Battle of Rhodes (1912)

Battle of Rhodes
Part of the Italo-Turkish War
Italian troops landing at Rhodes on May 4 of 1912.
Date May 4-16, 1912 Location Rhodes, Greece Result Italian victory
Belligerents
Kingdom of Italy	Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Giovanni Ameglio	unknown
Strength
9,000	11,000
Casualties and losses
4 killed 33 wounded	~83 killed ~26 wounded 983 captured

The Battle of Rhodes was fought in May of 1912 as part of the Italo-Turkish War. Italian troops under Lieutenant General Giovanni Ameglio landed on the Turkish held island and took control of it after thirteen days of fighting, ending nearly 400 years of Ottoman rule. The battle became the major engagement during the Italian operations in the Aegean Sea.

Battle

Italian forces numbered about 9,000 men supported by a fleet of Regia Marina warships. Many of the Italian troops were veterans of the campaigns in Libya, having been shipped from Benghasi and Tobruk. The Regia Marina began operating off of the island a few days prior to the invasion, on May 1, the Italian navy cut the communications cable linking Rhodes with the mainland. The unopposed landing in Kalithea Bay began at 4:00 am on May 4 and lasted until 2:00 pm when the Italians began their march north towards the City of Rhodes. Ottoman Army personnel numbered about 1,000 officers and men with a handful of artillery pieces though another 10,000 militiamen were recruited from jails and the civilian population. Rhodes is protected by a castle but it was not utilized by the Turks and played no part in the battle. The first line of Turkish defenses was at Smith Plateau where a few hundred men were stationed. Italian troops attacked the position, while eleven Italian ships bombarded the area. The Turks were routed with significant losses though the Italians reported only seven men wounded. Ottoman forces retreated that night to the mountains around Psithos in western Rhodes and the Italians advanced to within two kilometers of the city and stopped at 7:00 pm. When the city was surrendered the following morning at 10:00 am, the Italian army marched in without opposition.

Meanwhile additional unopposed landings took place at Kalavarda and Malona Bay, both about thirty miles south of Rhodes. On May 7, the Wali of Rhodes was captured with over 100 other Turkish officials by the Ostro. The Turks were trying to flee the islands but instead ended up going to Tarento on May 11 as prisoners. Lieutenant General Ameglio took the offensive again on May 15 against the enemy forces around Psithos. With the landings at Kalavarda and Malona Bay completed Ameglio and his main force were able to surround the Turkish posistion on three sides while the battleship St. Bon bombarded troop concentartions from the fourth. After a nine hour battle the Ottomans were defeated and the battle for Rhodes came to an end when the Turkish commanders surrendered the next day on May 16. Eighty-three Turks were killed, twenty-six were wounded and 983 surrendered. The remaining 10,000 militiamen were sent back to prison or returned to their homes. Four Italians were reported to have been killed in the final engagement and twenty-six men were wounded. After 390 years of Muslim rule, Rhodes was once again contoled by Christian forces.

See Also

• Siege of Rhodes (1522)
• Balkan Wars

References

• Irace, Tullio (1912). With the Italians in Tripoli. J. Murray Publishing. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)