Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[Image:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_De_Istiqlal_moskee_in_aanbouw_en_de_kathedraal_TMnr_20025717.jpg|thumb|left|Istiqlal mosque under construction. On the right side is the [[Jakarta Cathedral]]]] |
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After the [[Indonesian National Revolution]] 1945-1949, followed by the acknowledgement of the independence [[Indonesia]] from [[Netherlands|The Netherlands]] in 1949, there was a growing idea to build a [[national mosque]] for this new republic, befitting for a country with the largest [[Islam|Muslim]] population in the world. The idea of constructing a grand Indonesian national mosque was launched by [[Wahid Hasyim|KH. Wahid Hasyim]], Indonesia's first minister for religions affairs,and Anwar Cokroaminoto, later appointed as the chairman of the Masjid Istiqlal Foundation. The committee for the construction of the Istiqlal Mosque, |
After the [[Indonesian National Revolution]] 1945-1949, followed by the acknowledgement of the independence [[Indonesia]] from [[Netherlands|The Netherlands]] in 1949, there was a growing idea to build a [[national mosque]] for this new republic, befitting for a country with the largest [[Islam|Muslim]] population in the world. The idea of constructing a grand Indonesian national mosque was launched by [[Wahid Hasyim|KH. Wahid Hasyim]], Indonesia's first minister for religions affairs,and Anwar Cokroaminoto, later appointed as the chairman of the Masjid Istiqlal Foundation. The committee for the construction of the Istiqlal Mosque, led by Anwar Cokroaminoto, was founded in 1953. Anwar proposed the idea of a national mosque to Indonesian President [[Sukarno]], who welcomed the idea and later helped to supervise the construction of the mosque. In 1954, the committee appointed Sukarno technical chief supervisor. |
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Sukarno actively followed the planning and construction of the mosque, including acting as the chairman of the jury for the mosque design competition held in 1955. The design submitted by Frederich Silaban, a Christian architect, with the theme: "Ketuhanan" (Indonesian: Divinity) was chosen as the winner. The foundation stone was laid by Sukarno on 24 August 1961<ref>Dept of Foreign Affairs (1962), ''Indonesia 1962'', Jakarta, No ISBN</ref> and the construction took 17 years. Indonesian president [[Suharto]] inaugurated the Indonesian national mosque on 22 February 1978.<ref>Indonesian State Secretariat (1995), ''40 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka, Jilid 3'' (''40 Years of Indonesian Independence, Volume 3''), p1035, ISBN 979-8300-06-8</ref> It is still the largest mosque in the region: more than 120,000 people can congregate at the mosque at the same time. |
Sukarno actively followed the planning and construction of the mosque, including acting as the chairman of the jury for the mosque design competition held in 1955. The design submitted by Frederich Silaban, a Christian architect, with the theme: "Ketuhanan" (Indonesian: Divinity) was chosen as the winner. The foundation stone was laid by Sukarno on 24 August 1961<ref>Dept of Foreign Affairs (1962), ''Indonesia 1962'', Jakarta, No ISBN</ref> and the construction took 17 years. Indonesian president [[Suharto]] inaugurated the Indonesian national mosque on 22 February 1978.<ref>Indonesian State Secretariat (1995), ''40 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka, Jilid 3'' (''40 Years of Indonesian Independence, Volume 3''), p1035, ISBN 979-8300-06-8</ref> It is still the largest mosque in the region: more than 120,000 people can congregate at the mosque at the same time. |
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==Structure== |
==Structure== |
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[[Image:Istiqlal Mosque |
[[Image:Istiqlal Mosque.jpg|thumb|left|Istiqlal Mosque]] |
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The rectangular main prayer hall building is covered by a 45 meter diameter central spherical dome. The dome is supported by twelve round columns and the prayer hall is surrounded by rectangular piers carrying four levels of balcony. Staircases at the corners of the building give access to all floors. The main hall is reached through an entrance covered by a dome 10 meters in diameter. The interior design is minimalist, simple and clean cut, with minimal adornment of aluminium geometric ornaments. The 12 columns are covered with aluminium plates. On the main wall on [[qibla]] there is a [[mihrab]] and [[minbar]] in the center. On the main wall, there is a large metalwork of Arabic calligraphy spelling the name of [[Allah]] on the right side and [[Muhammad]] on the left side, and also the calligraphy of Surah Thaha 14th verse in the center. |
The rectangular main prayer hall building is covered by a 45 meter diameter central spherical dome. The dome is supported by twelve round columns and the prayer hall is surrounded by rectangular piers carrying four levels of balcony. Staircases at the corners of the building give access to all floors. The main hall is reached through an entrance covered by a dome 10 meters in diameter. The interior design is minimalist, simple and clean cut, with minimal adornment of aluminium geometric ornaments. The 12 columns are covered with aluminium plates. On the main wall on [[qibla]] there is a [[mihrab]] and [[minbar]] in the center. On the main wall, there is a large metalwork of Arabic calligraphy spelling the name of [[Allah]] on the right side and [[Muhammad]] on the left side, and also the calligraphy of Surah Thaha 14th verse in the center. |
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[[Image:Istiqlal Interior.jpg|thumb|right|The interior of Istiqlal mosque; the grand domed prayer hall supported by 12 columns]] |
[[Image:Istiqlal Interior.jpg|thumb|right|The interior of Istiqlal mosque; the grand domed prayer hall supported by 12 columns]] |
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The latter structure is directly connected to the arcades which run around the large courtyard. The mosque also provides facilities for social and cultural activities, including lectures, exhibitions, seminars, conferences, bazaars and programmes for women, young people and children. |
The latter structure is directly connected to the arcades which run around the large courtyard. The mosque also provides facilities for social and cultural activities, including lectures, exhibitions, seminars, conferences, bazaars and programmes for women, young people and children. |
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Some [[Islam in Indonesia|Muslims in Indonesia]] said Istiqlal's [[dome]] and [[minaret]] structure was too Arabic in style. They regarded the architecture as being out of harmony with the Islamic culture and architecture in Indonesia. In response, former president [[Suharto]] began an initiative to construct more mosques of the [[Java]]nese triple-roofed design.<ref>{{cite news | first = Barbara | last = Crossette | title = A Neighborhood Tour of Jakarta | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE6DC163BF936A35754C0A961948260 | publisher = [[The New York Times]] | date = 1987-07-05 | accessdate = 2007-12-17}}</ref> |
Some [[Islam in Indonesia|Muslims in Indonesia]] said Istiqlal's [[dome]] and [[minaret]] structure was too Arabic in style. They regarded the architecture as being out of harmony with the Islamic culture and architecture in Indonesia. In response, former president [[Suharto]] began an initiative to construct more mosques of the [[Java]]nese triple-roofed design.<ref>{{cite news | first = Barbara | last = Crossette | title = A Neighborhood Tour of Jakarta | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE6DC163BF936A35754C0A961948260 | publisher = [[The New York Times]] | date = 1987-07-05 | accessdate = 2007-12-17}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 15:32, 19 January 2010
| Istiqlal Mosque | |
|---|---|
| File:Istiqlal Mosque Monas.jpg The alabaster marbled Istiqlal Mosque, the largest in Southeast Asia | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Islam |
| Location | |
| Location | Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Geographic coordinates | 6°10′11.40″S 106°49′51.40″E / 6.1698333°S 106.8309444°E |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Frederich Silaban |
| Type | Mosque |
| Completed | 22 February 1978 |
| Construction cost | 7 billion rupiah (USD 12 million) |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | > 120,000 |
| Dome(s) | 2 |
| Dome dia. (outer) | 45 m |
| Minaret(s) | 1 |
| Minaret height | 90 m |
| Website | |
| http://www.masjidistiqlal.com | |
Istiqlal Mosque, or Masjid Istiqlal, (Independence Mosque) in Jakarta, Indonesia is the largest mosque in Southeast Asia[1] in term of capacity to accommodate people. However in term of building structure and land coverage, Istiqlal is the largest in Southeast Asia. This national mosque of Indonesia was build to commemorate Indonesian independence, as nation's gratitude for God's blessings; the independence of Indonesia. Therefore the national mosque of Indonesia was named "Istiqlal", an Arabic word for "Independence".
History
After the Indonesian National Revolution 1945-1949, followed by the acknowledgement of the independence Indonesia from The Netherlands in 1949, there was a growing idea to build a national mosque for this new republic, befitting for a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. The idea of constructing a grand Indonesian national mosque was launched by KH. Wahid Hasyim, Indonesia's first minister for religions affairs,and Anwar Cokroaminoto, later appointed as the chairman of the Masjid Istiqlal Foundation. The committee for the construction of the Istiqlal Mosque, led by Anwar Cokroaminoto, was founded in 1953. Anwar proposed the idea of a national mosque to Indonesian President Sukarno, who welcomed the idea and later helped to supervise the construction of the mosque. In 1954, the committee appointed Sukarno technical chief supervisor.
Sukarno actively followed the planning and construction of the mosque, including acting as the chairman of the jury for the mosque design competition held in 1955. The design submitted by Frederich Silaban, a Christian architect, with the theme: "Ketuhanan" (Indonesian: Divinity) was chosen as the winner. The foundation stone was laid by Sukarno on 24 August 1961[2] and the construction took 17 years. Indonesian president Suharto inaugurated the Indonesian national mosque on 22 February 1978.[3] It is still the largest mosque in the region: more than 120,000 people can congregate at the mosque at the same time.
Structure
The rectangular main prayer hall building is covered by a 45 meter diameter central spherical dome. The dome is supported by twelve round columns and the prayer hall is surrounded by rectangular piers carrying four levels of balcony. Staircases at the corners of the building give access to all floors. The main hall is reached through an entrance covered by a dome 10 meters in diameter. The interior design is minimalist, simple and clean cut, with minimal adornment of aluminium geometric ornaments. The 12 columns are covered with aluminium plates. On the main wall on qibla there is a mihrab and minbar in the center. On the main wall, there is a large metalwork of Arabic calligraphy spelling the name of Allah on the right side and Muhammad on the left side, and also the calligraphy of Surah Thaha 14th verse in the center.
The latter structure is directly connected to the arcades which run around the large courtyard. The mosque also provides facilities for social and cultural activities, including lectures, exhibitions, seminars, conferences, bazaars and programmes for women, young people and children.
Some Muslims in Indonesia said Istiqlal's dome and minaret structure was too Arabic in style. They regarded the architecture as being out of harmony with the Islamic culture and architecture in Indonesia. In response, former president Suharto began an initiative to construct more mosques of the Javanese triple-roofed design.[4]
See also
- Timeline of Islamic history
- Islamic architecture
- Islamic art
- List of mosques in Asia
- Islam in Indonesia
- Indonesian architecture
References
- ^ Perlez, Jane (2002-08-23). "Jakarta Journal; A TV Preacher to Satisfy the Taste for Islam Lite". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
- ^ Dept of Foreign Affairs (1962), Indonesia 1962, Jakarta, No ISBN
- ^ Indonesian State Secretariat (1995), 40 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka, Jilid 3 (40 Years of Indonesian Independence, Volume 3), p1035, ISBN 979-8300-06-8
- ^ Crossette, Barbara (1987-07-05). "A Neighborhood Tour of Jakarta". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-12-17.