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[[File:Israel-Palestine Diplomacy.svg|thumb|300px|World map showing status of Israel's international relations]]
[[File:Israel-Palestine Diplomacy.svg|thumb|300px|World map showing status of Israel's international relations]]


'''International recognition of Israel''' was achieved following a [[majority vote]] by the [[United Nations]] in favor of the establishment of a [[Jewish state]]. Israel [[Israeli Declaration of Independence| declared its independence] at midnight on May 14, 1948. That same day, the United States recognized the provisional Jewish government as de facto authority of the new Jewish state. De jure recognition was extended on January 31, 1949.<ref>[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/israel/large/index.php The Recognition of the State of Israel]</ref>
Following the [[Israeli Declaration of Independence]], signed on May 14, 1948, the international reaction was mixed. The United States and many of the western countries soon recognized the new State of Israel, whereas some Middle Eastern countries (especially in the [[Arab world]]) do not recognize it.


From 1948 to the late 1960s, Israel managed to establish diplomatic relations with almost all nations of Western Europe, North and South America, as well as much of Africa. However, the [[Six-Day War]] and the [[Arab-Israeli War of 1973]] led many African and Asian nations to break ties with Israel owing to considerable pressure and the threat of an oil embargo being placed by oil-rich Arab countries. Israel's recognition of and entering negotiations with the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) led to many African, Asian and even Arab nations restoring diplomatic relations. However, hostile reactions to the [[2008 Gaza blockade]] and the [[2006 Israeli-Lebanese War]] led to another incidence of multiple states breaking relations with Israel.
From 1948 to the late 1960s, Israel managed to establish diplomatic relations with almost all nations of Western Europe, North and South America, as well as much of Africa. However, the [[Six-Day War]] and the [[Arab-Israeli War of 1973]] led many African and Asian nations to break ties with Israel owing to considerable pressure and the threat of an oil embargo being placed by oil-rich Arab countries. Israel's recognition of and entering negotiations with the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) led to many African, Asian and even Arab nations restoring diplomatic relations. However, hostile reactions to the [[2008 Gaza blockade]] and the [[2006 Israeli-Lebanese War]] led to another incidence of multiple states breaking relations with Israel.

Revision as of 16:08, 24 November 2011

World map showing status of Israel's international relations

International recognition of Israel was achieved following a majority vote by the United Nations in favor of the establishment of a Jewish state. Israel [[Israeli Declaration of Independence| declared its independence] at midnight on May 14, 1948. That same day, the United States recognized the provisional Jewish government as de facto authority of the new Jewish state. De jure recognition was extended on January 31, 1949.[1]

From 1948 to the late 1960s, Israel managed to establish diplomatic relations with almost all nations of Western Europe, North and South America, as well as much of Africa. However, the Six-Day War and the Arab-Israeli War of 1973 led many African and Asian nations to break ties with Israel owing to considerable pressure and the threat of an oil embargo being placed by oil-rich Arab countries. Israel's recognition of and entering negotiations with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) led to many African, Asian and even Arab nations restoring diplomatic relations. However, hostile reactions to the 2008 Gaza blockade and the 2006 Israeli-Lebanese War led to another incidence of multiple states breaking relations with Israel.

List by country

= States that do not formally recognise Israel.
= States that have severed or suspended relations.

UN member states

A total of 33 United Nations member states do not recognise the State of Israel.[2]

State Date of de facto recognition Date of de jure recognition Notes
—  Afghanistan[3] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
1  Albania — 16 April 1949[5] Established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1991.[6]
—  Algeria[7][8] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4][9]
2  Andorra 13 April 1994 13 April 1994[10]
3  Angola — 16 April 1992[11] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
4  Antigua and Barbuda — 22 June 1983[12] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
5  Argentina — 14 February 1949[13]
6  Armenia — 4 April 1992[14] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
7  Australia 29 January 1949 29 January 1949[15]
8  Austria 15 March 1949[16] 8 May 1956 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Prior to that, the two countries had maintained consular relations since 1950. Delegations were upgraded to embassy status in 1959.[17]
9  Azerbaijan — 7 April 1992[18] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
10  Bahamas — 24 September 1974[19] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
—  Bahrain[20] — — Israel maintained a representative mission in Manama from 1996 until it was closed in 2000.[21] In October 2009, parliament ruled that any form of relations with Israel or its people (government, business or private) was illegal, and banned the government from establishing diplomatic relations.[22]
—  Bangladesh[23][24] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
11  Barbados — 29 August 1967[25] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
12  Belarus 11 May 1949[26] 26 May 1992[27] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
13  Belgium — 15 January 1950[28]
14  Belize — 6 September 1984[29] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
15  Benin — 5 December 1961[30] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Relations were severed in October 1973, and resumed in July 1992.[31][32]
—  Bhutan[2] — [when?] Has diplomatic relations with only 25 countries, and has not established formal diplomatic relations with Israel.[33]
16  Bolivia 22 February 1949[34] 24 February 1949[35] Bolivia cut ties with Israel in January 2009.[36]
17  Bosnia and Herzegovina — 26 September 1997[37] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
18  Botswana [when?] [when?] Broke off relations on November 1973, restored in December 1993.
19  Brazil — 7 February 1949[38]
—  Brunei[2] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[39]
20  Bulgaria 4 December 1948 4 December 1948 Severed relations with Israel on 10 June 1967, restored them on 3 May 1990.[40]
21  Burkina Faso — 5 July 1961[30] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Relations were severed in October 1973, and re-established in October 1993.[31][32][41]
22  Burundi [when?] [when?] Relations were severed in May 1973,[32] and were restored in March 1995.
23  Cambodia — 30 August 1960 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Cambodia broke off relations in 1975; they were restored on 5 October 1993.[42][43]
24  Cameroon — 15 September 1960[44] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Relations were severed in October 1973 and were later restored in August 1986.[32][45]
25  Canada 11 May 1949[26] 11 May 1949[46]
26  Cape Verde — 17 July 1994[47] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
27  Central African Republic [when?] [when?] Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in January 1991.
—  Chad 10 January 1961 — Relations were estblished in 1961, but were severed on 28 November 1972.[32][48] Chad currently does not recognise Israel.[49] In 2005, reports emerged of a mutual intention to renew diplomatic relations.[50]
28  Chile — 5 February 1949[34]
29  People's Republic of China — 24 January 1992 The Republic of China granted de jure recognition to Israel on 1 March 1949.[34] The two states maintained full diplomatic relations until Israel's recognition of the People's Republic of China on 8 January 1950. The PRC, however, did not formally reciprocate until the eventual establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992.[51]
30  Colombia — 1 February 1949[34]
—  Comoros[2] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
31  Republic of the Congo — 9 November 1960 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Broke relations with Israel on 31 December 1972, resumed in August 1991.
32  Democratic Republic of the Congo — 26 June 1960 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Ties were severed on 4 October 1973, and restored on 13 May 1982.[32][52]
33  Costa Rica — 19 June 1948[53]
34  Ivory Coast 15 February 1961 24 May 1961[30] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Prior to this date, it had maintained trade relations since 15 February 1961. Relations were severed in November 1973, and did not resume until February 1986.[31][32]
35  Croatia — 4 September 1997[54] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
—  Cuba 14 January 1949 18 April 1949[55] Cuba broke relations with Israel in September 1973, and the current government does not recognise it.[2] It does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
36  Cyprus — 21 January 1961 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. They had been agreed to on 17 August 1960, but final establishment was postponed due to pressure from Arab nations.[56]
37  Czech Republic — 18 May 1948[57] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990. Diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic were established 1 January 1993.[58]
38  Denmark 2 February 1949[34] 12 July 1950[59]
—  Djibouti[2] Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
39  Dominica — January 1978[58] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
40  Dominican Republic — 29 December 1948[60]
41  Ecuador — 2 February 1949[34]
42  Egypt — 26 March 1979[61] Signatory to the Khartoum Declaration.[8] Later became the first Arab state to recognise Israel, with the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty.
43  El Salvador — 11 September 1948[62]
44  Equatorial Guinea [when?] [when?] Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in January 1994.[63]
45  Eritrea — 6 May 1993[43][64] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
46  Estonia — 9 January 1992[65] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
47  Ethiopia — 24 October 1961[66] Prior to granting de jure recognition, Ethiopia had maintained consular relations with Israel since 1956. Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in November 1989.
48  Fiji[58] August 1970
49  Finland[67] 11 June 1948[68] 18 March 1949
50  France 24 January 1949 24 January 1949[69]
51  Gabon[42] 29 September 1993 Relations were severed in October 1973,[32] were resumed in September 1993.
52  Gambia Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in September 1992.
53  Georgia[70] 1 June 1992
54  Germany[71] 12 May 1965
55  Ghana Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in August 1994.
56  Greece[66] 15 March 1949 21 May 1990[72]
57  Grenada[58] January 1975
58  Guatemala 19 May 1948 19 May 1948[57]
—  Guinea[2] Broke relations with Israel on 12 June 1967.[32]
59  Guinea-Bissau[58] March 1994
60  Guyana Broke off relations in March 1974, restored in March 1992.
61  Haiti 26 February 1949[34]
62  Honduras[60][73] 8 November 1948 11 September 1948
63  Hungary[74] 24 May 1948 1 June 1948[68]
64  Iceland 11 February 1949[34]
65  India — 17 September 1950[75]
—  Indonesia[24] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
—  Iran[76] 14 March 1950[77] — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
—  Iraq[78] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
66  Ireland[79] 12 February 1949 May 1963[79]
67  Italy[34] 8 February 1949
68  Jamaica[58] January 1962
69  Japan[80] 15 May 1952
70  Jordan 26 October 1994 Signatory to the Khartoum Declaration.[8] Later became the second Arab state to recognise Israel in the Israel–Jordan peace treaty.
71  Kazakhstan[81] 10 April 1992
72  Kenya[82] December 1963 Severed relation in November 1973,[32] were resumed in December 1988.
73  Kiribati[83] 21 May 1984
—  North Korea[84] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
74  Republic of Korea[85] 10 April 1962
—  Kuwait[8] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
75  Kyrgyzstan[58] March 1992
76  Laos — February 1957 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Laos broke off relations in 1973; they were restored on 6 December 1993.[86]
77  Latvia[87] 6 January 1992
—  Lebanon[8] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
78  Lesotho
79  Liberia 11 February 1949[74] Relations were severed in November 1973, and resumed in August 1983.[31][32]
—  Libya[8] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
80  Liechtenstein[58] January 1992
81  Lithuania[88] 8 January 1992
82  Luxembourg 11 May 1949[26] 16 January 1950[89]
83  North Macedonia[90] 7 December 1992
84  Madagascar Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in January 1994.
85  Malawi[58] July 1964
—  Malaysia[24] — — Does not admit Israeli passport holders without written permission from the government.[4]
—  Maldives[2] Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
—  Mali[2] Relations were severed on 5 January 1973.[32]
86  Malta Error in Template:Date table sorting: months must be an integer between 1 and 12[58]
87  Marshall Islands[91] 16 September 1987
88  Mauritania 28 October 1999[92]
89  Mauritius[42] 29 September 1993 Severed relation in July 1976, restored in September 1993.
90  Mexico 11 May 1949[26] 4 April 1952[93]
91  Federated States of Micronesia[94] 23 November 1988
92  Moldova[95] 22 June 1992
93  Monaco January 1964[58]
94  Mongolia[96] 2 October 1991
95  Montenegro[97] 12 July 2006
—  Morocco[2][8] 1 September 1994[98] —
96  Mozambique[43][42] 23 July 1993
97  Myanmar[99] 13 July 1953
98  Namibia[43][100] 11 February 1994
99  Nauru[58] December 1994
100  Nepal[101] 1 June 1960
101  Netherlands 11 May 1949[26] 16 January 1950[89]
102  New Zealand 29 January 1949[34]
103  Nicaragua 18 May 1948 18 May 1948[60] In June 2010, Nicaragua suspended diplomatic ties with Israel.[102]
—  Niger[2] Relations were severed on 4 January 1973.[30][32]
104  Nigeria[103] 1960 Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in May 1992.
105  Norway 4 February 1949 4 February 1949[104]
—  Oman[2] 28 January 1996[105] — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
—  Pakistan[106] — — Does not accept Israeli passports and Pakistani passports are "valid for all countries of the World except Israel".[4][107]
106  Palau[43][42] 2 October 1994
107  Panama 19 June 1948 19 June 1948[53]
108  Papua New Guinea
109  Paraguay 6 September 1948[60] 7 September 1948[108]
110  Peru 9 February 1949 9 February 1949[34]
111  Philippines 11 May 1949[26] 13 May 1957[109]
112  Poland 18 May 1948 18 May 1948[57]
113  Portugal[110] 12 May 1977
—  Qatar[2] April 1996[58] In April 1996, Qatar and Israel agreed to exchange trade representation offices.[111] Trade offices were closed in February 2009.[58] It does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
114  Romania[112] 11 June 1948 12 June 1948[68]
115  Russia 17 May 1948[57][113] 17 May 1948[114] Recognition extended as the Soviet Union. Relations established in January 1991.[58]
116  Rwanda Relations were severed in October 1973,[32] and were restored in October 1994.
117  Saint Kitts and Nevis[58] January 1984
118  Saint Lucia[58] January 1979
119  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[58] January 1981
120  Samoa[58] June 1977
121  San Marino[115] 1 March 1995
122  São Tomé and Príncipe[58] November 1993
—  Saudi Arabia[8] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
123  Senegal[116] 1960 Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in August 1994.
124  Serbia 18 May 1948 19 May 1948[117] Recognition extended as Yugoslavia. Diplomatic relations were established 9 October 1991.[58][118]
125  Seychelles[58] September 1992
126  Sierra Leone Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in May 1992.
127  Singapore[119] 11 May 1969
128  Slovakia 18 May 1948[57] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Diplomatic relations with Slovakia were established 1 January 1993.[120]
129  Slovenia[121] 28 April 1992
130  Solomon Islands[58] January 1989
—  Somalia[122] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
131  South Africa 24 May 1948[57] 14 May 1949[123][124]
132  South Sudan[125] 28 July 2011 28 July 2011 Full diplomatic relations announced; Israel had recognised South Sudan on 10 July 2011.[126]
133  Spain[127] 17 January 1986
134  Sri Lanka[128] 16 September 1950
—  Sudan[8] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
135  Suriname[58] February 1976
136  Eswatini[58] September 1968
137  Sweden[34] 15 February 1949 13 June 1950[59]
138  Switzerland[129] 25 January 1949
—  Syria[8] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
139  Tajikistan[58] April 1992
140  Tanzania Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in February 1995.
141  Thailand 26 September 1950[130]
142  East Timor[131] 29 August 2002
143  Togo Relations were severed in September 1973,[32] and were restored in June 1987.[31]
144  Tonga[58] June 1977
145  Trinidad and Tobago[58] January 1962
—  Tunisia[8] 3 October 1994[43][132] —[133] Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
146  Turkey 28 March 1949[134] 12 March 1950[135] In September 2011, Turkey downgraded ties with Israel to second secretary level.[136]
147  Turkmenistan[137] 6 October 1993
148  Tuvalu[58] July 1984
149  Uganda Broke relations with Israel on 30 March 1972,[32] were restored in July 1994.
150  Ukraine 11 May 1949[26] 26 December 1991[138]
—  United Arab Emirates[139] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
151  United Kingdom 13 May 1949[140]
152  United States[141] 14 May 1948 31 January 1949[142]
153  Uruguay 11 May 1949[26] 19 May 1948[57]
154  Uzbekistan[143] 21 February 1992
155  Vanuatu[43][42] 16 December 1993
156  Venezuela 27 June 1948 27 June 1948[60]
157  Vietnam[144] 12 July 1993
—  Yemen[8] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[4]
158  Zambia Relations were broken in October 1973,[32] were resumed in December 1991.
159  Zimbabwe[43][42] 26 November 1993

Non-UN member states

State Date of recognition Notes
 Cook Islands[145] 2008
 Republic of China[146] 1 March 1949
 Vatican City[147] 15 June 1994

See also

References

  1. ^ The Recognition of the State of Israel
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  50. ^ See the following:
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