Sonargaon: Difference between revisions
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By the 14th century Sonargaon became a commercial port. Trade activities were mentioned by travelers like [[Ibn Batuta]], [[Ma Huan]] and [[Ralph Fitch]].<ref name=bsonargaon/> Maritime ships travelled between Sonargaon and southeast/west Asian countries.<ref name=bsonargaon/> [[Muslin]] was produced in this region. |
By the 14th century Sonargaon became a commercial port. Trade activities were mentioned by travelers like [[Ibn Batuta]], [[Ma Huan]] and [[Ralph Fitch]].<ref name=bsonargaon/> Maritime ships travelled between Sonargaon and southeast/west Asian countries.<ref name=bsonargaon/> [[Muslin]] was produced in this region. |
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==Remains== |
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==Places of interest== |
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[[Image:The old capital Sonargaon.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Panam City]] |
[[Image:The old capital Sonargaon.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Panam City]] |
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[[Image:House at Sonargaon.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kashinath Bhaban in Panam City (built in 1899 AD)]] |
[[Image:House at Sonargaon.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kashinath Bhaban in Panam City (built in 1899 AD)]] |
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[[File:Panam City, Jubair.JPG|right|thumb|250px| Panam City, Photo: Jubair Bin Iqbal]] |
[[File:Panam City, Jubair.JPG|right|thumb|250px| Panam City, Photo: Jubair Bin Iqbal]] |
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* '''Panam City''' was established in the late 19th century as a trading center of cotton fabrics during British rule. [[Hindu]] cloth merchants built their residential houses following colonial style with inspiration derived from European sources.<ref name=bsonargaon/> After the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] and the [[Muslim]]-[[Hindu]] riot, Panam City has reduced into a vacant community. Today this area is protected under the department of archaeology of Bangladesh. Panam city area was linked with the main city area by three brick bridges - ''Panam Bridge'', ''Dalalpur Bridge'' and ''PanamNagar Bridge'' - during [[Mughal]] period. The bridges are still in use. |
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* Sonargaon's ''Lok Shilpa Jadughar'' (Folk Art and Craft Museum). |
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* '''Panam City''' was the center of the upper-middleclass people of 19th century Sonargaon. Mainly [[Hindu]] cloth merchants lived here. When Mughal's conquered Sonargaon in 1611, Panam City was linked with the main city area by three major bridges. These bridges are still being used. After the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] and the [[Muslim]]-[[Hindu]] riot, Panam City has reduced into a vacant community. It is now in ruins. |
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* '''Lok Shilpa Jadughar''' (Folk Art and Craft Museum) of Sonargaon was established by [[Bangladesh]]i painter [[Joynul Abedin]] in 1977. The house, originally called ''Bara Sardar Bari'', was built in 1901. |
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* '''Sonakanda Fort''' is a Mughal river-fort located on the bank of the [[Shitalakshya River]] at Bandar.<ref>Ayesha Begum, [http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/S_0492.HTM Sonakanda Fort], [[Banglapedia]]: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, [[Asiatic Society]] of Bangladesh, [[Dhaka]], ''Retrieved: 2012-01-21''</ref> |
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* '''Khasnagar Dighi''', a lake in Khasnagar village. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 12:41, 22 January 2012
_in_Sonargaon,_Bangladesh.jpg)
Sonargaon (Bangla: সোনারগাঁও; the name has also been transcribed as Sunārgāon[1]) was the administrative center of medieval Muslim rulers in East Bengal. It became as the capital of Bengal during Isa Khan's ruling. The area falls under present-day Narayanganj District, Bangladesh. Today the name Sonargaon survives as Sonargaon Upazila in that district.[2]
Due to the many threats to preservation (including flooding and vandalism), Sonargaon is placed in 2008 Watch List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites by World Monuments Fund.
History
Pre-Muslim period
The name Sonargaon came as the Muslim version of the ancient name Suvarnagrama.[3] Hindu ruler Danujamadhava Dasharathadeva shifted his capital to Suvarnagrama from Bikrampur sometime in the middle of the 13th century.[3] In early 14th century, Hindu ruling in this area ended when Shamsuddin Firoz Shah (reigned 1301–1322) of Lakhnauti occupied and annexed it to his kingdom.[4]
Muslim period
Sharfuddin Abu Tawwamah, a medieval Sufi saint and Islamic philosopher came and settled in Sonargaon sometime between 1282 and 1287.[5] He then established his Khanqah and founded a Madrasa.
Firoz Shah built a mint in Sonargaon from where a large number of coins were issued.[4] When he died in 1322, his son, Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah, replaced him as the ruler. In 1324 Delhi Sultan, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, declared war against him and after the battle, Bahadur Shah was captured and Bengal, including Sonargaon, became a province of Delhi Sultanate.[6] The same year, Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq, son and successor of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, released him and appointed him as the governor of Sonargaon province.[7]
After 4 years of governorship, in 1328, Bahadur Shah declared independence of Bengal. Delhi Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq sent his general, Bahram Khan, to depose him. In the battle, Bahadur Shah was defeated and killed. Bahram Khan recaptured Sonargaon for the Delhi Sultanate and he was also appointed the governor of Sonargaon.[2]
When Bahram Khan died in 1338, his armor-bearer, Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, declared himself the independent Sultan of Sonargaon. Fakhruddin sponsored several construction projects, including a trunk road and raised embankments, along with mosques and tombs.[8] 14th century Moroccan traveller, Ibn Batuta, after visiting the capital in 1346, described Fakhruddin as "a distinguished sovereign who loved strangers, particularly the fakirs and sufis".[8] After the death of Fakhruddin in 1349, Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah became the next independent ruler of Sonargaon.[9]
Ilyas Shah, the independent ruler of Lakhnauti, attacked Sonargaon in 1352. After defeating Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah, he became the sole ruler of whole Bengal for the first time in history and thus he became the founder of a sultanate of the unified Bengal.[10]
It is thought[by whom?] that when a squadron of the Chinese fleet of Zheng He, commanded by the eunuch Hong Bao, visited Bengal in 1432, they visited Sonargaon as well. The information about that expedition comes from the book of one of its participants, the translator Ma Huan.[1]
Sonargaon is the eastern terminus of the Grand Trunk Road, which was built by Sher Shah Suri, extended approximately 2500 kilometres from Bangladesh across northern India to Peshawar in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province.
After the defeat of Musa Khan in 10 July 1610[11] by Islam Khan, the army general of Mughals, Sonargaon became one of the sarkars of Bengal subah. The capital of Bengal is then shifted to Jahangirnagar (later named Dhaka).
Modern period
Since the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, Sonargaon region fell under Sonargaon Upazila in Narayanganj district of Dhaka division.
Trade
By the 14th century Sonargaon became a commercial port. Trade activities were mentioned by travelers like Ibn Batuta, Ma Huan and Ralph Fitch.[3] Maritime ships travelled between Sonargaon and southeast/west Asian countries.[3] Muslin was produced in this region.
Remains
- Panam City was established in the late 19th century as a trading center of cotton fabrics during British rule. Hindu cloth merchants built their residential houses following colonial style with inspiration derived from European sources.[3] After the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and the Muslim-Hindu riot, Panam City has reduced into a vacant community. Today this area is protected under the department of archaeology of Bangladesh. Panam city area was linked with the main city area by three brick bridges - Panam Bridge, Dalalpur Bridge and PanamNagar Bridge - during Mughal period. The bridges are still in use.
- Lok Shilpa Jadughar (Folk Art and Craft Museum) of Sonargaon was established by Bangladeshi painter Joynul Abedin in 1977. The house, originally called Bara Sardar Bari, was built in 1901.
- Sonakanda Fort is a Mughal river-fort located on the bank of the Shitalakshya River at Bandar.[12]
- Khasnagar Dighi, a lake in Khasnagar village.
See also
References
- ^ a b Barbosa, Duarte; Dames, Mansel Longworth (1996) [1918-1921], An Account Of The Countries Bordering On The Indian Ocean And Their Inhabitants; Written By Duarte Barbosa And Completed About The Year 1518 A.D. Vol 1: Including The Coasts Of East Africa, Arabia, Persia And Western India As Far As The Kingdom Of Vijayanagar. Vol. Ii: Including The Coasts Of Malabar, Eastern India, Further India, China And The Indian Archipelago., Asian Educational Services, pp. 138–139, ISBN 8120604512
- ^ a b Muazzam Hussain Khan, Tatar Khan, Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Retrieved: 2012-01-18
- ^ a b c d e Muazzam Hussain Khan, Sonargaon, Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Retrieved: 2012-01-21
- ^ a b ABM Shamsuddin Ahmed, [http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/S_0287.HTM Shamsuddin Firoz Shah], Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Retrieved: 2012-01-21
- ^ Muazzam Hussain Khan, Sharfuddin Abu Tawwamah, Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Retrieved: 2012-01-18
- ^ Kingdom of South Asia
- ^ Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah in Banglapedia
- ^ a b Muazzam Hussain Khan, Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Retrieved: 2011-04-23
- ^ Muazzam Hussain Khan, Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah, Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Retrieved: 2012-01-21
- ^ ABM Shamsuddin Ahmed, Iliyas Shah, Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Retrieved: 2012-01-21
- ^ Feroz, M A Hannan (2009). 400 years of Dhaka. Ittyadi. p. 12. ISBN 984-70289-0065-0.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid prefix (help) - ^ Ayesha Begum, Sonakanda Fort, Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Retrieved: 2012-01-21
Further reading
- Kazi Azizul Islam and Tania Sharmeen (July 5, 2005). "Panam Among World's 100 Endangered Historic Sites". News from Bangladesh.
- Roy, Pinaki (July 9, 2004). "Panam Nagar's Fate in Limbo". The Daily Star.
- Ali, Tawfique (April 26, 2007). "Unscientific Restoration Defacing Heritage". The Daily Star, Vol 5 num 1031.
External links
- The World Monuments Fund's 2008 Watch List page for Sonargaon
- Sonargaon in Banglapedia
- Sonargaon in Everyneededinfo
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