pajung Kecil || {{coord|-5.814167|106.548889|format=dms}} || This small island (0.46 hectares) is better described as a sand bar, it is treeless and is submerged during high tide. It contains two cottages and is used for aquaculture.<ref>http://morincirebon.blogspot.com/2010/07/pulau-payung-kecil-kepulauan-seribu.html Pulau Payung Kecil - Kepulauan Seribu</ref>||
|-
|-
| '''Tidung Besar''' || {{coord| -5.798889|106.500000|format=dms}} || Capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Tidung, Tidung Besar is the largest island in the Kelurahan of Pulau Tidung. It contains a settlement. || [[File:Pulau Tidung.jpg|120px]]
| '''Tidung Besar''' || {{coord| -5.798889|106.500000|format=dms}} || Capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Tidung, Tidung Besar is the largest island in the Kelurahan of Pulau Tidung. It contains a settlement. || [[File:Pulau Tidung.jpg|120px]]
Line 213: Line 227:


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Island !! Location !! Remarks !! Image
! scope="col" width="150" | Island
! scope="col" width="160" | Location
! scope="col" width="800" | Remarks
! scope="col" width="120" | Image
|-
|-
| Air|| {{coord|-5.765007|106.582814|format=dms}} || The island is used for recreation and contains cottages. || [[File:Pulau_Air.jpg|120px]]
| Air|| {{coord|-5.765007|106.582814|format=dms}} || The island is used for recreation and contains cottages. || [[File:Pulau_Air.jpg|120px]]
Line 251: Line 269:


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Island !! Location !! Remarks !! Image
! scope="col" width="150" | Island
! scope="col" width="160" | Location
! scope="col" width="800" | Remarks
! scope="col" width="120" | Image
|-
|-
| Bundar / Bunder || {{coord|-5.512673|106.525677|format=dms}}|| Privately owned. <ref name="pariwisata" /> The island belongs to the same reef system as the islands of Sebaru Kecil, Kapas, and Lipan. ||
| Bundar / Bunder || {{coord|-5.512673|106.525677|format=dms}}|| Privately owned. <ref name="pariwisata" /> The island belongs to the same reef system as the islands of Sebaru Kecil, Kapas, and Lipan. ||
Line 351: Line 373:


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Island !! Location !! Remarks !! Image
! scope="col" width="150" | Island
! scope="col" width="160" | Location
! scope="col" width="800" | Remarks
! scope="col" width="120" | Image
|-
|-
| Belanda|| {{coord|-5.606426|106.605349|format=dms}}|| ||
| Belanda|| {{coord|-5.606426|106.605349|format=dms}}|| ||

Revision as of 08:27, 6 May 2012

Kepulauan Seribu
Thousand Islands
Regency
The archipelago of Kepulauan Seribu focusing on Pulau Kelapa in the center of the picture.
The archipelago of Kepulauan Seribu focusing on Pulau Kelapa in the center of the picture.
Country Indonesia
ProvinceJakarta
CapitalPramuka Island
Government
 • Bupati (Regent)Drs. Burhanuddin, MM
Area
 • Total8.7 km2 (3.4 sq mi)
Population
 • Total21.071
 • Density2.4/km2 (6.3/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+7 (WIB)

Kepulauan Seribu (English: Thousand Islands) is the name for chains of islands to the north of Jakarta's coast as well as the name of the only regency of Jakarta, Indonesia. It consists of a string of 110 islands[1] stretching 45 kilometers north into the Java Sea.

A decree[2] states that 36 islands may be used for recreation. Of these 36 islands, only 13 islands are fully developed: 11 islands are homes to resorts island and two islands are historic parks. Twenty-three islands are privately owned and are not open to the public.[3] The rest of the islands are either uninhabited or support a fishing village.[3]

History

The modern history of the Kepulauan Seribu chain of islands begins with its role in the defenses of the city of Batavia for the VOC and the Dutch colonial empire. Since the establishment of Batavia in 1610, Onrust island has been a naval base.

After the VOC failed to obtain control of trade at Banten in 1610, the Dutch obtained permission from Prince Jayakarta to build a dock at one of the islands in Jakarta Bay as a place to repair and equip ships sailing to Asia, particularly South East Asia. The island Prince Jayakarta assigned to the VOC was Onrust Island, a 12 hectare island 14 km from Jakarta.

Map of Onrust Island (1650)

In 1615 the VOC built a shipyard and a small storage house on the island, which Jan Pieterszoon Coen hoped would eventually develop into a trade and defence base against threats from Banten and England (1618). The VOC constructed a small rectangular fort with two bastions in 1656; the bastions protruded from the fort and were used as look-out posts.[4] The Dutch enlarged the fort in 1671 and gave it an asymetrical pentagonal shape with a bastion in each corner. The whole structure was made of red bricks and coral. In 1674 additional storage buildings were built.[4]

Onrust Island in 1699.

In 1795, the position of the Dutch in Batavia became quite uncertain due to the war in Europe, and the situation became worse with the appearance in 1800 of a British naval squadron under the command of Captain Henry Lidgbird Ball of HMS Daedalus. Daedalus, HMS Sybille, HMS Centurion and HMS Braave entered the area, which they referred to as Batavia Roads. They seized five Dutch armed vessels and destroyed 22 other vessels. Onrust island was under siege by the British and eventually destroyed.

After the British departed, the Dutch rebuilt the buildings and facilities, completing the work in 1806. However, a second British attack, led by Admiral Edward Pellew, again destroyed the fort. When the British occupied Batavia in 1810, they repaired the buildings in Onrust island until prior to their leaving Indonesia in 1816.[4]

Onrust island again received attention in 1827 during the period of Governor General G.A.Baron Van Der Capellen and activities in the island were normal again in 1848. In 1856 a floating shipyard was built. However, the construction of Tanjung Priok harbour in 1883 resulted in a decline in the role and significance of Onrust island.[4]

The island Onrust and Kuyper as a quarantine place for Hajj pilgrims in 1925.

In 1911-1933, Onrust island became a quarantine station for pilgrims returning from the Hajj. A barrack was built in 1911 that contained 35 units for about 100 pilgrims.[5]. From 1933 until 1940, the Dutch used Onrust to hold the mutineers involved in the Incident of the Seven Ships (Zeven Provincien). In 1940, the Dutch used it to hold Germans, such as Steinfurt, who was the Chief Administrator of Onrust Island. After the Japanese invaded Indonesia in 1942, the role of Onrust island declined again and it became a prison for serious criminals.[4]

After Indonesia proclaimed her independence, the island became a leprosarium under the control of the Indonesia Ministry of Health, until 1960. The leprosarium then relocated to Post VII at Tanjung Priok harbour.

After a coup by General Suharto, Chris Soumokil, who had proclaimed a Republic of South Moluccas with himself as president, was arrested and held at Onrust. Later he was executed there on 21 April 1966, by order of President Suharto.[6][7]

In 1972 Ali Sadikin, then governor of Jakarta, declared Onrust Island a protected historical site. In 2002 the administration made Onrust and its three neighbors - the islands of Cipir, Kelor and Bidadari - an archaeological park to protect the artifacts and ruins on the islands that date back to the time of the Dutch East India Company.

Ecology

Coral reefs in Kepulauan Seribu

An area of 107,489 hectares of land and sea was declared by the Minister of Agriculture in 1982 and designated by a Forestry Ministrial Decree in 2002 as the Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu (Thousand Islands Marine National Park). Public access is prohibited on two of the islands, Panjaliran Barat and Panjaliran Timur, where sea turtles are conserved.[8][9]

The Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park is located 45 km north of Jakarta. It is mostly located on the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara (the northern part of Kepulauan Seribu island chain). The complex contains 342 reef platforms, with 110 formes an island larger than half an acre. There may be as many as 700 individual reefs in the complex.[10]

In general, the plants that grow in the Park are dominated by coastal species like coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), pandan (Pandanus sp.), cemara laut (Casuarina equisetifolia), cangkudu (Morinda citrifolia), butun (Barringtonia asiatica), mangroves (Bruguiera sp.), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), ketapang (Terminalia catappa), and kecundang (Cerbera odollam).[9]

Sea vegetation commonly found in the Park consists of seaweed divisions like Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta as well as classes of sea grasses like Halimeda sp., Padina sp., Thalassia sp., Sargassum sp., and Caulerpa sp.[9]

The dominant animals in the Park include 54 sea biota species which form part of the coral reef ecosystem, 144 species of fish, 2 species of giant clam, 6 species of sea grass, sea worms of various colours and 17 species of coastal bird.[9]

This Park forms a hatching site for hawksbill sea turtle, and green sea turtle. The hawksbill turtle is an endangered species and is rarely found in other waters. These turtles are bred on Pramuka Island. This activity is aimed at recovering the turtle population, which had almost reached extinction. Breeding activities include egg hatching in a semi-natural way and caring for the baby turtles till they are ready to be released into their natural habitat.[9]

Most coastal areas of this Park are surrounded by mangrove forest, where iguanas, golden ring snakes and reticulated pythons can be found.[9]

Islands and administrative divisions

Kepulauan Seribu Regency contains 110 islands and is divided into two subdistricts or kecamatan: the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Selatan, or South Thousand Islands, and the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara, or North Thousand Islands. Each kecamatan in turn is divided into three kelurahan.

Below are the complete list of the islands in Pulau Seribu:[11]

Kecamatan Kepulauan Seribu Selatan (South Thousand Islands)

The Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Selatan is the closest subdistrict to the coast of Jakarta. Being relatively closer to the coast of Jakarta, the waters around the islands suffer from the pollution coming from the Jakarta Bay. The pollution is the result of the poor living condition of the majority of people living along the bay, as well as nutrient inputs from agricultural runoff, industrial pollution, and wastewater.

Kepulauan Seribu Selatan contains the historic Onrust Island Archeology Park.

The Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Selatan can be divided into three Kelurahan: Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa, Kelurahan Pulau Pari, and Kelurahan Pulau Tidung. Pulau Untung Jawa Kelurahan contains 15 islands, Pulau Tidung Kelurahan contains six islands, and Pulau Pari Kelurahan contains ten islands.

Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa

Pulau Untung Jawa Kelurahan or administrative village (postal code 14510) is the closest kelurahan to the coast of Jakarta. Officially, there are 15 islands in the administrative village. The administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa contains more archaeological artifacts than the rest of the Kepulauan Seribu's islands as it is located closer to Jakarta, being a strategic location for military defenses as well as transit points for the Dutch colony.

Some islands has been gradually eroded by the sea water, due to dredging of the surrounding reef.[12] Names in italic are not considered islands anymore.

Island Location Remarks Image
Air Besar / Ayer Besar 6°00′15″S 106°46′53″E / 6.004167°S 106.781389°E / -6.004167; 106.781389 Also known as Ayer, it is privately developed as a resort. [3][13]
Bidadari / Sakit 6°02′09″S 106°44′48″E / 6.035949°S 106.746796°E / -6.035949; 106.746796 "Heavenly nymph". The Dutch named the island Purmerend after the Dutch town. In 1850 the Dutch built a Martello tower here as part of a set of fortifications that protected the approaches to Batavia. The tower was operational until 1878, when it became a storage site. It too was badly damaged by the Krakatoa explosion and was abandoned in 1908. All that remains now is the base up to a meter or two above ground. Bidadari was also known as Pulau Sakit (Sick Island) as it housed a leper colony during the 17th century. More recently, the island came to be called "Angel Island", to honor the leprosarium that had been there. Bidadari is a privately developed resort island with some facilities for archaeological tourism.[3][13]
Bokor 5°56′37″S 106°37′51″E / 5.943611°S 106.630833°E / -5.943611; 106.630833 Bokor Island is the westernmost island of the administrative village of Pulau Jawa. There has been different versions whether the island belongs to the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa or the administrative village of Pulau Pari. The island is a wildlife reserve protecting a variety of birds.[14]
Cipir / Kahyangan 6°02′22″S 106°44′09″E / 6.039444°S 106.735833°E / -6.039444; 106.735833 The Dutch originally named this island de Kuyper Eiland; The British called it Kuyper's or Cooper's Island. During the Dutch colonial era, a shipyard was established in the island. In the early 20th Century a narrow, floating bridge linked Cipir and Onrust islands. At the time, it too functioned as a quarantine station for the hajj pilgrim. The island contains some ruins from the Dutch colonial era.
Damar Besar / Edam / Damar Tengah 5°57′26″S 106°50′40″E / 5.957222°S 106.844444°E / -5.957222; 106.844444 Formerly known as Edam, after a Dutch town. The island contains a 65 meter lighthouse, built in 1879, known as Vast Licht. It is still used for sea traffic.
Damar Kecil / Monyet / Wanara 5°59′01″S 106°50′50″E / 5.983611°S 106.847222°E / -5.983611; 106.847222 Formerly known as Alkmaar, after a Dutch town. The island is a post for the Indonesian Navy.
Dapur 5°55′00″S 106°43′00″E / 5.916667°S 106.716667°E / -5.916667; 106.716667 Dapur ("kitchen") Island is the northernmost island in the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa.
Karang Air Kecil / Ayer Kecil / Nusi 5°59′00″S 106°46′00″E / 5.983333°S 106.766667°E / -5.983333; 106.766667 Coral reefs were removed at Air Kecil and as a result of subsequent erosion, the island has now disappeared.[15][12]
Karang Ayer Sedang 5°58′43″S 106°44′56″E / 5.978680°S 106.748882°E / -5.978680; 106.748882 This reef is located between the islands of Ayer Besar and Untung Jawa.
Karang Pasir Karang Pasir is the southernmost reef in the administrative village. It contains no island.
Kelor 6°01′33″S 106°44′43″E / 6.025746°S 106.745393°E / -6.025746; 106.745393 The Dutch first referred to this island as Engelse (English) Onrust and started to use it as a cemetery. It then became known as Kerkhof eiland (Cemetery island) and eventually Kelor. The island contains a circular tower-like structure, often referred to as Martello tower, though it is not one.
Nyamuk Besar / Nirwana 6°01′52″S 106°50′53″E / 6.031111°S 106.848056°E / -6.031111; 106.848056 Nirwana ("heaven, paradise") Island is the easternmost island of Kepulauan Seribu Regency. Abrasion has caused the island to disappear gradually.[15]
Nyamuk Kecil / Talak 6°00′24″S 106°49′47″E / 6.006667°S 106.829722°E / -6.006667; 106.829722 Abrasion has caused the island to disappear.[15]
Onrust / Undrus / Kapal 6°02′00″S 106°44′05″E / 6.033333°S 106.734722°E / -6.033333; 106.734722 The island Onrust is named after the Dutch Onrust, or "unrest". The island is also known as Pulau Kapal (Ship Island) or Pulau Damar Besar. Onrust was the site of a major shipyard and five-sided fort that had belonged to the by then defunct Dutch East India Company. The Dutch had to rebuild the naval base on Onrust several times due to British attacks, such as the one in 1800. The last restoration was in 1840. In 1883 the explosion of Krakatoa sent a huge tidal wave that destroyed the last Dutch naval base on the island. During the 19th Century Onrust held a sanitorium for people suffering from tuberculosis and a quarantine station for pilgrims returning from the Hajj to Mecca.[Note 1] The quarantine barracks took up some two-thirds of the island and could hold 3,500 pilgrims. Over the years erosion reduced Onrust from its original 12 hectares to 7.5 hectares (2002). The administration then built concrete retaining walls around the island but these are now in a dilapidated state.
Rambut 5°58′26″S 106°41′32″E / 5.973889°S 106.692222°E / -5.973889; 106.692222 formerly Middleburgh Eiland. If Bokor Island is not included in the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa, Rambut ("hair") Island is the westernmost island of the administrative village of Pulau Untung Jawa. The island is located 800 meter to the west of Untung Jawa Island. During the Dutch colonial era, the island was used as a military defense point. In 1999, a wildlife reserve was established in the island. The idea was based on an idea by the Director of Botanical Garden of Bogor during the governance of the Dutch Indies.[16]. The island contains a watchtower for birdwatching.
Ubi Besar 6°00′02″S 106°44′27″E / 6.000556°S 106.740833°E / -6.000556; 106.740833 formerly called Rotterdam after a Dutch city. Ubi Besar Island is eroding rapidly as the reef around it is dredged. The island has now been submerged.[15][12]
Ubi Kecil 6°00′24″S 106°42′52″E / 6.006667°S 106.714444°E / -6.006667; 106.714444 formerly called Schiedam after a Dutch city. Coral reefs were removed at Ubi Kecil Islands, and as a result of subsequent erosion, the island have now disappeared.[15][12]
Untung Jawa 5°58′39″S 106°42′25″E / 5.977488°S 106.706941°E / -5.977488; 106.706941 formerly named Amsterdam after a Dutch city, Untung Jawa is the capital of Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa. The island is located 800 meter to the east of Rambut Island. The island contains a settlement and mangrove forest.

Kelurahan Pulau Pari

Pulau Pari Kelurahan or administrative village (postal code 14520) makes up the islands around the reef system of Pari Island. The boundary of the administrative village is everything to the east of an imaginary line which run north to south between Karang Beras Island (the easternmost island of the Pulau Tidung administrative village) and Gundul Island (the westernmost island of the Pulau Pari administrative village in the official map, but in reality there is no island in the coordinates). Officially, there are ten islands in the administrative village.

The administrative center of Pulau Pari administrative village is located in Pari Island, which is located in an extensive reef system which also contains the islands of Biawak, Kongsi, Tikus, Burung, and several others.

Island Location Remarks Image
Biawak 5°51′10″S 106°37′08″E / 5.852778°S 106.618889°E / -5.852778; 106.618889[17] "Monitor lizard". Not to be confused with the Biawak island of Indramayu Regency. This small island is located to the north of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system.
Burung 5°51′52″S 106°35′55″E / 5.864444°S 106.598611°E / -5.864444; 106.598611 Privately owned. [3] This small island is located to the west of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system.
Gundul In official maps, the island is supposed to be located at the westernmost edge of the reef system belonging to the Pari Island, but in reality there is no island in the coordinates, making Tikus Island as the westernmost island in the reef.
Karang Kudus / Karang Gudus 5°51′10″S 106°37′12″E / 5.852778°S 106.620000°E / -5.852778; 106.620000[17] Privately owned.[3] The island is located to the north of Pari Island, belonging to the same reef system.
Kongsi 5°51′24″S 106°36′03″E / 5.856667°S 106.600833°E / -5.856667; 106.600833 This small island is located to the west of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system. It contains a pier and a small settlement.
Kudus Lempeng / Gudus Lempeng 5°51′13″S 106°37′22″E / 5.853611°S 106.622778°E / -5.853611; 106.622778[17] This small reef / island is located to the north of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system as Pari Island.
Lancang Besar 5°55′42″S 106°35′05″E / 5.928333°S 106.584722°E / -5.928333; 106.584722 Lancang Besar Island is the second largest island in the administrative village. The island is located to the south of the Pari Island reef system. It belongs to its own reef system which also makes out the Lancang Kecil Island. The island contains a fishing village and a protected mangrove forest.[13]
Lancang Kecil 5°56′14″S 106°35′39″E / 5.937222°S 106.594167°E / -5.937222; 106.594167 Privately owned.[3] The island is located to the south of the Pari Island reef system. It belongs to a reef system which also makes out the Lancang Besar Island. The island is slightly smaller than the Lancang Besar island and is uninhabited. The eastern part of the island is covered with mangroves.
Pari 5°51′26″S 106°37′11″E / 5.857222°S 106.619722°E / -5.857222; 106.619722 The capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Pari and the largest island in the Pari reef system and in the administrative village. The reef system that surrounds the Pari Island is extensive and contains the island of Tikus, Tengah, Burung, Biawak, Kongsi, and several sandbars as well as coral reefs. Unlike the other reef system of Kepulauan Seribu, the reef of Pari Island is mainly allocated for research, and therefore it is less disturbed by tourism. The reef system also contains mangrove forests. Since 1997, Pari Island and its surrounding reef has been used as the center of oceanographic study by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences.
Tengah 5°51′30″S 106°36′17″E / 5.858333°S 106.604722°E / -5.858333; 106.604722 Privately owned.[3] This small island is located to the west of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system.
Tikus 5°51′45″S 106°34′59″E / 5.862500°S 106.583056°E / -5.862500; 106.583056 Used for research. This small island is located to the west of Pari Island and belongs to the same reef system. It is currently the westernmost island in the administrative village.

Kelurahan Pulau Tidung

The Kelurahan of Pulau Tidung (postal code 14520) contains six official islands.

Island names in italic are not included in the six official islands.

Island Location Remarks Image
Karang Beras 5°46′15″S 106°33′36″E / 5.770817°S 106.560084°E / -5.770817; 106.560084 The island is used for recreation and contains cottages.
Karang Beras Kecil 5°46′11″S 106°33′14″E / 5.769722°S 106.553889°E / -5.769722; 106.553889 The island is located to the west of Karang Beras. It belongs to the same reef system as Karang Beras island.
Laki 5°57′27″S 106°31′17″E / 5.957500°S 106.521389°E / -5.957500; 106.521389 The island was formerly developed as a resort, it is now nonoperational.[3][13]
Payung Besar / Pajung Besar 5°49′18″S 106°33′15″E / 5.821667°S 106.554167°E / -5.821667; 106.554167 Payung Besar ("big umbrella") Island is a teardrop shaped island located to the southeast of Tidung Island reef system. The island belongs to its own reef system. Payung Besar island contains some narrow piers, a steel lighthouse (constructed in 1890)[18], and a small settlement.
Payung Kecil / Pajung Kecil 5°48′51″S 106°32′56″E / 5.814167°S 106.548889°E / -5.814167; 106.548889 This small island (0.46 hectares) is better described as a sand bar, it is treeless and is submerged during high tide. It contains two cottages and is used for aquaculture.[19]
Tidung Besar 5°47′56″S 106°30′00″E / 5.798889°S 106.500000°E / -5.798889; 106.500000 Capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Tidung, Tidung Besar is the largest island in the Kelurahan of Pulau Tidung. It contains a settlement.
Tidung Kecil 5°48′12″S 106°31′24″E / 5.803333°S 106.523333°E / -5.803333; 106.523333 Privately owned. The island is connected to Tidung Besar via a 630 meter long wooden bridge. [3]

Kecamatan Kepulauan Seribu Utara (North Thousand Islands)

The Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara ("North Thousand Islands") is located further north from Jakarta. The sea water is relatively cleaner than the Subdistrict of South Thousand Islands because of its location further away from the Bay of Jakarta. The cleaner water is able to sustain more varieties of marine life.

On January 1, 1982, some of the islands in the Kecamatan of North Thousand Islands are declared a Marine National Park under the name Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu or "Thousand Islands Marine National National Park".[20]

The Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara is divided into three Kelurahan (Administrative villages): Kelurahan Pulau Panggang, Kelurahan Pulau Kelapa, and Kelurahan Pulau Harapan.

Kelurahan Pulau Panggang

The Kelurahan of Pulau Panggang (postal code 14530) makes up the southern part of the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara. Officially, the Kelurahan contains 13 islands which is divided into two settlement islands, two resort islands, one administrative island, and the rest are conservation islands.

Pulau Panggang was officially inaugurated as the administrative center of the Kelurahan Pulau Panggang in August 1986, and in July 27, 2000 when Kepulauan Seribu was elevated from a Subdistrict (Kecamatan) into a Regency (Kabupaten). Pulau Pramuka, the administrative center of Kepulauan Seribu Regency, is also located in the Kelurahan of Pulau Panggang.[21]

Island names in italic are not included in the official 13 islands of Kelurahan Pulau Panggang.

Island Location Remarks Image
Air 5°45′54″S 106°34′58″E / 5.765007°S 106.582814°E / -5.765007; 106.582814 The island is used for recreation and contains cottages.
Gosong Pandan 5°42′40″S 106°33′57″E / 5.711111°S 106.565833°E / -5.711111; 106.565833
Karang Balik
Karang Bongkok 5°41′05″S 106°33′44″E / 5.684722°S 106.562222°E / -5.684722; 106.562222 This small elongated island is allocated for reforestation. It is the largest island of its reef system.
Karang Congkak 5°42′31″S 106°34′34″E / 5.708611°S 106.576111°E / -5.708611; 106.576111 This small elongated island is allocated for reforestation. It is the largest island of its reef system.
Karang Lebar
Karya 5°44′07″S 106°36′03″E / 5.735246°S 106.600863°E / -5.735246; 106.600863 The island is located about 500 meter north of Panggang Island in its own reef. The island contains two administrative offices of the Regency of Kepulauan Seribu, one of them is the police headquarter of the Kepulauan Seribu. The shallow water of the Pulau Karya's reef is used as milkfish aquaculture. [21]
Kotok Besar 5°42′02″S 106°32′20″E / 5.700556°S 106.538889°E / -5.700556; 106.538889 Developed as a resort.[3][13]
Kotok Kecil 5°42′00″S 106°42′00″E / 5.700000°S 106.700000°E / -5.700000; 106.700000
Opak Kecil 5°40′43″S 106°35′16″E / 5.678611°S 106.587778°E / -5.678611; 106.587778
Panggang 5°44′19″S 106°36′04″E / 5.738720°S 106.601189°E / -5.738720; 106.601189 the capital of Kelurahan Pulau Panggang. The island is densely populated with fishing villages. A building from the colonial period is used as the administrative center of the Kelurahan. The island contains the only senior high school (SMA) in the Regency.[21]
Peniki / Paniki 5°41′40″S 106°42′44″E / 5.694444°S 106.712222°E / -5.694444; 106.712222 the island is relatively isolated from the other islands of the Pulau Panggang Administrative Village.
Pramuka / Lang 5°44′45″S 106°36′51″E / 5.745886°S 106.614065°E / -5.745886; 106.614065 the capital of the Regency of Kepulauan Seribu
Sekat / Sekati 5°45′35″S 106°36′28″E / 5.759811°S 106.607763°E / -5.759811; 106.607763 The island is allocated for reforestation.
Semak Daun 5°43′48″S 106°34′16″E / 5.729956°S 106.571049°E / -5.729956; 106.571049 A conservation island which contains an aquaculture.[21]

Kelurahan Pulau Kelapa

Kelurahan Pulau Kelapa (postal code 14540) makes up the western part of the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara. Officially, the Kelurahan of Pulau Kelapa contains 36 islands.

Island Location Remarks Image
Bundar / Bunder 5°30′46″S 106°31′32″E / 5.512673°S 106.525677°E / -5.512673; 106.525677 Privately owned. [3] The island belongs to the same reef system as the islands of Sebaru Kecil, Kapas, and Lipan.
Cina 5°34′12″S 106°33′01″E / 5.570123°S 106.550162°E / -5.570123; 106.550162
Dua Barat 5°25′15″S 106°28′16″E / 5.420917°S 106.471047°E / -5.420917; 106.471047 One of the northernmost island in Kepulauan Seribu.
Gentang Besar 5°37′02″S 106°33′10″E / 5.617113°S 106.552662°E / -5.617113; 106.552662 Privately owned. [3]
Genteng Kecil 5°37′27″S 106°32′43″E / 5.624166°S 106.545150°E / -5.624166; 106.545150 Privately owned. [3]
Hantu Barat / Antuk Barat 5°32′21″S 106°32′08″E / 5.539099°S 106.535418°E / -5.539099; 106.535418 Pantara developed the island privately as a resort.[3][13]
Hantu Timur / Antuk Timur 5°31′56″S 106°32′36″E / 5.532148°S 106.543467°E / -5.532148; 106.543467 Pantara developed the island privately as a resort.[3][13]
Jukung 5°34′11″S 106°31′41″E / 5.569755°S 106.527929°E / -5.569755; 106.527929 Developed for aquaculture.
Kaliageh Besar / Kaliage Besar 5°39′47″S 106°34′04″E / 5.662969°S 106.567728°E / -5.662969; 106.567728 Privately owned. [3]
Kaliageh Kecil / Kaliage Kecil 5°40′04″S 106°34′05″E / 5.667768°S 106.568003°E / -5.667768; 106.568003 Privately owned. [3]
Kapas 5°30′47″S 106°31′11″E / 5.51319°S 106.51966°E / -5.51319; 106.51966 The island belongs to the same reef system as the islands of Sebaru Kecil, Bundar, and Lipan.
Kayu Angin Bira 5°36′24″S 106°34′02″E / 5.606667°S 106.567222°E / -5.606667; 106.567222
Kayu Angin Penjalir
Kayu Angin
Kayu Angin. BS
Kayu Angin Genteng 5°37′10″S 106°33′41″E / 5.619444°S 106.561389°E / -5.619444; 106.561389
Kayu Angin. M
Kayu Angin Melintang 5°35′01″S 106°33′07″E / 5.583611°S 106.551944°E / -5.583611; 106.551944
Kayu Angin Putri 5°35′24″S 106°33′29″E / 5.590000°S 106.558056°E / -5.590000; 106.558056
Kayu Angin Selatan 5°37′12″S 106°33′41″E / 5.619866°S 106.561395°E / -5.619866; 106.561395
Kelapa 5°39′13″S 106°34′22″E / 5.653585°S 106.572880°E / -5.653585; 106.572880 Capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Kelapa. The island contains a fishing village. It is the most populous island in the Kepulauan Seribu. The island is located to the east of Pulau Harapan (the capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Harapan) and is connected by a 200 meter paved connection referred as the jembatan ("bridge"). It belongs to the same reef system as Pulau Harapan.[22]
Kelor Barat 5°33′29″S 106°31′31″E / 5.558104°S 106.525410°E / -5.558104; 106.525410
Kelor Timur 5°33′16″S 106°31′54″E / 5.554476°S 106.531612°E / -5.554476; 106.531612
Kuburan Cina 5°37′07″S 106°34′23″E / 5.618534°S 106.572936°E / -5.618534; 106.572936
Lipan 5°31′18″S 106°31′31″E / 5.521667°S 106.525278°E / -5.521667; 106.525278 Privately owned. [3] The island belongs to the same reef system as the island of Sebaru Kecil, Bundar, and Kapas.
Macan Besar/Matahari 5°36′19″S 106°32′38″E / 5.605176°S 106.543822°E / -5.605176; 106.543822 Matahari Impian Indah has privately developed the island as a resort.[3]
Macan Kecil 5°35′56″S 106°32′50″E / 5.598869°S 106.547121°E / -5.598869; 106.547121 "Little Tiger" Island was developed into Tiger Islands Village & Eco Resort in 2008, and is the region's first commercially operated eco resort. It features solar panels, rain water harvesting, driftwood furniture and construction, waste water gardens, an organic garden, and a coral planting conservation program. The island is mainly known as Pulau Macan or Tiger Islands.
Melinjo/Malinjo 5°34′22″S 106°31′20″E / 5.572708°S 106.522328°E / -5.572708; 106.522328 Privately owned. [3]
Melintang Besar 5°34′59″S 106°32′58″E / 5.583107°S 106.549413°E / -5.583107; 106.549413 Privately owned. [3]
Melintang Kecil/Bintang 5°35′18″S 106°32′45″E / 5.588283°S 106.545849°E / -5.588283; 106.545849
Nyamplung 5°30′20″S 106°32′10″E / 5.505552°S 106.536160°E / -5.505552; 106.536160
Pabelokan / Pembelokan 5°28′46″S 106°23′07″E / 5.479466°S 106.385344°E / -5.479466; 106.385344 Pabelokan or Pembelokan ("curve") Island is named after its remote location, around 70 km from the North Jakarta shore, which forces visitors to take a series of hairpin turns to reach the island. The island is the westernmost island in Kepulauan Seribu. It is a 11 square-meter island with a shop, dorms, hotel, a water-treatment plant, an electric-power plant, and a jetty for large vessels. Since 1984 the oil firm YPF-Maxushas has used the island as a base.[23]
Panjang Bawah Privately owned. [3]
Panjang Besar 5°38′41″S 106°33′38″E / 5.644668°S 106.560643°E / -5.644668; 106.560643 This is the only island in Kepulauan Seribu that contains a landing strip.
Panjang Kampung
Panjang Kecil 5°38′33″S 106°33′14″E / 5.642371°S 106.554007°E / -5.642371; 106.554007
Perak 5°34′59″S 106°34′07″E / 5.583109°S 106.568549°E / -5.583109; 106.568549
Putri Barat 5°35′39″S 106°33′32″E / 5.594287°S 106.558970°E / -5.594287; 106.558970 Buana Bintang Samudera has developed the island as a resort. The resort contains an underwater glass tunnel to observe the marine life. [3][13]
Putri Gundul 5°35′56″S 106°33′05″E / 5.599010°S 106.551386°E / -5.599010; 106.551386
Putri Timur 5°35′34″S 106°34′00″E / 5.592830°S 106.566653°E / -5.592830; 106.566653 Developed as a resort.[3][13]
Rakit Tiang 5°38′58″S 106°33′57″E / 5.649458°S 106.565788°E / -5.649458; 106.565788
Satu, Saktu 5°33′20″S 106°32′41″E / 5.555676°S 106.544836°E / -5.555676; 106.544836 Privately owned. [3]
Sebaru Kecil 5°30′44″S 106°32′07″E / 5.512222°S 106.535278°E / -5.512222; 106.535278[17] This island is the largest island in a reef system which also contains the island of Bundar, Kapas, and Lipan.
Tongkeng 5°35′33″S 106°32′36″E / 5.592394°S 106.543424°E / -5.592394; 106.543424 Privately owned. [3]
Yu Barat / Yu Besar 5°32′50″S 106°31′04″E / 5.547336°S 106.517695°E / -5.547336; 106.517695
Yu Timur / Yu Kecil 5°33′02″S 106°31′36″E / 5.550625°S 106.526618°E / -5.550625; 106.526618

Kelurahan Pulau Harapan

Kelurahan Pulau Harapan (postal code 14540) makes up the eastern part of the Kecamatan of Kepulauan Seribu Utara. Officially, the Kelurahan contains 30 islands.

Island Location Remarks Image
Belanda 5°36′23″S 106°36′19″E / 5.606426°S 106.605349°E / -5.606426; 106.605349
Bulat 5°37′48″S 106°34′26″E / 5.629892°S 106.573758°E / -5.629892; 106.573758 Privately owned. [3]
Buton 5°28′22″S 106°32′28″E / 5.472754°S 106.541029°E / -5.472754; 106.541029 A marine reserve. This small island is located to the south of Penjaliran Barat island and belongs to the same reef system.
Bira Besar 5°36′43″S 106°34′35″E / 5.611809°S 106.576404°E / -5.611809; 106.576404 The island is privately developed by Pulau Seribu Paradise as a resort island[3][13]
Bira Kecil 5°37′09″S 106°35′03″E / 5.619093°S 106.584241°E / -5.619093; 106.584241
Dua Timur 5°25′12″S 106°29′31″E / 5.420000°S 106.491944°E / -5.420000; 106.491944 One of the northernmost island in Kepulauan Seribu.
Gosong Laga Besar 5°32′20″S 106°34′44″E / 5.538916°S 106.578862°E / -5.538916; 106.578862
Gosong Laga Kecil 5°31′44″S 106°34′32″E / 5.528990°S 106.575501°E / -5.528990; 106.575501
Harapan 5°39′11″S 106°34′41″E / 5.653107°S 106.578194°E / -5.653107; 106.578194 The capital of the Kelurahan of Pulau Harapan. The island is located to the west of Pulau Kelapa, connected by a 200 meter paved connection referred as the jembatan ("bridge").[24] It belongs to the same reef system as Pulau Kelapa. Pulau Harapan contains a settlement populated by people from Pulau Kelapa and Tangerang. The island was formerly known as Pulau Pelemparan ("throwing", "ejection") because it was the place where the Bugis and people that were considered exiles were placed. Later the name was changed into Harapan ("hope") to symbolize the new era.[24]
Jagung 5°28′49″S 106°31′05″E / 5.480406°S 106.518113°E / -5.480406; 106.518113
Kayuangin Utara 5°36′24″S 106°33′58″E / 5.606735°S 106.566063°E / -5.606735; 106.566063 Privately owned. [3]
Opak Besar 5°40′17″S 106°34′56″E / 5.671386°S 106.582188°E / -5.671386; 106.582188 Privately owned. [3]
Pamegaran 5°38′13″S 106°34′53″E / 5.636976°S 106.581494°E / -5.636976; 106.581494 Privately owned. [3]
Penjaliran Barat 5°28′08″S 106°32′59″E / 5.468791°S 106.549795°E / -5.468791; 106.549795 A marine reserve. The island contains a protected mangrove forest area. The island is the largest island in a reef system which also contains the much smaller Buton Island. [13]
Penjaliran Timur 5°28′00″S 106°33′00″E / 5.466667°S 106.550000°E / -5.466667; 106.550000 A marine reserve. Contains a protected mangrove forest area.[13]
Peteloran Barat 5°28′09″S 106°32′28″E / 5.469281°S 106.541003°E / -5.469281; 106.541003 A marine reserve. The island contains protected mangrove forests.[13]
Peteloran Timur / Peteloran 5°27′28″S 106°33′39″E / 5.457772°S 106.560696°E / -5.457772; 106.560696 A marine reserve.
Rengit/Ringit 5°29′53″S 106°34′25″E / 5.498109°S 106.573580°E / -5.498109; 106.573580
Sabira 5°12′04″S 106°27′36″E / 5.201111°S 106.460000°E / -5.201111; 106.460000 Formerly known as Noord Wachter or "North Guard", this is the northernmost island of the Kepulauan Seribu. It is situated around 126 km from the coast of Jakarta. This 10 hectare island is surrounded by coral reefs. The island is covered in coconut and breadfruit trees. There is a 60 meter lighthouse in the island, built in 1869. On the door of the lighthouse, a plaque is placed with inscription: "Onder de regering van Z.M Willem III Koning der Nederlander enz. opgericht voor draailicht 1869" (Dutch "Under the reign of His Majesty King William III of Netherlands etc., rotating light erected 1869"
Sebaru Besar 5°30′04″S 106°32′54″E / 5.501098°S 106.548243°E / -5.501098; 106.548243
Semut Besar 5°34′20″S 106°33′26″E / 5.572239°S 106.557254°E / -5.572239; 106.557254 Privately owned. [3]
Semut Kecil 5°34′02″S 106°33′57″E / 5.567209°S 106.565721°E / -5.567209; 106.565721 Privately owned. [3]
Semut Sekampung
Semut 5°40′10″S 106°33′36″E / 5.669535°S 106.559949°E / -5.669535; 106.559949
Sepak Barat / Sepa Besar 5°34′41″S 106°34′57″E / 5.578096°S 106.582518°E / -5.578096; 106.582518 Sepa Permai has developed the island as a resort.[3]
Sepak Timur / Sepa Timur 5°34′20″S 106°35′12″E / 5.572259°S 106.586764°E / -5.572259; 106.586764
Tondan Barat / Tondan Besar / Pelangi 5°35′10″S 106°35′26″E / 5.586041°S 106.590585°E / -5.586041; 106.590585 Pulau Seribu Paradise has developed the island as a resort.[3]
Tondan Timur / Tondan Kecil / Papatheo 5°34′46″S 106°35′41″E / 5.579499°S 106.594805°E / -5.579499; 106.594805

References

  1. ^ SK Gubernur KDKI No. 1986/2000
  2. ^ (SK Gubernur KDKI No. 1814/198
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj PARIWISATA KEPULAUAN SERIBU: Potensi Pengembangan dan Permasalahannya
  4. ^ a b c d e http://bentengindonesia.org/sejarah.php?id=194
  5. ^ Photo
  6. ^ Tineke Hellwig, Eric Tagliacozzo, ed. (2009). The Indonesia Reader. Duke University Press. p. 322. ISBN 978-0822344247.
  7. ^ Antoine Hol, John Vervaele, ed. (2005). Security and Civil Liberties: The Case of Terrorism. Intersentia. p. 81. ISBN 978-9050955089.
  8. ^ http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/28/sri-andajani-thousand-islands-conservation-or-submersion.html
  9. ^ a b c d e f Kepulauan Seribu National Park - Departemen Kehutanan
  10. ^ Tomascik, Tomas; Janice Mah, Anmarie; Nontji, Anugerah; Kasim Moosa, Mohammad (1997). The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas - Part Two. Singapore: Eric Oey. ISBN 962-593-163-5. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  11. ^ http://kodepos.posindonesia.co.id Kode Pos Indonesia
  12. ^ a b c d UNESCO (2000). Reducing megacity impacts on the coastal environment – Alternative livelihoods and waste management in Jakarta and the Seribu Islands. Vol. Coastal Region and Small Island Papers 6. Paris: UNESCO. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Arifin, Zainal (2004). LOCAL MILLENIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT: CONDITION AND TREND OF THE GREATER JAKARTA BAY ECOSYSTEM (PDF). Jakarta: The Ministry of Environment, Republic of Indonesia. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  14. ^ Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Bokor
  15. ^ a b c d e "Kepulauan Seribu". Dinas Pariwisata dan Budaya. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  16. ^ Iyus/hadi (28 March, 2007). "Obyek Wisata : Mengenal Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut" (in Indonesian). Pulau Seribu.net. Retrieved February 10, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ a b c d http://indopedia.gunadarma.ac.id/content/77/318/id/pulau-sebaru-kecil.html Coordinates of Indonesian islands
  18. ^ http://sidesaidblog.wordpress.com/2012/03/03/menengok-mercusuar-di-pulau-payung-besar/ Menengok Mercusuar di Pulau Payung Besar
  19. ^ http://morincirebon.blogspot.com/2010/07/pulau-payung-kecil-kepulauan-seribu.html Pulau Payung Kecil - Kepulauan Seribu
  20. ^ [1]
  21. ^ a b c d pulauseribu.net (May 16, 2010). "Pulau Panggang Saksi Bisu Sejarah Pemerintahan" (in Indonesian). Retrieved April 9, 2012.
  22. ^ Keadaan Umum Wilayah Kepulauan Seribu (PDF). Retrieved February 16, 2002. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  23. ^ Jun (09/01/1999). "Oil Firm Based on Pabelokan Island". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved February 9, 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ a b http://portal.paseban.com/article/329/sulitnya-menemukan-penjual-pulsa-di-pulau-harapan Pulau Harapan - Sulitnya Menemukan Penjual Pulsa di Pulau Harapan.

Note

  1. ^ It was the pilgrim flow to Mecca that caused the Netherlands Trading Society to establish a bank branch in Jeddah in 1926. Until 1948 this was the only bank of any kind in what is now Saudi Arabia. This bank branch became what is now Saudi Hollandi Bank.

Template:Administrative divisions of the Thousand Islands

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thousand Islands (Indonesia).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thousand_Islands_(Indonesia)&oldid=490950129"