Jump to content

International reactions to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Undid revision 421236280 by Fivetrees (talk) Please don't shotgun this link; please add to the Humanitarian Response page instead.~~~~
Politics
Line 89: Line 89:


*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom – British Energy Minister [[Chris Huhne]] expressed on 16 March regret that that some European politicians were 'rushing to judgement' before assessments had been carried out, and said that it was too early to determine whether the willingness of the private sector to invest in new nuclear plants would be affected.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/8384145/Chris-Huhne-Japan-is-a-risk-to-UK-nuclear-plans.html Chris Huhne: Japan is a risk to UK nuclear plans] ''Daily Telegraph'' (UK), published16 March 2011, accessed 17 March 2011</ref>
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom – British Energy Minister [[Chris Huhne]] expressed on 16 March regret that that some European politicians were 'rushing to judgement' before assessments had been carried out, and said that it was too early to determine whether the willingness of the private sector to invest in new nuclear plants would be affected.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/8384145/Chris-Huhne-Japan-is-a-risk-to-UK-nuclear-plans.html Chris Huhne: Japan is a risk to UK nuclear plans] ''Daily Telegraph'' (UK), published16 March 2011, accessed 17 March 2011</ref>

==Politics==
In March 2011, more than 200,000 people took part in anti-nuclear protests in four large German cities, on the eve of state elections. Organisers called it the biggest anti-nuclear demonstration the country has seen, with police estimating that 100,000 people turned out in Berlin alone. Hamburg, Munich and Cologne also saw big demonstrations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/03/26/germany-nuclear-idUKLDE72P0FG20110326 |title=Anti-nuclear Germans protest on eve of state vote |date=March 26, 2011 |work=Reuters }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/28/world/europe/28germany.html?_r=1 |title=Merkel Loses Key German State on Nuclear Fears |author=Judy Dempsey |date=March 27, 2011 |work=New York Times }}</ref>

Japan's nuclear disaster has resulted in an unprecedented surge of popularity for the [[anti-nuclear]] Green Party in Germany. In an historic victory on March 27, 2011, the Greens beat Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]]'s party in the industrial state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, which the conservatives have held for 58 consecutive years. The Greens also beat their traditional allies, the Social Democrats.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/28/germany-election-greens-idUSLDE72Q0KS20110328 |title=RPT-Germany's Greens come of age after Japan disaster |author=Erik Kirschbaum |date=March 28, 2011 |work=Reuters }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 00:42, 29 March 2011

Main article: Fukushima I nuclear accidents
International humanitarian flight undergoes radioactive decontamination

The immediate international reaction to 2011 Fukushima I nuclear accidents has been primarily in the context of the humanitarian response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, also to those people affected by the events at Fukushima I. The response has also included the expression of concern over the developments at the reactors and the risk of escalation. The accidents have furthermore prompted re-evaluation of existing and planned national nuclear energy programs.

Organized international monitoring

Many inter-governmental agencies are responding, often on an ad hoc basis. Responders include International Atomic Energy Agency, World Meteorological Organization and the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization, which has radiation detection equipment deployed around the world.[1]

Financial markets

As a result of the incident, stock prices of many energy companies reliant on nuclear sources and listed on stock exchanges have dropped, while renewable energy companies have increased dramatically in value.[2] In Germany, demand for renewable energy has increased among private consumers.[3][4]

Actions and recommendations related to the Fukushima incident

Evacuation from Tokyo and Japan

On 14 March, France became the first country to advise its nationals to leave Tokyo, citing a probable large aftershock in the Kanto area and the risk associated with the nuclear plants' ongoing incident.[5]

Embassies of other countries, including UK,[6][7] Germany,[8][9][10] Switzerland,[11] Austria,[12] Italy,[7] Australia,[7] New Zealand,[13][14] Finland,[15] Kenya,[16] Israel[17] repeated similar advice in the following days.[18][19]

German,[9] Austrian[20], Finnish[15] and Bulgarian [21] embassies were temporarily relocated in southern parts of Japan.

Other reactions

  • France France – On 18 March, France was reported to be shipping iodide tablets to French Polynesia as a preventative measure, in light of the fallout cloud drifting across the Pacific.[25]
  • Hong Kong Hong Kong – The HK Government issued a black outbound travel alert for Fukushima prefecture on 12 March urging to avoid all travel. The alert came in addition to the red outbound travel alert for the rest of Japan.[26]
  • Indonesia Indonesia – On 19 March 2011, Indonesia began screen passengers and luggage on direct flights from Japan for radiation. No radiation has been detected.[27]
  • Russia Russia – Russian authorities were reported on 15 March to be ready to evacuate the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin, if needed.[29]
  • Ukraine Ukraine – A Ukrainian group of specialists who were involved in the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster proposed liquid metal cooling with a low-melting and chemically neutral metal, such as tin, to cool the fuel rods even if they are molten or damaged. A team of Ukrainian nuclear specialists was reported on 17 March to be ready to fly out to realize this.[30]
  • United States United States – The United States launched Operation Tomodachi to assist the Japanese in their recovery. On 16 March, Voice of America reported that the US Embassy in Tokyo had advised Americans to evacuate to at least 80 km from the plant, or to stay indoors.[31] US officials have concluded that the Japanese warnings have been insufficient, and that, deliberately or not, they have understated the potential threat of what is taking place inside the nuclear facility, according to The New York Times[citation needed]. Gregory Jaczko, the chairman of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, earlier said he believed that all the water in the spent fuel pool at Unit 4 had boiled dry, leaving fuel rods stored there exposed. "We believe that radiation levels are extremely high, which could possibly impact the ability to take corrective measures," he told a Congressional committee.[32] United States government officials moved to allay fears of nuclear fallout, stating that people do not need to take or stockpile potassium iodide pills, after a spike in calls from the West Coast to health hotlines, and runs at pharmacies with people buying the iodine tablets on the Pacific Coast.[33][34][35]

Re-evaluation of existing nuclear energy programs

Americas

  • Chile Chile – In Chile, Emol reported on 16 March there has been much controversy over the installation of nuclear power plants, following the Chilean Government report that is was ready to sign a cooperation agreement with the United States Government on Nuclear Energy. The opposition urged a meeting on the plans with the Minister of Mines and Energy, Laurence Golborne.[40]
  • United States United States – The New York Times stated in an editorial on 14 March that "the unfolding Japanese tragedy also should prompt Americans to closely study our own plans for coping with natural disasters and with potential nuclear plant accidents to make sure they are, indeed, strong enough. We've already seen how poor defenses left New Orleans vulnerable to Hurricane Katrina and how industrial folly and hubris led to a devastating blowout and oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico".[41] Mark Hibbs, a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment's Nuclear Policy Program, reiterated on 14 March that "This was a wake-up call for anyone who believed that, after 50 years of nuclear power in this world, we have figured it out and can go back to business as usual."[42]
  • Venezuela Venezuela – Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez announced a halt to freeze all nuclear power development projects for peaceful means, which included design of a nuclear power plant for which a contract had been made with Russia.[43]

Asia & Pacific

  • Australia Australia – The Prime Minister of Australia, Julia Gillard, stated in Melbourne, "I don't see nuclear energy as part of our future. We are blessed with abundant sources of renewable energy, of clean energy, of solar, wind, tide, hot rocks. That's our future, not nuclear..." [44] per a Reuters report of 22 March 2011. Australia has no nuclear power stations.
  • China China – ZSR reported on 14 March that During a News Conference of the Annual Meeting of National People’s Congress of China, the Deputy Chief of Environmental Protection Authority of China, Mr Lijun Zhang had said: "We are concerned about the damage of the Nuclear Facility of Japan, concerned about the further development of this issue, we will learn from it, and will take it into account when we make strategic planning for the nuclear energy development in the future. However, our decision on development of more nuclear power plants and current arrangement on nuclear energy development will not be changed."[45] On 16 March, China froze nuclear plant approvals.[46]
  • India India – The Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh, ordered the Nuclear Power Corporation of India to review the safety systems and designs of all the nuclear power reactors on 15 March.[citation needed] The Government of India was reported on 15 March to also be looking to put in place additional environmental safeguards to ensure safety of newly proposed nuclear reactors.[47] Nuclear Power Corporation of India said on 14 March that the nuclear power stations in India survived the earthquake of Bhuj in 2001 and the 2004 Asian tsunami but there was "no room for complacency".[48]
  • Pakistan Pakistan– The Government of Pakistan ordered the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) to check and review the power plants security, system, and designs of all the atomic power reactors in the country.[52] The Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA) issued safety guidelines in plants, and ordered to re-evaluate the designs of KANUPP-II and Chashman nuclear power complex in Chashman city, Pakistan today reported on 16 March 2011.[53] The PAEC is continuously monitoring the flow of events in nuclear plants in Japan in the wake of the recent earthquake and tsunami there, APP concluded on 16 March 2011.[54] According to the Jang News, Pakistan offered Japan to provide technical assistance to control to their nuclear radiation. On March 20, 2011, Jang News reported that scientists from PNRA and PAEC are ready to leave for Japan as soon as IAEA gives an approval.[55] Japanese officials have accepted the Pakistan's offer, however, due to IAEA laws, both countries needs an approval from IAEA for such cooperation.[55] According to the Foreign Office of Pakistan, Pakistani scientists are ready to leave for Japan as soon as IAEA gives an approval for such technical assistance.[55]

Europe

  • European Union European Union – In an interview on ORF2, Austrian Environment Minister Nikolaus Berlakovich said that he would enter a request at the environmental meeting in Brussels on 14 March 2011 for a review of reactor safety. He emphasized both coolant and containment and compared these measures to reviews of the financial system after the banking crisis of 2008.[57]
  • On 23 March a European Union-wide stress test was announced after an emergency meeting of the European Council of Ministers on Energy. All 143 nuclear power plants in the Union were planned to be subject to an assessment and it was also hoped plants of neighbouring countries were taken into account. The evaluation would include "vulnerability to seismic events, their exposure to flooding, as well as man-made disasters (such as power cuts and terrorism), with special attention being paid to cooling and back-up systems."[59]
  • France France – In a letter dated March 23, Prime Minister Francois Fillon asked the Nuclear Safety Authority to carry out an 'open and transparent' audit each of its nuclear installations, looking at the risks of flood, earthquake, loss of power and cooling, and accident management processes, in order to identify any improvements that should be made in the light of lessons learned from Fukushima. The initial conclusions are expected by the end of 2011.[60] France conducted a more limited review following flooding at its Blayais Nuclear Power Plant in 1999.
  • Germany Germany – During the chancellorship of Gerhard Schröder, the social democratic-green government had decreed Germany's final retreat from using nuclear power by 2022, but the phase-out plan was delayed in late 2010, when during the chancellorship of Angela Merkel the conservative-liberal government decreed a 12-year delay of the schedule.[61] This delay provoked protests, including a human chain of 50,000 from Stuttgart to the nearby nuclear plant in Neckarwestheim. This protest had long been scheduled for 12 March, which now happened to be the day of the explosion of reactor block 1.[62] Anti-nuclear demonstrations on 12 March attracted 100 000 across Germany.[63] On 14 March 2011, in response to the renewed concern about the use of nuclear energy the Fukushima incident raised in the German public and in light of upcoming elections in three German states, Merkel declared a 3-months moratorium on the reactor lifespan extension passed in 2010.[64] As of 17 March 2011, it was not clear what Merkel's moratorium would mean in practice, but there was a possibility that older nuclear plants like Neckarwestheim I could be shut down for good.[64] On 15 March, the German government announced that it would temporarily shut down 7 of its 17 reactors, i.e. all reactors that went online before 1981.[65] Former proponents of nuclear energy such as Angela Merkel, Guido Westerwelle, Stefan Mappus have changed their positions,[66] yet 71% of the population believe that to be a tactical maneuvre related to upcoming state elections.[67] In the largest anti-nuclear demonstration ever held in Germany, some 250,000 people protested on 26 March under the slogan "Fukushima reminds - shut off all nuclear plants."[68]
  • Italy Italy – A moratorium on the construction of nuclear power plants was approved on 24 March by the Council of Ministers of Italy for a period of 1 year.[69]
  • Netherlands Netherlands – Maxime Verhagen, minister of Energy, Agriculture and Innovation, wrote in a letter to the Tweede Kamer that the expercience of Japan would be taken into account in the definition of the requirements for a new nuclear power plant to be built in 2015.[70] Prime minister Mark Rutte indicated on 18 March there were no plans to change operations at Borssele nuclear power plant and called the German moratorium curious (Dutch: merkwaardig).[71]
  • Slovakia Slovakia – The Slovak republic said in the week after the accidents it would continue with the construction of two new VVER 440/V-213 reactors (PWR) at the Mochovce Nuclear Power Plant. All blocks at the Mochovce plant, existing and under construction, shall be updated and modernised to withstand higher earthquakes than the current limit.[72][73]
  • Russia Russia – On 15 March, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin ordered officials to check Russian nuclear facilities and to review the country's ambitious plans to develop atomic energy amid Japan's nuclear crisis.[74]
  • Switzerland Switzerland – Swiss Federal Councillor Doris Leuthard announced on 14 March a freeze in the authorisation procedures for three new nuclear power plants, and ordered a safety review of the country's plants.[76]
  • United Kingdom United Kingdom – British Energy Minister Chris Huhne expressed on 16 March regret that that some European politicians were 'rushing to judgement' before assessments had been carried out, and said that it was too early to determine whether the willingness of the private sector to invest in new nuclear plants would be affected.[77]

Politics

In March 2011, more than 200,000 people took part in anti-nuclear protests in four large German cities, on the eve of state elections. Organisers called it the biggest anti-nuclear demonstration the country has seen, with police estimating that 100,000 people turned out in Berlin alone. Hamburg, Munich and Cologne also saw big demonstrations.[78][79]

Japan's nuclear disaster has resulted in an unprecedented surge of popularity for the anti-nuclear Green Party in Germany. In an historic victory on March 27, 2011, the Greens beat Chancellor Angela Merkel's party in the industrial state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, which the conservatives have held for 58 consecutive years. The Greens also beat their traditional allies, the Social Democrats. [80]

See also

References

  1. ^ 14 March 2011 (14 March 2011). "USS Ronald Reagan Exposed to Radiation". Navy Handbook. Retrieved 18 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ "Nuclear power comes under attack; solar stocks increase". pv magazine. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  3. ^ "Ökostrom wird zum großen Renner" (in German). Handelsblatt. 16 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  4. ^ "Immer mehr Verbraucher wollen Ökostrom". Die Zeit (in German). 16 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  5. ^ "France advises citizens to leave Tokyo". Financial Times. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  6. ^ Japan earthquake: Britons told to consider Tokyo exit. BBC News. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  7. ^ a b c Britain joins countries urging their citizens to leave Tokyo | World news. The Guardian. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  8. ^ Germany To Move Japan Embassy To Osaka, Asks Germans To Exit Tokyo. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  9. ^ a b German embassy in Japan moved to Osaka amid nuclear fears. Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  10. ^ Germany asks its nationals in Tokyo to leave Japan. Hindustan Times. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  11. ^ Calmy-Rey advises Swiss to leave Japan danger areas. Swissinfo.ch (15 March 2011). Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  12. ^ Airlines scramble to get travelers out of Tokyo. MSNBC. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  13. ^ Consider leaving Tokyo, NZers told. NZ Herald. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  14. ^ UPDATED- NZers advised to consider leaving northern Japan, Tokyo | The National Business Review. Nbr.co.nz. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  15. ^ a b Finland Evacuates Embassy In Tokyo As Situation "Uncertain". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  16. ^ Africa Review – Kenya closes Tokyo embassy, citizens advised to leave. Africareview.com. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  17. ^ Medzini, Ronen (17 March 2011). "Israel calls on citizens to leave Japan". Ynetnews. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  18. ^ Foreign Embassies Urge Relocations on Japan Nuclear Crisis. Bloomberg. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  19. ^ More governments advising citizens to leave Tokyo. The Associated Press, Google. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  20. ^ The Canadian Press: Austria moves its embassy from Tokyo to Osaka over nuclear concerns. Associated press. Retrieved on 19 March 2011.
  21. ^ [1]
  22. ^ "Advice on exposure to radiation arising from nuclear incidents in Japan – 17 March 2011: TIME: 1130". Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency. 17 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  23. ^ Canadian Press (Tuesday 15 March 2011 15:24 PT). "No radiation harm in Canada, Harper says". CTV British Columbia. Retrieved 17 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ "Iodine supplements selling out". CTV. Tue 15 Mar. 2011 17:19:50. Retrieved 17 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ Patrick Antoine Decloitre (18 March 2011). "France sends iodine tablets to Pacific in wake of Japanese nuclear crisis". Pacific.Scoop. Retrieved 17 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Text "NZST]]" ignored (help)
  26. ^ "Hong Kong issues Black Travel Alert for Japan (Fukushima Prefecture)". 12 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  27. ^ Indonesia screens Japan travellers for radiation” AFP 19 March 2011
  28. ^ "일본 "붕소 지원해달라"…한국 "재고 모자라도 주겠다"". Chosun (in Korean). 16 March 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  29. ^ AFP. "AFP: Russia ready to 'evacuate islands' over Japan risk". Google. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  30. ^ Ukraine advises Japan to use tin to cool Fukushima reactor KyivPost
  31. ^ "US Urges Citizens to Get Away from Japan Nuclear Plant". Voice of America. 16 March 2011.
  32. ^ BBC LIVE: Japan "BBC LIVE: Japan"
  33. ^ POSTED: 11:40 am PDT 17 March 2011 (28 June 2007). "Health Officials: Local Residents Don't Need Iodide Tablets – San Diego News Story". 10news.com. Retrieved 18 March 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  34. ^ "Experts: No radiation worry for West Coast". MSNBC. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  35. ^ 17 March 2011 (11 March 2011). "RSC scientists warn against US potassium iodide panic buying". The Engineer. Retrieved 18 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  36. ^ Posted: 14 Mar 2011 4:09 pm ET (14 March 2011). "Japan quake triggers Ont. nuclear safety debate – Toronto –". CBC News. Retrieved 18 March 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ "CTV Toronto – Leak at Pickering nuclear plant poses no threat: OPG". CTV News. 23 November 2010. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  38. ^ "CTV Toronto – Group questions nuclear safety after Pickering leak". CTV News. 11 September 2001. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  39. ^ William Marsden (16 March 2011). "Gentilly 2 reactor sits on fault line". The Gazette (Montreal). Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  40. ^ "Concertación inicia fuerte ofensiva ante acuerdo nuclear del Gobierno con EE.UU" (in Spanish). Emol.com. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  41. ^ "Editorial". NY Times. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  42. ^ "Japan's nuke threat 'a wake-up call' for the U.S. –". USA Today. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  43. ^ Rodriguez, Corina (16 March 2011). "Chavez Halts Venezuela Nuclear Plans After Japanese Crisis". Bloomberg. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  44. ^ "Australia weighs nuclear push after Japan crisis". Reuters. Retrieved 28 March 2011.
  45. ^ "中国启动沿海核安全监测装置 防日本核泄漏" (in Chinese). zsr. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  46. ^ By the CNN Wire Staff. "China freezes nuclear plant approvals". CNN. Retrieved 16 March 2011. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  47. ^ PTI. "Govt to review safety at nuclear plants: Ramesh". The Times of India. Retrieved 15 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Text "15 Mar 2011, 01.20 pm IST" ignored (help)
  48. ^ Sujay Mehdudia (14 March 2011). "News / National : Indian nuclear plants 'safe' but no room for complacency: NPCIL". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  49. ^ Israel Prime Minister Netanyahu: Japan situation has "caused me to reconsider" nuclear power Piers Morgan on CNN, published17 March 2011, accessed 17 March 2011
  50. ^ Israeli PM cancels plan to build nuclear plant xinhuanet.com, published 18 March 2011, accessed 17 March 2011
  51. ^ "Netanyahu: We'll reconsider nuclear power plans". Ynetnews. 18 March 2011. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); Text "http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4043982,00.html" ignored (help)
  52. ^ APP. "Nuclear power plants in the country are functioning safely". Associated Press of Pakistan. Retrieved 16 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Text "15 Mar 2011" ignored (help)
  53. ^ Shaiq Hussain. "Karachi, Chashma N-plants safe: PAEC". Pakistan Times. Retrieved 16 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Text "16 Mar 2011" ignored (help)
  54. ^ The Financial Daily. "Pakistan's nuclear power plants safe: PAEC". The Financial Daily. Retrieved 16 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Text "16 Mar 2011" ignored (help)
  55. ^ a b c Eqdas, Farouq (March 20, 2011). "Japan accepted Pakistan's offer to control the nuclear radiation and recovery assistance". Jang News (in Urdu language). Islamabad: Jang Group of Newspapers. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  56. ^ "Turkey's Erdogan Pays Visit To Tatarstan". Rferl.org. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  57. ^ "UN atomic watchdog mulling increased nuclear safety scrutiny after Japan's Fukushima disaster". AHN. 14 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  58. ^ Fiona Harvey and Terry Macalister. "Wind power cheaper than nuclear, says EU climate chief | Environment". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  59. ^ |title=Ministers authorise nuclear 'stress tests' |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Ministers_authorise_nuclear_stress_tests_2303111.html%7Cwork=World Nuclear News|date=23 March 2011|accessdate=25 March 2011}}
  60. ^ Le Premier Ministre demande à l’ASN d’auditer les installations nucléaires - Autorité de sûreté nucléaire Autorité de sûreté nucléaire, published 2011-03-24, accessed 26-03-24
  61. ^ "Germany Reconsiders Reactor Lifespan Extensions". DER SPIEGEL. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  62. ^ "Nuclear safety worries spread to Europe". Guardian UK. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  63. ^ "Nuclear power? No thanks (again)". The Economist. 15 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  64. ^ a b "AKW Neckarwestheim muss vom Netz". DER SPIEGEL. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  65. ^ Germany to shut down seven reactors temporarily, Hurriyet Daily News and Economic Review, 15 March 2011
  66. ^ "Nuclear backlash forces Merkel to rethink energy policy | Germany | Deutsche Welle | 14.03.2011". Dw-world.de. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  67. ^ "Umfrage: Wähler strafen Union für Atomkurs ab". DER SPIEGEL. 23 March 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  68. ^ "Rekord-Demos in Deutschland. Atomstreit trifft Koalition mit voller Wucht". DER SPIEGEL. 26 March 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  69. ^ "Italy announces nuclear moratorium". World Nuclear News. 24 March 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  70. ^ "Verhagen: Japanse ervaring met kerncentrale telt ook voor Nederland" (in Dutch). Trouw. 14 March 2011.
  71. ^ "'Besluit Merkel centrales merkwaardig'". nu.nl. 18 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help); Text "http://www.nu.nl/politiek/2471861/besluit-merkel-centrales-merkwaardig.html" ignored (help)
  72. ^ "Slovensko sa jadra nevzdá". SME. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
  73. ^ "Mochovce majú byť odolnejšie proti zemetraseniu". SME. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  74. ^ Reuters. "Reuters: Putin orders review of Russian nuclear plans". Reuters. Retrieved 15 March 2011. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  75. ^ From Al Goodman, CNN. "Spain orders review of nuclear power plants - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 18 March 2011. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  76. ^ Swiss Federal Council. "Energy Policy: The Federal Council orders a revision of decision processes after Fukushima (in French)". Swiss Federal Council. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
  77. ^ Chris Huhne: Japan is a risk to UK nuclear plans Daily Telegraph (UK), published16 March 2011, accessed 17 March 2011
  78. ^ "Anti-nuclear Germans protest on eve of state vote". Reuters. 26 March 2011.
  79. ^ Judy Dempsey (27 March 2011). "Merkel Loses Key German State on Nuclear Fears". New York Times.
  80. ^ Erik Kirschbaum (28 March 2011). "RPT-Germany's Greens come of age after Japan disaster". Reuters.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_reactions_to_the_Fukushima_Daiichi_nuclear_disaster&oldid=421240038"