Crosville Motor Services: Difference between revisions
→History: GWR_road_motor_services#Services_in_Wales |
→History: adjust - section |
||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
The company was formed as '''Crosville Motor Company Limited''' on 27 October 1906 in Chester, by George Crosland Taylor and his French business associate Georges de Ville, with the intention of building motor cars. The company name was an amalgam of 'Crosland' and 'de Ville'. |
The company was formed as '''Crosville Motor Company Limited''' on 27 October 1906 in Chester, by George Crosland Taylor and his French business associate Georges de Ville, with the intention of building motor cars. The company name was an amalgam of 'Crosland' and 'de Ville'. |
||
In 1909 Crosville had commenced its first bus service, between [[Chester]] and [[Ellesmere Port]]. By 1929 Crosville had consolidated an operating area covering the [[Wirral]] and parts of [[Lancashire]], [[Cheshire]] and [[Flintshire]]. |
|||
The [[Railways (Road Transport) Act]] of 1928 gave the four railway companies the opportunity to provide bus services. But rather than run in competition they bought into or purchase outright existing bus companies. In February 1929, the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] made an offer of £400,000 to purchase Crosville, which was completed in November 1929. The new LMS (Crosville) company then in the next few months purchased Holyhead Motors, and UNU Motor Services of [[Caernarfon]]. |
|||
On 1 May 1933, the [[Great Western Railway]]s northern Welsh service "[[GWR_road_motor_services#Services_in_Wales|Western Transport]]" was [[consolidation (business)|amalgamated]] with Crosville. |
|||
Shortly afterwards, the four railway companies reached an agreement with the [[Tilling and British Automobile Traction]] (T&BAT) to complete a cross-holding deal, where by each organisation held a 50% share in a series of jointly-held consolidated regional bus companies. LMS (Crosville) was therefore merged with T&BAT's Royal Blue of [[Llandudno]], and renamed as Crosville Motor Services Ltd. on 15 May 1930, after only nine months of outright LMS ownership. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
In the next few months the company consolidated its majority share of the [[North Wales]] coastal services, buying up various smaller private companies that operated in the Crosville area, including: White Rose Motor Services of Rhyl; Red Dragon of Denbigh; Burton of Tarporley; North Wales Silver Motors; and Llangoed Red Motors. On 1 May 1933, the [[Great Western Railway]]s northern Welsh service [[GWR_road_motor_services#Services_in_Wales|Western Transport]] was [[consolidation (business)|amalgamated]] with Crosville. |
|||
===World War 2=== |
|||
Although the start of [[World War 2]] brought about cuts in the company timetable, by the end of the war the company had increased passengers by 50% and revenues by 90%. This was through North Wales being seen as a safe area from [[Luftwaffe]] bombing, resulting in a number of [[shadow factories]] and [[munitions factories]] being built in the area. This resulted in the expansion of a number of formerly quiet villages, and hence the route map changed quite dramatically. |
|||
In example, the munitions factory at [[Marchwiel]] near Wrexham needed over 200 buses daily. This demand brought about a change in fleet policy, with double deckers appearing in the fleet for the first time, abliet secod-hand as war time production was give over to the war effort. This changed on 3rd December 1942, when Crosville became a subsidiary of the [[Tilling Group]], resulting in a chnage from maroon to Tilling-green livery, and Bristol replacing Leyland as the manufacturer of choice. |
|||
Crosville emerged from the war far stronger in many ways, with healthy cash reserves in the bank or accumulating nicely in property assest, unable to replace their fleet at their normal renewal rate. However, although Crosville focused on replacing its single-deck fleet with double deckers, Tilling had a group policy against investment in coaches, resulting in a rise across the geography of a number of new coach operators. By the time that the post-war government of [[Clement Atlee]] privatised both Tilling and the raliway companies into the [[British Transport Commission]] on 1 January 1948, and Crosville was nationalised, the coach operators were a sustainable competitive etity. |
|||
===1948-1967=== |
|||
New Bristol double-deckers had become the standard fleet purchase for all Tilling/BET fleets, which allowed the company to service the post-war boom until 1950, when traffic began to fall again thanks to the increase in the number of private cars. The combiantion of this, plus the [[Suez Crisis]] of 1956 and a lack of staff due to low wages, lead to a general contraction of the network out of countryside routes and to reduce operations by at least half on a Sunday. The network continued to decline, except in the provision of new service to replace railways removed by the [[Beeching Axe]], with the 1965 introduced "Cymru Coastliner," between Chester and Caernarfon anticipating the closure of that [[British Rail]] route and the intermediate stations. |
|||
===1968-1985=== |
|||
The [[1968 Transport Act]] created the [[National Bus Company]], and the principle that rural bus services needed to be subsidised by councils. Although having reduced costs through the introduction of one-man operation, Crosville submitted a list of 196 routes that required financial assistance. |
|||
With the transfer of routes within [[Greater Manchester]] to the local Passenger Transport Executive in 1971, NBC spilt the residual service between Trent and Crosville, with the company taking over 119 vehicles and depots in Northwich, Macclesfield and Biddulph in March 1972. A consolidation of companies within NBC resulted Crosville taking over services in parts of West Wales from [[Western Welsh]], including those from the depots in New Quay, [[Newcastle Emlyn]] and [[Lampeter]]. |
|||
The company continued to consolidate and regress its network through the 1980's, making a loss of £1M in 1980, and £2M in 1981. Rebranding of local service in metropolitan areas assisted in a flattening of the rate of revenue reduction, but losses continued to mount. |
|||
===Deregulation=== |
|||
| ⚫ | On 13th February 1986, the [[Secretary of State for Transport]] decided that, because of their size, the four largest NBC companies would be split, as they provided too great a competitive threat on [[bus deregulation|deregulation]]. Crosville was split into two in preparation for the [[privatisation]] of the [[National Bus Company (UK)|National Bus Company]] in the 1980s. '''Crosville Cymru''' was to remain generally in one piece, but the remainder of Crosville based in England was to be split between then-sister companies [[Midland Red North]] and the new [[North Western Road Car Company (1986)|North Western]] company based in [[Liverpool]]. The latter move was quite a reversal of fortunes, as much of Crosville's territory in the eastern half of Cheshire had been gained from the original [[North Western Road Car Company (1923)|North Western]] company at its dismemberment in 1972. |
||
The [[Wirral Peninsula|Wirral]] operations were sold on to [[Potteries Motor Traction|PMT]] and were to retain the Crosville name, however the name has since passed into history with the corporate [[First Group]] branding. North Western, Crosville Cymru and the Cheshire depots of Midland Red North are today under common management as [[Arriva North West and Wales]]. |
The [[Wirral Peninsula|Wirral]] operations were sold on to [[Potteries Motor Traction|PMT]] and were to retain the Crosville name, however the name has since passed into history with the corporate [[First Group]] branding. North Western, Crosville Cymru and the Cheshire depots of Midland Red North are today under common management as [[Arriva North West and Wales]]. |
||
Revision as of 18:09, 6 April 2011
| File:Crossville.jpg | |
 Preserved Crosville Motor Services Bristol Lodekka G792 at the 2009 Cobham bus rally. | |
| Founded | 1906 |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Chester |
| Locale | United Kingdom |
| Service area | Chester, Lancashire, Flintshire, North-mid Wales, Liverpool |
| Service type | Bus |
 | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (April 2009) |
Crosville Motor Services was a bus operator running within the north west of England and north and mid Wales.
History
The company was formed as Crosville Motor Company Limited on 27 October 1906 in Chester, by George Crosland Taylor and his French business associate Georges de Ville, with the intention of building motor cars. The company name was an amalgam of 'Crosland' and 'de Ville'.
In 1909 Crosville had commenced its first bus service, between Chester and Ellesmere Port. By 1929 Crosville had consolidated an operating area covering the Wirral and parts of Lancashire, Cheshire and Flintshire.
The Railways (Road Transport) Act of 1928 gave the four railway companies the opportunity to provide bus services. But rather than run in competition they bought into or purchase outright existing bus companies. In February 1929, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway made an offer of £400,000 to purchase Crosville, which was completed in November 1929. The new LMS (Crosville) company then in the next few months purchased Holyhead Motors, and UNU Motor Services of Caernarfon.
Shortly afterwards, the four railway companies reached an agreement with the Tilling and British Automobile Traction (T&BAT) to complete a cross-holding deal, where by each organisation held a 50% share in a series of jointly-held consolidated regional bus companies. LMS (Crosville) was therefore merged with T&BAT's Royal Blue of Llandudno, and renamed as Crosville Motor Services Ltd. on 15 May 1930, after only nine months of outright LMS ownership.
In the next few months the company consolidated its majority share of the North Wales coastal services, buying up various smaller private companies that operated in the Crosville area, including: White Rose Motor Services of Rhyl; Red Dragon of Denbigh; Burton of Tarporley; North Wales Silver Motors; and Llangoed Red Motors. On 1 May 1933, the Great Western Railways northern Welsh service Western Transport was amalgamated with Crosville.
World War 2
Although the start of World War 2 brought about cuts in the company timetable, by the end of the war the company had increased passengers by 50% and revenues by 90%. This was through North Wales being seen as a safe area from Luftwaffe bombing, resulting in a number of shadow factories and munitions factories being built in the area. This resulted in the expansion of a number of formerly quiet villages, and hence the route map changed quite dramatically.
In example, the munitions factory at Marchwiel near Wrexham needed over 200 buses daily. This demand brought about a change in fleet policy, with double deckers appearing in the fleet for the first time, abliet secod-hand as war time production was give over to the war effort. This changed on 3rd December 1942, when Crosville became a subsidiary of the Tilling Group, resulting in a chnage from maroon to Tilling-green livery, and Bristol replacing Leyland as the manufacturer of choice.
Crosville emerged from the war far stronger in many ways, with healthy cash reserves in the bank or accumulating nicely in property assest, unable to replace their fleet at their normal renewal rate. However, although Crosville focused on replacing its single-deck fleet with double deckers, Tilling had a group policy against investment in coaches, resulting in a rise across the geography of a number of new coach operators. By the time that the post-war government of Clement Atlee privatised both Tilling and the raliway companies into the British Transport Commission on 1 January 1948, and Crosville was nationalised, the coach operators were a sustainable competitive etity.
1948-1967
New Bristol double-deckers had become the standard fleet purchase for all Tilling/BET fleets, which allowed the company to service the post-war boom until 1950, when traffic began to fall again thanks to the increase in the number of private cars. The combiantion of this, plus the Suez Crisis of 1956 and a lack of staff due to low wages, lead to a general contraction of the network out of countryside routes and to reduce operations by at least half on a Sunday. The network continued to decline, except in the provision of new service to replace railways removed by the Beeching Axe, with the 1965 introduced "Cymru Coastliner," between Chester and Caernarfon anticipating the closure of that British Rail route and the intermediate stations.
1968-1985
The 1968 Transport Act created the National Bus Company, and the principle that rural bus services needed to be subsidised by councils. Although having reduced costs through the introduction of one-man operation, Crosville submitted a list of 196 routes that required financial assistance.
With the transfer of routes within Greater Manchester to the local Passenger Transport Executive in 1971, NBC spilt the residual service between Trent and Crosville, with the company taking over 119 vehicles and depots in Northwich, Macclesfield and Biddulph in March 1972. A consolidation of companies within NBC resulted Crosville taking over services in parts of West Wales from Western Welsh, including those from the depots in New Quay, Newcastle Emlyn and Lampeter.
The company continued to consolidate and regress its network through the 1980's, making a loss of £1M in 1980, and £2M in 1981. Rebranding of local service in metropolitan areas assisted in a flattening of the rate of revenue reduction, but losses continued to mount.
Deregulation
On 13th February 1986, the Secretary of State for Transport decided that, because of their size, the four largest NBC companies would be split, as they provided too great a competitive threat on deregulation. Crosville was split into two in preparation for the privatisation of the National Bus Company in the 1980s. Crosville Cymru was to remain generally in one piece, but the remainder of Crosville based in England was to be split between then-sister companies Midland Red North and the new North Western company based in Liverpool. The latter move was quite a reversal of fortunes, as much of Crosville's territory in the eastern half of Cheshire had been gained from the original North Western company at its dismemberment in 1972.
The Wirral operations were sold on to PMT and were to retain the Crosville name, however the name has since passed into history with the corporate First Group branding. North Western, Crosville Cymru and the Cheshire depots of Midland Red North are today under common management as Arriva North West and Wales.
See also
References
- Anderson, R C; History Of Crosville Motor Services; David & Charles PLC; 2001; ISBN 0-7153-8088-5
- Banks, John; The Prestige Series - Crosville; Venture Publications; 2001; ISBN 1-898432-39-2
- Carroll, John & Duncan Roberts; Crosville Motor Services : Part 1 - The First 40 Years; Venture Publications; 1995; ISBN 1-898432-12-0
- Crosland-Taylor, W J; Crosville: The Sowing And The Harvest; Transport Publishing Company; 1987; ISBN 0-86317-136-2
- Crosland-Taylor, W J; Crosville: State Owned Without Tears; Transport Publishing Company; 1987; ISBN 0-86317-139-7
- Maund, T B; Crosville On Merseyside; Transport Publishing; 1992; ISBN 0-86317-168-0
- Roberts, Duncan; Crosville Motor Services : Part 2 : 1945 - 1990; NBC Books; 1997; ISBN 0-95318-950-3
- Roberts, Duncan; Crosville 3 - The Successors; NBC Books; 2001
External links
| Regional | |
|---|---|
| National |
|
| Long-distance | |
 | This United Kingdom bus operating company article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |