Saint-Simon – Clastres Air Base: Difference between revisions
edited and expanded |
→German use during World War II: edited and expanded |
||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
{{underconstruction}} |
{{underconstruction}} |
||
===German use during World War II=== |
===German use during World War II=== |
||
Clastres Airport was a pre-[[World War II]] civil airport, consisting of a terminal, hangar, some support buildings and a grass airfield, serving the nearby city of [[Saint-Quentin]]. |
Clastres Airport was a pre-[[World War II]] civil airport, consisting of a terminal, hangar, some support buildings and a grass airfield, serving the nearby city of [[Saint-Quentin]]. It was seized by the Germans in June 1940 during the early part of the [[Battle of France]]. It was briefly used as a fighter airfield by Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27) and Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52) in early June 1940, participating in the [[Blitzkrieg]] against the French Army and British Expeditionary Force flying [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]]Es.<ref name="vit1">[http://www.ww2.dk The Luftwaffe, 1933-45]</ref> |
||
Clastres was unused during the balance of 1940 and 1941 and 1942. In 1943, the Germans laid down two 1800m all-weather concrete runways at the airport, aligned 05/23 and 10/29. Presumably this was due to the fortification of the [[Pas-de-Calais]], being believed by the Germans that when the Americans and British tried to land in France to open a Second Front, the airfield would have a key role in the defense of France. |
|||
In early February 1944, Clastres became a day interceptor airfield which housed fighters to attack the USAAF [[Eighth Air Force]] heavy bomber fleets attacking targets in Occupied Europe and Germany. Known units assigned (all from Luftlotte 3, Fliegerkorps IV):<ref name="vit1"/> |
|||
* Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) Feb-6 Jun 1944 [[Focke-Wulf Fw 190]]F/G |
|||
* Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1) 6 Jun-28 Aug 1944 [[Focke-Wulf Fw 190]]A |
|||
The Fw-190F/G were derivatives of the Fw-190A, however had been configured to have a dive-bombing capability. However, in the interceptor role, they were faster and had longer range than the Fw-190A. Previously not attacked by Allied bombers, Clastres came under frequent attack by by [[Ninth Air Force]] [[B-26 Marauder]] medium bombers and [[P-47 Thunderbolt]]s mostly with 500-pound General-Purpose bombs; unguided rockets and .50 caliber machine gun sweeps when [[Eighth Air Force]] heavy bombers ([[B-17]]s, [[B-24]]s) were within interception range of the Luftwaffe aircraft assigned to the base. The attacks were timed to have the maximum effect possible to keep the interceptors pinned down on the ground and be unable to attack the heavy bombers. Also the [[P-51 Mustang]] fighter-escort groups of [[Eighth Air Force]] would drop down on their return back to England and attack the base with a fighter sweep and attack any target of opportunity to be found at the airfield.<ref>Derived from information in USAAF Film "Target For Today" (available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkGL7vuC2A4)</ref> |
|||
Also, as part of [[Operation Quicksilver]], which was designed to deceive the Germans about where the invasion of France would take place, Clastres was attacked by Eighth Air Force [[B-17 Flying Fortress]] heavy bomber groups in early June 1949, just prior to the D-Day landings in Normandy.<ref>[http://airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/208/699.xml USAFHRA Document 00208699]</ref> |
|||
===American use=== |
===American use=== |
||
Revision as of 23:07, 28 September 2009
| Saint-Simon-Clastres Air Base Clastres Air Base (A-71) | |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 49°45′25.61″N 003°12′43.71″E / 49.7571139°N 3.2121417°E |
| Type | Military Airfield |
| Site information | |
| Controlled by | United States Army Air Forces United States Air Force |
| Site history | |
| In use | 1940-May 1945. 1950s-1960s |
| Materials | Concrete |
Saint-Simon-Clastres Air Base is an abandoned military airfield, which is located approximately 3km northwest of Clastres, approximately 116km north-northeast of Paris.
Its history begins before World War II, when it was originally a grass civil airdrome. During the German occupation of France (1940-1944), the Luftwaffe developed the airdrome into a major military airfield. Attacked frequently by Allied Air Forces, the Luftwaffe base was seized by Allied Ground Forces in September 1944 and was used as a Fighter and bomber base by the United States Army Air Force until the end of the war. It was redeveloped in the 1950s as a NATO Dispersed Operating Base, and was closed in 1967.
Today, it is mostly agricultural fields, and also a power-generating wind farm, with several electric generating windmills.
History
 | This article or section is in a state of significant expansion or restructuring. You are welcome to assist in its construction by editing it as well. If this article or section has not been edited in several days, please remove this template. If you are the editor who added this template and you are actively editing, please be sure to replace this template with {{in use}} during the active editing session. Click on the link for template parameters to use.
This article was last edited by Bwmoll3 (talk | contribs) 14 years ago. (Update timer) |
German use during World War II
Clastres Airport was a pre-World War II civil airport, consisting of a terminal, hangar, some support buildings and a grass airfield, serving the nearby city of Saint-Quentin. It was seized by the Germans in June 1940 during the early part of the Battle of France. It was briefly used as a fighter airfield by Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27) and Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52) in early June 1940, participating in the Blitzkrieg against the French Army and British Expeditionary Force flying Messerschmitt Bf 109Es.[1]
Clastres was unused during the balance of 1940 and 1941 and 1942. In 1943, the Germans laid down two 1800m all-weather concrete runways at the airport, aligned 05/23 and 10/29. Presumably this was due to the fortification of the Pas-de-Calais, being believed by the Germans that when the Americans and British tried to land in France to open a Second Front, the airfield would have a key role in the defense of France.
In early February 1944, Clastres became a day interceptor airfield which housed fighters to attack the USAAF Eighth Air Force heavy bomber fleets attacking targets in Occupied Europe and Germany. Known units assigned (all from Luftlotte 3, Fliegerkorps IV):[1]
- Schlachtgeschwader 4 (SG 4) Feb-6 Jun 1944 Focke-Wulf Fw 190F/G
- Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1) 6 Jun-28 Aug 1944 Focke-Wulf Fw 190A
The Fw-190F/G were derivatives of the Fw-190A, however had been configured to have a dive-bombing capability. However, in the interceptor role, they were faster and had longer range than the Fw-190A. Previously not attacked by Allied bombers, Clastres came under frequent attack by by Ninth Air Force B-26 Marauder medium bombers and P-47 Thunderbolts mostly with 500-pound General-Purpose bombs; unguided rockets and .50 caliber machine gun sweeps when Eighth Air Force heavy bombers (B-17s, B-24s) were within interception range of the Luftwaffe aircraft assigned to the base. The attacks were timed to have the maximum effect possible to keep the interceptors pinned down on the ground and be unable to attack the heavy bombers. Also the P-51 Mustang fighter-escort groups of Eighth Air Force would drop down on their return back to England and attack the base with a fighter sweep and attack any target of opportunity to be found at the airfield.[2]
Also, as part of Operation Quicksilver, which was designed to deceive the Germans about where the invasion of France would take place, Clastres was attacked by Eighth Air Force B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bomber groups in early June 1949, just prior to the D-Day landings in Normandy.[3]
American use
During World War II the air base was used by the United States Army Air Force. Known as landing field A-71, Clastres Airfield was an all-weather temporary field built by the IX Engineer Command using Pierced Steel Planking for runways and parking areas, as well as for dispersal sites. In addition, tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure; a dump for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums, along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting. It hosted the following known units:
- 17th Bombardment Group, 3 Oct-Nov 1945, B-26 Marauder (12th Air Force)
- 320th Bombardment Group, 3 Oct-Nov 1945, B-26 Marauder (12th Air Force)
- 323d Bombardment Group, 3 Oct-Dec 1945, B-26 Marauder, (9th Air Force)
- 387th Bombardment Group, 30 Oct 1944-29 Apr 1945, B-26 Marauder (9th Air Force)
- 367th Fighter Group, 8 Sep 1944-28 Oct 1944, P-38 Lightning (9th Air Force)
When the Americans left after the war, the airfield was closed and placed in reserve status. Except for short periods of activation during exercises during the Cold War, the base has seen little use.
References
- ^ a b The Luftwaffe, 1933-45
- ^ Derived from information in USAAF Film "Target For Today" (available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkGL7vuC2A4)
- ^ USAFHRA Document 00208699
- ^
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.
- Mauer, Mauer (1969), Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II, Air Force Historical Studies Office, Maxwell AFB, Alabama. ISBN 0892010975
- Johnson, David C. (1988), U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO), D-Day to V-E Day; Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama.
