Douglas B-18 Bolo: Difference between revisions
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* [[United States Army Air Corps]]/[[United States Army Air Forces]] |
* [[United States Army Air Corps]]/[[United States Army Air Forces]] |
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: 2d Bombardment Group |
: 2d Bombardment Group, Langley Field, Virginia |
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: 5th Bombardment Group |
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: 5th Bombardment Group, Hickam Field, Hawaii (B-18)** |
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: 6th Bombardment Group, Rio Hato Airfield, Panama, (B-18/B-18A) |
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: 7th Bombardment Group, Hamilton Field, California, (B-18) |
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: 5th Bombardment Group, Luke Field, Oahu, Hawaii Territory (B-18)** |
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: 9th Bombardment Group, Trinidad, St. Lucia, and Surinam (B-18/B-18A) |
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: 11th Bombardment Group, Hickam Field, Hawaii Territory (B-18)** |
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: 19th Bombardment Group, Clark Field, Philippines Commonwealth** |
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: 28th Bombardment Squadron |
:: 28th Bombardment Squadron, Clark Field, (B-18) |
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<small>**Note: Most aircraft destroyed 7/8 December 1941 at outbreak of World War II</small> |
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==Survivors== |
==Survivors== |
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Revision as of 22:32, 14 May 2010
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2009) |
| B-18 Bolo | |
|---|---|
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| |
| B-18A | |
| Role | Light bomber |
| Manufacturer | Douglas Aircraft Company |
| First flight | April 1935 |
| Introduction | 1936 |
| Retired | 1940s |
| Primary users | United States Army Air Corps United States Army Air Forces Royal Canadian Air Force Brazilian Air Force |
| Produced | 1936- |
| Number built | 350 |
| Developed from | Douglas DC-2 |
| Variants | Douglas XB-22 |
The Douglas B-18 Bolo was a United States Army Air Corps and Royal Canadian Air Force bomber of the late 1930s and early 1940s. The Bolo was built by Douglas Aircraft Company and based on its DC-2. Although not the latest or most advanced design, the B-18 was pressed into service where it performed wartime patrol duties early in World War II.
Design and development
In 1934, the United States Army Air Corps put out a request for a bomber with double the bomb load and range of the Martin B-10, which was just entering service as the Army's standard bomber. In the evaluation at Wright Field the following year, Douglas showed its DB-1. It competed with the Boeing Model 299 (later the B-17 Flying Fortress) and Martin Model 146. While the Boeing design was clearly superior, the crash of the B-17 prototype (caused by taking off with the controls locked) removed it from consideration. During the depths of the Great Depression, the lower price of the DB-1 ($58,500 vs. $99,620 for the Model 299) also counted in its favor. The Douglas design was ordered into immediate production in January 1936 as the B-18.
The DB-1 design was essentially that of the DC-2, with several modifications. The wingspan was 4.5 ft (1.4 m) greater. The fuselage was deeper, to better accommodate bombs and the six-member crew; the wings were fixed in the middle of the cross-section rather than to the bottom, but this was due to the deeper fuselage. Added armament included nose, dorsal, and ventral gun turrets.
Operational history
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The initial contract called for 133 B-18s (including DB-1), using Wright R-1820 radial engines. The last B-18 of the run, designated DB-2 by the company, had a power-operated nose turret. This design did not become standard. Additional contracts in 1937 (177 aircraft) and 1938 (40 aircraft) were for the B-18A, which had the bombardier's position further forward over the nose-gunner's station. The B-18A also used more powerful engines.
By 1940, most US Army Air Force bomber squadrons were equipped with B-18s or B-18As. Many of those in the 5th Bomb Group and 11th Bomb Group in Hawaii were destroyed in the attack on Pearl Harbor. B-17s supplanted B-18s in first-line service in 1942. Following this, 122 B-18As were modified for anti-submarine warfare. The bombardier was replaced by a search radar with a large radome. Magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) equipment was sometimes housed in a tail boom. These aircraft, designated B-18B, were used in the Caribbean on anti-submarine patrol. Two aircraft were transferred to Força Aérea Brasileira in 1942. The Royal Canadian Air Force acquired 20 B-18As (designated the Douglas Digby Mark I), and also used them for patrol duties.
On 2 October 1942, a B-18A depth charged and sank the German U-boat U-512 north of Cayenne, French Guiana.[1] Bolos and Digbys sank an additional two submarines during the course of the war. RCAF Eastern Air Command (EAC) Digbys carried out 11 attacks on U-boats. U-520 was confirmed sunk by Flying Officer F. Raymes' crew of No 10 (BR) Sqn, on 30 October 1942.[2] east of Newfoundland.[3]
Variants
- DB-1
- Prototype, first of B-18 production run, 1 built.
- B-18
- Initial production version, 131 or 133 built.[4]
- B-18M
- Bomb gear removed from B-18 to serve as trainer.
- DB-2
- Powered nose turret prototype; last of B-18 production run, 1 built.
- B-18A
- B-18 with more powerful Wright R-1820-53 engines and moved bombardier's station, 217 built.[5]
- B-18AM
- Bomb gear removed from B-18A to serve as trainer.
- B-18B
- Antisubmarine conversion, 122 converted.[6]
- B-18C
- Antisubmarine conversion, 2 converted. Fixed forward-firing .50 cal machine gun, starboard side of the fuselage near lower nose glass
- XB-22
- Improvement on B-18 using Wright R-2600-3 radial engines (1,600 hp/1,194 kW). Never built, largely due to better light bombers such as the B-23 Dragon.[7]
- C-58
- Transport conversion.
- Digby I
- Royal Canadian Air Force modification of B-18A.
Operators
- Brazilian Air Force (3 examples)
- 2d Bombardment Group, Langley Field, Virginia
- 21st Reconnaissance Squadron, Langley Field (B-18A)
- 5th Bombardment Group, Hickam Field, Hawaii (B-18)**
- 6th Bombardment Group, Rio Hato Airfield, Panama, (B-18/B-18A)
- 7th Bombardment Group, Hamilton Field, California, (B-18)
- 5th Bombardment Group, Luke Field, Oahu, Hawaii Territory (B-18)**
- 9th Bombardment Group, Trinidad, St. Lucia, and Surinam (B-18/B-18A)
- 11th Bombardment Group, Hickam Field, Hawaii Territory (B-18)**
- 19th Bombardment Group, Clark Field, Philippines Commonwealth**
- 28th Bombardment Squadron, Clark Field, (B-18)
- 38th Reconnaissance Squadron, Mitchel Field (B-18)
**Note: Most aircraft destroyed 7/8 December 1941 at outbreak of World War II
Survivors
Only six B-18s still exist, five of which are preserved in museums in the United States:[8]
- B-18 s/n 36-446
- Sitting in a gulch on Laupahoehoe Nui LLC property, Hamakua, Hawaii.
- B-18 s/n 37-0029
- On display at Castle Air Museum, Atwater, California.
- B-18A s/n 39-25/64
- On display at Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum, Denver, Colorado.
- B-18A s/n 37-469
- On display at National Museum of the United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. This aircraft has an incorrect dorsal turret. The museum has been attempting to locate a correct turret for this aircraft for many years.[9]
- B-18B s/n 37-505
- On display at McChord Air Museum, McChord AFB, Washington.
- B-18B s/n 38-593
- On display at Pima Air & Space Museum Tucson, Arizona.
Specifications (B-18A)
Data from McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920 [10]
General characteristics
- Crew: 6
Performance
- Climb to 10,000 ft (3,050 m): 9.9 min
Armament
- Guns: 3 × .30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns
- Bombs: 4,400 lb (2,000 kg)
See also
Related development
Related lists
References
- Notes
- ^ Uboat.net: B-18 sinks U-512
- ^ Douglas Digby
- ^ Uboat.net: Canadian Digby sinks U-520
- ^ B-18 entry at the National Museum of the USAF website
- ^ B-18A entry at the National Museum of the USAF website
- ^ B-18B entry at the National Museum of the USAF website
- ^ XB-22 entry at the National Museum of the USAF website
- ^ AeroWebs: List of survivor B-18s on display
- ^ Museum placard
- ^ Francillon 1979, pp. 208–209.
- Bibliography
- Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920. London: Putnam, 1979. ISBN 0-87021-428-4.
- Francillon, René. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920: Volume I. Annapolis, Md. : Naval Institute Press, 1988. ISBN 0-87021-428-4.
- Gradidge, Jennifer M. The Douglas DC-1, DC-2, DC-3 - The First Seventy Years (two volumes), Tunbridge Wells, Kent, UK: Air-Britain, 2006. ISBN 0-85130-332-3.
- Kostenuk, Samuel and John Griffin. RCAF Squadron Histories and Aircraft: 1924–1968. Toronto: Samuel Stevens, Hakkert & Company, 1977. ISBN 0-88866-577-6.
External links
