Cold Bay Air Force Station

Cold Bay Air Force Station Cold Bay Long Range Radar Site
Part of Eleventh Air Force (PACAF)
Coordinates	55°15′47″N 162°53′10″W
Type	Air Force Station
Site information
Controlled by	United States Air Force
Site history
Built	1958
In use	1959-Present
Garrison information
Garrison	714th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (1954-1983)

Cold Bay AFS

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Location of Cold Bay AFS, Alaska

See Cold Bay Airport for the civilian airport and former Army/Air Force Base

Cold Bay Air Force Station (AAC ID: F-26, LRR ID: A-08) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 625 miles (1,006 km) southwest of Anchorage, Alaska.

The ground control intercept (GCI) station F-26 was closed on 1 November 1983. A new minimally attended Long Range Radar (LRR) site, A-08 was built about 5 miles to the southeast of the closed Air Force Station as part of the Alaska Radar System. Today, it remains active as part of the Alaska NORAD Region under the jurisdiction of the 611th Air Support Group, Elmendorf AFB, Alaska.

History

Cold Bay AFS was a continental defence radar station constructed to provide the United States Air Force early warning of an attack by the Soviet Union on Alaska.

Planning for a surveillance station at Cold Bay began in July 1956 and construction commenced later that year. Not part of the first 25 Aircraft Control and Warning (AC&W) radar stations, Cold Bay AFS was added as part of the Aleutian extension of the Distant Early Warning Line (DEW Line). The radar station and support base was located at the southest end of the Aleutian Peninsula, about 7 miles west-northwest of the former Fort Randal Army Base (later Thornbrough Air Force Base). The airport facilities were used as a logitics support terminal during the construction of the site, which was completed in September 1958.

The station consisted of a power/heating plant, water and fuel storage tanks, gymnasium and other support office buildings. Two other buildings contained living quarters, work areas, and recreational facilities plus opportunities for such sports as skiing, skating, horseshoes, and basketball. The station buildings were, except for the civil engineering building connected by heated hallways. As a result, personnel stationed there, with only very few exceptions, were able to wear "summer" uniforms year round, unless they had a need to go outside during the winter season. The coverings of the station's three radar towers were heated from within to keep the covering from becoming brittle from extreme cold, and thus subject to being damaged or destroyed by high winds. Tours at the station were limited to one year because of the psychological strain and physical hardships.

The 714th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, activated in April 1958 operated AN/FPS-3, AN/FPS-20A, and AN/FPS-6(-90) Cold Bay AFS operated as a long-range surveillance radar station which provided information 24/7 to the air defense Direction Center at Fire Island AFS where it was analyzed to determine range, direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile. An AN/FYQ-9 Semiautomatic Data Processing and Display System was installed and became operational in July 1965, eliminating the need to pass track data manually.

Communications were initially provided by a high frequency radio system which proved unreliable because of atmospheric disturbances. The Alaskan Air Command, after investigating various options, decided to build the White Alice Communications System, a system of Air Force-owned tropospheric scatter and microwave radio relay sites operated by the Air Force Communications Service (AFCS). The Cold Bay site, located next to the radars, was activated in 1958. It was inactivated in 1979, and replaced by an Alascom owned and operated satellite earth terminal as part of an Air Force plan to divest itself of the obsolete White Alice Communications System and transfer the responsibility to a commercial firm.

Over the years, the equipment at the station was upgraded or modified to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the information gathered by the radars. In 1982, a new AN/FPS-117 minimally attended radar under Alaskan Air Command's Seek Igloo program was constructed about 2 miles southeast of the station 55°14′43″N 162°46′10″W. It was designed to transmit aircraft tracking data via satellite to the Alaskan NORAD Regional Operations Control Center (ROCC) at Elmendorf AFB.

No longer needed, the 714th ACWS was inactivated on 1 November 1983. In 1990, jurisdiction of the the Cold Bay LRR Site was transferred to Eleventh Air Force with the re-designation of AAC.

In 1998 Pacific Air Forces initiated "Operation Clean Sweep", in which abandoned Cold War stations in Alaska were remediated and the land restored to it's previous state. After years of neglect the facilities at the station had lost any value they had when the site was closed. The site remediation was carried out by the 611th Civil Engineering Squadron at Elmendorf AFB, and remediation work was completed by 2005.

Current status

Today very little of of the former Cold Bay Air Force Station remains. The site is controlled by the Pacific Air Forces 611th Air Support Group, based at Elmendorf AFB. It is generally unattended; a few civilian contractors access the Cold Bay LRR Site via the Cold Bay Airport for maintaining the facilities.

Air Force units and assignments

Units:

• 714th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 1958-1983

Assignments:

• 10th Air Division

Detached sites

The 714th was a unique AC&W squadron, with it's support for DEW Line stations in the Aleutians between 1959 and 1969. It was the only one that covered such a large area. It had five manned detachments at remote sites, each located about 130 miles apart stretching from just west of King Salmon all the way to Nikolski Island, about halfway to Shemya. In effect, they were responsible for radar coverage for all of the Aleutian Peninsula as well as the major Aleutian Islands. No other squadron had such a mission. Each site had a AN/FPS-19 search radar and troposcatter radio relay.

Staffing at the detachments included 3 cooks, one water treatment tech, one electrician, an admin/crypto specialist, one vehicle maintenence tech, the commander, three radio techs, a supply tech, a first Sgt, three radar techs, three power production techs and the remainder scope operators. These detachments were located at:

• Detachment 1, Nikolski, COB-1 52°58′19″N 168°51′14″W
• Detachment 2, Driftwood Bay, COB-2 53°58′28″N 166°54′18″W
• Detachment 3, Cape Sarichef, COB-3 54°35′32″N 164°52′34″W
• Detachment 4, Port Moller, COB-4 55°58′41″N 160°30′01″W
• Detachment 5, Port Heiden, COB-5 56°58′38″N 158°39′09″W

Each detachment was manned by 24 enlisted, one officer and in some instances a civilian technical representative. The manning of the squadron and the detachments was part of a "minimum manning" experiment. If you were assigned to a detachment you stayed there 365 without leave. Only way to leave early was due to severe sickness or a major emergency at home such as death of immediate family member.

See also

• Alaskan Air Command

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Alaskan Air Defenses
• Cold Bay AFS, AK