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Revision as of 21:29, 23 April 2011

List of colonial buildings and structures in Jakarta

Architecture and town planning of colonial Jakarta

Architecture of Jakarta from the 17th to early 20th centuries is characterized by Dutch colonial architecture.

The list

Below is a list of colonial buildings and structures found in Jakarta. The list is sorted alphabetically according to its official (local) name. The list can be sorted according to each category by pressing the 'list' button

A Building which undertook major renovation, creating a different form, are listed separately (in numbers) to distinguish the different architectural form.

Chinese-style buildings and Islamic mosque of the 17th century are also included in the list

Dutch East India Company period - 17th to late 18th century

Following the siege of the Javanese city of Jayakarta (previously known as Sunda Kelapa) and its demolition by the Dutch in 1619, it was decided to build the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company on the site. Simon Stevin, a prominent 17th century mathematician, scientist and advisor to the Dutch Prince Maurits, was commissioned to design a comprehensive plan for the future settlement based on his concept of the 'ideal city'. His reponse was a rectangular, walled town, bisected by the river Ciliwung which was to be channeled into a straight canal. This layout can still be clearly recognized today on either side of the Kali Besar.[1]

The first type of colonial architecture grew from the early Dutch settlements in the 17th century, when settlements were generally within walled defences to protect them from attack by other European trade rivals and native revolt.

Last official name Former names Year Architect Location Newest image Oldest image
Ancol Fort Fort Ansjol[2]
Batavia castle (dismantled in 1890-1910) Kasteel Batavia 1619 Jakarta Utara
Candra Naya[3] So Bing Kong Residence 17th century Jalan Gajah Mada 188 Gambir, Jakarta 11120
Chinese-style buildings of Jalan K.H. Mas Mansyur[4] Chinese-style building 18th century even-numbered houses of Jl. K.H. Mas Mansyur, Kel. Malaka, Kec. Tambora, Jakarta 11230
Chinese and Dutch-style buildings of Jalan Pekojan Chinese-style buildings 18th-19th century Jl. Pekojan, Kel. Pekojan, Kec. Tambora, Jakarta 11230
De Middelpunt De Middelpunt
Gerbang Amsterdam or "Amsterdam Gate" (demolished in 1950s) Amsterdamsepoort, Pinangpoort, Kasteelpoort 17th century Junction of Jalan Cengkeh (Prinsenstraat), Jalan Tongkol (Kasteelweg), and Jalan Nelayan Timur (Amsterdamschegracht) 1947
Chinese hospital and home for the aged Chinese hospital and home for the aged 1646
Gereja Sion De Nieuwe Potugeesche Buitenkerk 1695 E. Ewout Verhagen 6°08′17″S 106°49′05″E / 6.138009°S 106.817920°E / -6.138009; 106.817920
Great Palace of Weltevreden (demolished) around 1750[1] Jakarta Pusat
Jakarta Fort Fort Jacarta
Jembatan Kota Tua Djembatan Hoenderpasser Kali Besar[5] 1628 6°07′53″S 106°48′38″E / 6.131259°S 106.810579°E / -6.131259; 106.810579
Menara Syahbandar Bastion Cuylenburg[2], De Uitkijk
Mohr Observatory (Demolished in 1812) Mohr Observatory 1765 Johan Maurits Mohr 6°08′38″S 106°48′46″E / 6.143863°S 106.812911°E / -6.143863; 106.812911
Museum Sejarah Jakarta or Museum Fatahillah Batavia City Hall (3rd) 1710 W.J. van der Velde 6°08′07″S 106°48′48″E / 6.135348°S 106.813372°E / -6.135348; 106.813372
Nieuwe Hollandse Kerk or "New Church of Holland" (destroyed by earthquake in 1808, Wayang Museum is now on its site) Nieuwe Hollandse Kerk) 1736 6°08′06″S 106°48′45″E / 6.134882°S 106.812603°E / -6.134882; 106.812603
Noordwijk Fort Fort Noordwijk[2]
Oude Hollandse Kerk or "Old Church of Holland" (demolished in 1732[nb 1] Oude Hollandse Kerk / Kruiskerk or "Cross Church" 1640
Rijswijk Fort Fort Rijswijk[2]
The Latin and Greek School (demolished)[1] The Latin and Greek School 1662[1]
Vihara Dharma Bhakti Jin De Yuan Klenteng 1650, 1755 (restored) 6°08′38″S 106°48′46″E / 6.143973°S 106.812736°E / -6.143973; 106.812736

Colonialism - Late 18th to 1870

As the Dutch become more securely established in the region, towns grew up beyond the walls of the fort. Batavia, together with Semarang and Ujung Pandang, were the most important urban centers. During this time, Batavia became congested and wealthier merchants and other men of influence began to build their residences on the outskirts of town and in the surrounding countryside.

The best building example from this period is the building of the National Archives of Indonesia.

Last official name Former names Year Architect Location Newest image Oldest image
Asrama Polisi Sektor Pal Merah Landhuis Kebayoran Lama / Gedung Tinggi or "tall building"[nb 2] / Rumah Grogol or "Grogol house" / Residence of Andreas Hartink 18th century[7] W.J. Van de Velde[7] Jl. Pal Merah Barat , Kel. Pal Merah, Kec. Palmerah, Jakarta Barat
Gedung Arsip Nasional Reiner de Klerk house[1] 1760 Reiner de Klerk 6°09′14″S 106°49′01″E / 6.153761°S 106.817036°E / -6.153761; 106.817036
Gedung Biara Santa Ursula, Kapel, dan Gedung Sekolah Santa Ursula Ursulinen Klooster, "Kleine Klooster" [8] 1859 (cloister), 1888 (chapel), 1912 (school)
Istana Negara Residence of J. A. van Braam (original); Schonburg Building; Residency of the Governor General of Batavia in Rijswijk 1796 6°10′05″S 106°49′26″E / 6.168084°S 106.823956°E / -6.168084; 106.823956
Mercu Suar Sunda Kelapa or "Sunda Kelapa lighthouse"[9] Vuurtoren Batavia 1862
Museum Seni Rupa dan Keramik Palais van Justitie ("Justice Palace") 1870 6°08′04″S 106°48′51″E / 6.134310°S 106.814212°E / -6.134310; 106.814212
Postkantoor Weltevreden (demolished and replaced with a new building in 1913) Postkantoor Weltevreden 1853
Rumah Sakit Cikini or "Cikini hospital" Raden Saleh Residence (original); Hospital and a Nurse Academy (1898)[10] 1852 Raden Saleh Jalan Raden Saleh 40, Menteng-Cikini, Jakarta Pusat 10330
Toko Merah or "Red Shop" Residence of Governor General Gustaaf Willem, Baron van Imhoff; Kantoor van de Bank voor Indië 1730[nb 3] for Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff 6°08′09″S 106°48′41″E / 6.135955°S 106.811285°E / -6.135955; 106.811285

Post Cultuurstelsel abolition - 1870 to mid 20th century

The abolition of the Cultuurstelsel, or forced cultivation system, in 1870, made way for the rapid development of private enterprise in the Dutch Indies. Numerous trading companies and financial institutions established themselves in Java. For the most part they settled in Batavia and opened their offices in Kota, typically along, or near, Kali Besar. These private companies owned or managed plantations, oil fields, and mines.

The 19th century also saw a growing appreciation of indigenous architectural forms.

Over time, more and more buildings are damaged and neglected. Only a few buildings that can be “saved”. One of them is a very famous museum in Jakarta, the Jakarta Museum (formerly known as the Museum Fatahillah). The building is located in the heart of Batavia, now better known as the City. In addition to Jakarta this museum, there are several other buildings in the surrounding which is also a valuable architectural trail.

Last official name Former names Year Architect Location Newest image Oldest image
Office
Rathkamp and Co. Pharmacy
Aley Cramerus Residence
Batavia Petroleum Maatschappij Building Office
Asuransi Wahana Tata Office 19th century unknown Jl. Kali Besar Barat no. 5, Kel. Pekojan, Kec. Tambora, Jakarta 11110
Athena Diskotik Gebouw van Het Nieuws van den Dag 1925–1927 Ir. W. Selle 6°08′07″S 106°48′40″E / 6.135152°S 106.811078°E / -6.135152; 106.811078
Backside of Wayang Museum Office 19th century (unknown) Jl. Kali Besar Timur no. 16, Kel. Pekojan, Kec. Tambora, Jakarta 11110
Bank Indonesia N.V. De Javasche Bank 1909 Eduard Cuypers and Hulswit 6°08′14″S 106°48′46″E / 6.137185°S 106.812856°E / -6.137185; 106.812856
Bank Mandiri (1999) Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij Office Building; or Factorij Batavia / Bank Koperasi Tani dan Nelayan (1960) / Bank Export Import (Bank Exim) (1968) / Bank Exim bersama Bank Dagang Negara / Bank Bumi Daya / Bank Pembangunan Indonesia 1929 Ir. J. de Bruyn, Ir. A.P. Smiths dan C. Van de Linde[11], Ir. J.F.L. Blankenberg dan Wolff Schoemaker[12], Ir. Fermont – Eduard Cuypers [13] 6°08′17″S 106°48′47″E / 6.138170°S 106.813085°E / -6.138170; 106.813085
Bank Mandiri Standard Chartered Bank Office of India, Australia, and China / Bank Bumi Daya 20th century Eduard Cuypers 6°08′12″S 106°48′41″E / 6.136532°S 106.811417°E / -6.136532; 106.811417
Bank Tabungan Negara Office Kantoor van de Postspaarbank, Tyokin Kyoku (1942-1945), Bank Tabungan Pos (1945-1968)[14] 1920, 1936 (renovated to current form) RLA Schoenmaker 6°10′02″S 106°49′13″E / 6.167185°S 106.820338°E / -6.167185; 106.820338
Cafe Batavia File:Cafebatavia.jpg
Gebouw van de Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij (KPM) bij de Sluisbrug (Demolished for road widening) Gebouw van de Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij (KPM) bij de Sluisbrug 1888 Jakarta Pusat
PT Djakarta Lloyd Office (abandoned)[15] Asurantie Kantoor van Ongevallen verzekering mij FATUM en Onderlinge elvensverzekering van EIGEN HULP 1890 6°08′03″S 106°48′45″E / 6.134077°S 106.812596°E / -6.134077; 106.812596
House of the Liutenant General Commander of the Military Jakarta Pusat
Mesjid Angke ("Angke Mosque") Angke Mosque Jakarta Utara
Lembaga Biologi Molekul Eijkman or "Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology"[16] Eijkman Instituut 1914 (built), 1916 (inauguration)[17] H von Essen[17] 6°11′53″S 106°50′47″E / 6.198011°S 106.846399°E / -6.198011; 106.846399
Council of the Indies Building or Raad van Indië Jakarta Pusat
Laboratory for Pasar Ikan Marine Research
Lembaga Pendidikan Jurnalistik Antara News Office 6°09′57″S 106°50′02″E / 6.165816°S 106.833924°E / -6.165816; 106.833924
Mesjid Luar Batang or "Luar Batang Mosque" Luar Batang Mosque 6°07′26″S 106°48′24″E / 6.123765°S 106.806533°E / -6.123765; 106.806533
J.P. Coen Statue (Demolished) J.P. Coen Statue 6°10′10″S 106°50′13″E / 6.169353°S 106.836808°E / -6.169353; 106.836808
Monument for J.B. van Heutsz Monument for J.B. van Heutsz
Museum Wayang Museum of Old Batavia (1939); Geo Wehry & Co Warehouse 1912[1] 6°08′06″S 106°48′45″E / 6.134882°S 106.812603°E / -6.134882; 106.812603
Office building at Jl. Kunir no. 2[18] Geo. Wehry & Co Office building 1927 Ir. FJL Ghijsels (AIA Bureau) Jl. Kunir no. 2, Kel. Pinamgsia, Kec. Taman Sari, Jakarta 11110
(Upper part moved to Taman Prasasti Museum) Michiels Monument Jakarta Pusat
Stasiun Gambir Weltevreden Station (1884), Batavia Koningsplein Station (1937), Gambir Station (post-independence) 6°10′36″S 106°49′50″E / 6.176660°S 106.830617°E / -6.176660; 106.830617
Topografisch Bureau (abandoned and destroyed)[19] Topografisch Bureau
Hotel der Nederlanden Jakarta Pusat
Salemba artesian well (Demolished) Salemba artesian well Jakarta Pusat
Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital and the Medicine Faculty of the University of Indonesia Salemba Ziekenhuis, Centrale Burgerlijke Ziekeninrichting (CBZ) en de Geneeskundige Hoogeschool ("Central Civil Hospital and Medical College") 6°11′42″S 106°50′56″E / 6.194962°S 106.848907°E / -6.194962; 106.848907
Batavia Yacht Club in Tanjung Priok Jakarta Utara
Societeit Harmonie or "Harmony Society" (demolished for road widening and parking area in 1985)[20] Societeit Harmonie or "Harmony Society" (original) 18 January 1815 J.C. Schultze Jakarta Pusat
Oger Frères[21] (demolished in the 1930s, now replaced with Singer Building) Oger Frères
Singer Building[22] 1930 F.W. Brinkman
Mayestik Bioscoop
Cut Mutiah Mosque (1987) N.V. de Bouwploeg architects office (original); post office, Train Company (1942–1945); office of Home and Religion (1964–1970). 1922 Pieter Adriaan Jacobus Moojen Jalan Cut Mutiah No. 1, Jakarta Pusat 10340
Buddha Bar Bataviasche Kunstkring (original); Immigration office of Central Jakarta 1913 Jakarta Pusat
Koninklijke Pakketvaart Maatschappij Office Building 1918
H. Vaupel Residence
C. Schultze Residence
The Military Society Building Jakarta Pusat
(Gedung Kesenian Jakarta) Batavia Theatre or Schouwburg te Batavia (original) J.C. Schultze 6°10′00″S 106°50′04″E / 6.166540°S 106.834417°E / -6.166540; 106.834417
Gedung Kementerian Keuangan Palace of Governor-General Daendels
Hotel Wisse (replaced with Hotel des Galeries) Hotel Wisse (1890), Hotel Ernst (1860), a house[23] around 1750 GG Petrus Albertus van der Parra 6°10′01″S 106°49′16″E / 6.166930°S 106.821007°E / -6.166930; 106.821007
Hotel Melati Hotel des Galeries 1914 6°10′01″S 106°49′16″E / 6.166930°S 106.821007°E / -6.166930; 106.821007
Van Arcken and Co. Shop
Woodbury's House
(Demolished in 1984, replaced with Kantor Departemen Keuangan RI bagian KPPN (Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara)[24] 22 Noordwijk Factorij, branch office of the Nederlandsche Handels Maatschappij Factory 1910 Eduard Cuypers
Magazijn Onderlinge Hulp (Demolished) Magazijn Onderlinge Hulp in Noordwijk
Kleedingmagazijn M. De Koning (Demolished in 1950s) Kleedingmagazijn M. De Koning in Noordwijk
Grand Hôtel Java (Demolished and replaced with Markas Militer)[25] Grand Hôtel Java
Modernist villas of Westerpark 1920-1930s
Manggarai Cinema (Bioscoop Manggarai) File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Affiches voor Bollywood-films op de voorgevel van Bioscoop Manggarai TMnr 20018017.jpg
Fort Prins Frederik (Demolished, now Istiqlal Mosque) Fort Prins Frederik or Prince Frederik Fort Jakarta Pusat File:Istiqlal Mosque Monas.jpg
Gereja Immanuel or Emmanuel Church Willemskerk or "Williams Church"
Istana Merdeka Governor General's Palace or Paleis van de Gouverneur-Generaal, "Gambir Palace" 1873 Drossares 6°10′13″S 106°49′27″E / 6.170170°S 106.824177°E / -6.170170; 106.824177
Museum Bahari Warehouse North Jakarta {coord| -6.126753|106.808279|format=dms}}
Chinese Christian Church
Jakarta Cathedral Batavia Cathedral 1829, 1901 (rebuilt) 6°10′08″S 106°49′59″E / 6.169013°S 106.833114°E / -6.169013; 106.833114
(Demolished) Koningsplein telephone office 6°07′53″S 106°48′38″E / 6.131250°S 106.810594°E / -6.131250; 106.810594
Kota Railway Station Kota Railway Station F.J.L. Ghijsels 6°08′16″S 106°48′52″E / 6.137672°S 106.814421°E / -6.137672; 106.814421
Jasa Raharja Office Insurance Office
City Press Factory
Electrification of the State Railway Company at Meester Cornelis (Electrificatie van de Staatsspoor- en Tramwegen (SS en T) bij het spoorwegstation te Meester Cornelis)
St. Theresia Church Nassaukerk Jakarta Pusat
Batavia Brotherhood School
Metropole Megaria Cinema; Menteng Cinema
Oranje Beer Brewery
NHM Office Building
Central Civil Hospital of Batavia (Het Centrale Burgerlijke Hospitaal)
(Demolished) Pasar Gambir Market Structures/Pavilions Jakarta Pusat
Hotel des Indes (demolished, now replaced with Duta Merlin Plaza) Hotel des Indes Jakarta Pusat
(Demolished, on its site stand the Istiqlal Mosque) Wilhelmina Park Aceh Monument 1898 Bart van Hove, Pierre Cuypers[26]
Wilhelmina Pavilion (demolished) Wilhelmina Pavilion
Zoological and Plant Society Building
(Demolished) Gunung Sahari Lock Bridge
St. Joseph Church (Gereja St Yosep) in Matraman
Batavia AS Lyceum
Binnacle (Schakelhuis)
Filateli Jakarta Main Post and Telegraph Office
Post Office Building
(Demolished) Meester Cornelis artesian well 1881
Batavia Newspaper Office Building
(Demolished) Postweg Fountain
KPM Hospital
(Demolished) Koningsplein Artesian Lapangan Merdeka
Marine Hotel
Menteng Pulo Cemetery Ereveld Menteng Pulo
SMK Santa Maria Groote Klooster[8] 1856
Museum Taman Prasasti Europese Kerkhof 6°10′20″S 106°49′08″E / 6.172196°S 106.818946°E / -6.172196; 106.818946
Museum Nasional, "Museum Gajah" The Batavian Society of Arts and Science Building 1862 6°10′35″S 106°49′20″E / 6.176434°S 106.822115°E / -6.176434; 106.822115
Paser Baroe, Pasar Baru Paser Baroe
Pasar Ikan
(Abandoned) Kantoor van de Nederlandsch Indische Escompto Maatschappij
Indonesia Supreme Court Building Jakarta Pusat
Tandjong Priok Station (demolished in 1917) Tandjong Priok Station 1885 6°06′40″S 106°52′51″E / 6.111039°S 106.880963°E / -6.111039; 106.880963
Tanjung Priok Station State Railway Company's Railway Station 1914 C.W. Koch Jakarta Utara
Textile Museum (1978) Residence; Headquarter of Barisan Keamanan Rakyat ("Front of People Safety"); Institution for aged people (1947) Jakarta Barat
? W.C. van Benthem Jutting Residence Jakarta Pusat
Warehouse building (abandoned) Dasaad Musin Building / Residence of the Director of NV. Pabrik Tenoen Kantjil Mas, Bangil, Djawa Timoer 1920 6°08′02″S 106°48′46″E / 6.133967°S 106.812800°E / -6.133967; 106.812800

Notes and references

Notes
  1. ^ The Old Church of Holland was demolished to make way for the organ that was too large for the church.[6]
  2. ^ so called because it was the tallest building in Grogol during the colonial area.[7]
  3. ^ According to a plaque in front of Toko Merah.
References
  1. ^ a b c d e f Gunawan Tjahjono, ed. (1998). Architecture. Indonesian Heritage. Vol. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press. ISBN 981-3018-30-5.
  2. ^ a b c d Die Rhede von Batavia, 1655 Batavia Map. Homann Heirs Nuremberg Publication
  3. ^ "Candra Naya". Nile Guide. Nile Project. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  4. ^ http://www.jakarta.go.id/v70/index.php/en/bangunan-cagar-budaya/178-jakarta-barat/702-bangunan-no-102, http://www.jakarta.go.id/v70/index.php/en/bangunan-cagar-budaya/178-jakarta-barat/719-bangunan-no-104, http://www.jakarta.go.id/v70/index.php/en/bangunan-cagar-budaya/178-jakarta-barat/720-bangunan-no-106, http://www.jakarta.go.id/v70/index.php/en/bangunan-cagar-budaya/178-jakarta-barat/721-bangunan-no-238
  5. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/photo/11/120
  6. ^ http://prov.jakarta.go.id/jakv1/encyclopedia/detail/2135
  7. ^ a b c http://www.jakarta.go.id/v70/index.php/en/bangunan-cagar-budaya/178-jakarta-barat/1074-asrama-polisi-sektor-pal-merah
  8. ^ a b http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/photo/11/195.JPG
  9. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/photo/689/1
  10. ^ "Rumah Sakit Cikini (Cikini Hospital)". Nile Guide. Nile Project. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  11. ^ http://www.jakarta.go.id/v70/index.php/en/bangunan-cagar-budaya/178-jakarta-barat/1176-bank-mandiri
  12. ^ http://www.jakarta.go.id/v70/index.php/en/bangunan-cagar-budaya/178-jakarta-barat/1242-bank-mandiri
  13. ^ http://www.jakarta.go.id/v70/index.php/en/bangunan-cagar-budaya/178-jakarta-barat/1248-bank-mandiri
  14. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/album/391/Kawasan_Rijswijk_-_Noordwijk_Batavia_1900-2008#5#photo=4
  15. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/photo/11/202
  16. ^ Nurul Ulfah (11 December 2009). "Melawan Virus Bersama Eijkman" (in Indonesian). DetikHealth. Retrieved April 2, 2011.</>
  17. ^ a b http://bataviase.co.id/node/372552
  18. ^ http://www.jakarta.go.id/v70/index.php/en/bangunan-cagar-budaya/178-jakarta-barat/1234-bangunan-gedung-jl-kunir-no-2-
  19. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/photo/11/213
  20. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/photo/391/9
  21. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/photo/391/7
  22. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/photo/391/8
  23. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/album/391/Kawasan_Rijswijk_-_Noordwijk_Batavia_1900-2008#5#photo=5
  24. ^ Priambodo Prayitno. "Djawa Tempo Doeloe". Retrieved April 2, 2011.
  25. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/photo/391/25
  26. ^ http://djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com/photos/photo/391/32
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