Salomea of Berg: Difference between revisions
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The Polish ruler [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]], after began to expand his domains in the [[Pomerelia]], decided to normalized his relations with his southern Bohemian neighbors. This took place in 1114 at a great convention on the border river [[Nysa Kłodzka]]. Participants included Bolesław III himself, as well as Bohemian Dukes of the Premyslid line: Vladislav I, Otto II the Black and [[Sobeslaus I, Duke of Bohemia|Soběslav I]]. Then was also decided that the Duke of Poland (then a widower) could married with the Swabian noblewoman Salomea, sister of the Duchesses of Bohemia and Olomouc. |
The Polish ruler [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]], after began to expand his domains in the [[Pomerelia]], decided to normalized his relations with his southern Bohemian neighbors. This took place in 1114 at a great convention on the border river [[Nysa Kłodzka]]. Participants included Bolesław III himself, as well as Bohemian Dukes of the Premyslid line: Vladislav I, Otto II the Black and [[Sobeslaus I, Duke of Bohemia|Soběslav I]]. Then was also decided that the Duke of Poland (then a widower) could married with the Swabian noblewoman Salomea, sister of the Duchesses of Bohemia and Olomouc. |
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The marriage negotiations, led by Bishop [[Otto of Bamberg]], ended successfully, and between March and July of 1115 took place the wedding of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg. By the end of that year, the new Duchess gave birth a son named Leszek, the first of the thirteen children who she bore to her husband. |
The marriage negotiations, led by Bishop [[Otto of Bamberg]], ended successfully, and between March and July of 1115 took place the wedding of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg. By the end of that year, the new Duchess gave birth a son named Leszek, the first of the thirteen children who she bore to her husband.<ref>[http://genealogy.euweb.cz/piast/piast1.html#B3 Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast]</ref> |
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Salomea began to participated actively in the Polish politics on behalf of her children; she was aware that the her stepson [[Władysław II the Exile|Władysław]] (Bolesław III's oldest son from his first marriage) will succeeded his father as sole ruler and her sons were at the mercy of his half-brother. In 1125 the powerful [[Piotr Włostowic]] was forced to resign his post of [[Count Palatine]]; the main instigator of this decision was probably Salomea, who replaced him with Wszebor, a man she considered more likely to support her and her sons against Władysław. |
Salomea began to participated actively in the Polish politics on behalf of her children; she was aware that the her stepson [[Władysław II the Exile|Władysław]] (Bolesław III's oldest son from his first marriage) will succeeded his father as sole ruler and her sons were at the mercy of his half-brother. In 1125 the powerful [[Piotr Włostowic]] was forced to resign his post of [[Count Palatine]]; the main instigator of this decision was probably Salomea, who replaced him with Wszebor, a man she considered more likely to support her and her sons against Władysław. |
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===Bolesław III's Testament=== |
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After Bolesław's death in 1138, she received the [[Łęczyca]] Land, as stipulated in [[Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty|Bolesław's last will]]. She died at her mansion in Łęczyca on July 27, 1144. |
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{{main|Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty}} |
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Bolesław III died on [[28 October]] [[1138]]. Before his death, in his will he divided the country between his sons. In addition Salomea received the town of [[Łęczyca]], several castles and towns throughout Poland (including [[Pajęczno]], [[Małogoszcz]], [[Radziejów]], [[Kwieciszewo]]) as her [http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprawa_wdowia ''Oprawa wdowia''] (Widow's seat); this was the first documented case where a Polish ruler leave to his widow her own piece of land. The terms of the ''Oprawa wdowia'' stated that the beneficiary could obtain the full sovereignty over the land for her life, and could loss it in two cases: if she remarried or became a nun (the self-resignation wasn't count). The youngest child of the couple, [[Casimir II the Just|Casimir]], wasn't assigned any province; it is speculated that he was born after Bolesław III's death. |
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===Later Years=== |
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From her domains in Łęczyca, the now Dowager Duchess continue her intrigues against the High Duke Władysław II. However, the hostilities only began openly in 1141, when Salomea, without the knowledge and consent of the High Duke, commenced to divide Łęczyca between her sons. Also, she tried to resolve the marriage of her youngest daughter Agnes and thus to find a suitable ally for her sons. The most appropriate candidate for a son-in-law had to be one of the sons of the Grand Prince of Kiev, Vsevolod II Olgovich. After hearing the news about the events in Łęczyca, Władysław II decided to make a quick response, as a result of which the Grand Duke of Kiev not only broke all his pacts with the Junior Dukes, but also arranged the betrothal of his daughter Zvenislava to Władysław's eldest son Boleslaw. The wedding took place one year later, in 1142. |
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Salomea died at her mansion in Łęczyca on 27 July 1144. In accordance with the will of Boleslaw III, her province of Łęczyca reverted to the Senoriate. Unexpectedly, her bitter enemy Piotr Włostowic allied with the Junior Dukes against the High Duke, who, after being captured and blinded Włostowic in 1145, was defeated and deposed. Salomea's older surviving son, [[Bolesław IV the Curly]] became in the new High Duke of Poland in 1146. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:1144 deaths]] |
[[Category:1144 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Princesses]] |
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[[cs:Salomena z Bergu]] |
[[cs:Salomena z Bergu]] |
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Revision as of 21:33, 8 October 2009
Salomea of Berg (Polish: Salomea z Bergu, Salomea Bergska, German: Salome von Berg-Schelklingen); b. ca. 1093/1101 - d. 27 July 1144), was a German noblewoman and by marriage Duchess of Poland.
She was the daughter of Henry, Count of Berg (near Ehingen in Swabia) by his wife Adelaide of Mochental.[1] According to some sources,[2] her paternal grandmother was Princess Sophia, only daughter of King Solomon of Hungary by his wife Judith of Swabia (later stepmother of Salome's husband), but this fact seems was now discarted by modern historiography.
The marriage of Salome's sister Richeza with Duke Vladislav I of Bohemia in 1110 changed the status of the relative obscure Count Henry of Berg in the political affairs. Another sister, Sophie married with another member of the Premyslid dynasty, Otto II the Black, Duke of Olomouc, in 1113.
Life
Marriage
The Polish ruler Bolesław III Wrymouth, after began to expand his domains in the Pomerelia, decided to normalized his relations with his southern Bohemian neighbors. This took place in 1114 at a great convention on the border river Nysa Kłodzka. Participants included Bolesław III himself, as well as Bohemian Dukes of the Premyslid line: Vladislav I, Otto II the Black and Soběslav I. Then was also decided that the Duke of Poland (then a widower) could married with the Swabian noblewoman Salomea, sister of the Duchesses of Bohemia and Olomouc.
The marriage negotiations, led by Bishop Otto of Bamberg, ended successfully, and between March and July of 1115 took place the wedding of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg. By the end of that year, the new Duchess gave birth a son named Leszek, the first of the thirteen children who she bore to her husband.[3]
Salomea began to participated actively in the Polish politics on behalf of her children; she was aware that the her stepson Władysław (Bolesław III's oldest son from his first marriage) will succeeded his father as sole ruler and her sons were at the mercy of his half-brother. In 1125 the powerful Piotr Włostowic was forced to resign his post of Count Palatine; the main instigator of this decision was probably Salomea, who replaced him with Wszebor, a man she considered more likely to support her and her sons against Władysław.
Bolesław III's Testament
Bolesław III died on 28 October 1138. Before his death, in his will he divided the country between his sons. In addition Salomea received the town of Łęczyca, several castles and towns throughout Poland (including Pajęczno, Małogoszcz, Radziejów, Kwieciszewo) as her Oprawa wdowia (Widow's seat); this was the first documented case where a Polish ruler leave to his widow her own piece of land. The terms of the Oprawa wdowia stated that the beneficiary could obtain the full sovereignty over the land for her life, and could loss it in two cases: if she remarried or became a nun (the self-resignation wasn't count). The youngest child of the couple, Casimir, wasn't assigned any province; it is speculated that he was born after Bolesław III's death.
Later Years
From her domains in Łęczyca, the now Dowager Duchess continue her intrigues against the High Duke Władysław II. However, the hostilities only began openly in 1141, when Salomea, without the knowledge and consent of the High Duke, commenced to divide Łęczyca between her sons. Also, she tried to resolve the marriage of her youngest daughter Agnes and thus to find a suitable ally for her sons. The most appropriate candidate for a son-in-law had to be one of the sons of the Grand Prince of Kiev, Vsevolod II Olgovich. After hearing the news about the events in Łęczyca, Władysław II decided to make a quick response, as a result of which the Grand Duke of Kiev not only broke all his pacts with the Junior Dukes, but also arranged the betrothal of his daughter Zvenislava to Władysław's eldest son Boleslaw. The wedding took place one year later, in 1142.
Salomea died at her mansion in Łęczyca on 27 July 1144. In accordance with the will of Boleslaw III, her province of Łęczyca reverted to the Senoriate. Unexpectedly, her bitter enemy Piotr Włostowic allied with the Junior Dukes against the High Duke, who, after being captured and blinded Włostowic in 1145, was defeated and deposed. Salomea's older surviving son, Bolesław IV the Curly became in the new High Duke of Poland in 1146.