Duke of Silesia: Difference between revisions
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In 1666 Opole was annexed by the House of [[Habsburg]] as Kings of Bohemia. |
In 1666 Opole was annexed by the House of [[Habsburg]] as Kings of Bohemia. |
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=====Olesno===== |
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Until 1396 part of Opole |
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*1396-1397 Annexed by the [[Kingdom of Poland]] |
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*1397-1401 [[Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn|Przemysław I Noszak]] |
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*1401-1455 [[Bernard of Niemodlin|Bernard]] |
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*1455-1460 [[Bolko V the Hussite]] |
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*1460-1476 [[Nicholas I of Opole|Nicholas I]] |
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** 1466-1476 [[Louis of Opole|Louis]] (co-regent) |
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*1476-1532 [[Jan II the Good]] |
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=====Duchy of [[Niemodlin]]===== |
=====Duchy of [[Niemodlin]]===== |
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*1313-1365 [[Bolesław the Elder]] |
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*1365-1368 [[Bolesław II of Niemodlin|Bolesław II]], [[Wenceslaus of Niemodlin|Wenceslaus]] and [[Henry of Niemodlin|Henry]] (co-rulers) |
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*1368-1369 [[Wenceslaus of Niemodlin|Wenceslaus]] and [[Henry of Niemodlin|Henry]] (co-rulers) |
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*1365-1382 [[Henry of Niemodlin|Henry]] (alone) |
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**1382-1385 [[Władysław Opolczyk]], regent |
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*1382-1394 [[Bolko IV of Opole|Bolko IV]], [[Henry II of Niemodlin|Henry II]] and [[Bernard of Niemodlin|Bernard]] (co-rulers) |
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*1394-1400 [[Bolko IV of Opole|Bolko IV]] and [[Bernard of Niemodlin|Bernard]] (co-rulers) |
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*1400-1450 [[Bernard of Niemodlin|Bernard]] (alone) |
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*1450 - 1460 [[Bolko V the Hussite]] |
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*1460 - 1476 [[Nicholas I of Opole|Nicholas I]] |
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**1466-1476 [[Louis of Opole|Louis]] (co-regent) |
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* 1476 [[Louis of Opole|Louis]], [[Jan II the Good]] and [[Nicholas II of Niemodlin|Nicholas II]] (co-rulers) |
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* 1476-1497 [[Nicholas II of Niemodlin|Nicholas II]] (alone) |
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*1497-1532 [[Jan II the Good]] |
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=====Duchy of [[Strzelce]]===== |
=====Duchy of [[Strzelce]]===== |
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=====Duchy of [[Głogówek]]===== |
=====Duchy of [[Głogówek]]===== |
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Revision as of 04:45, 11 June 2009
In accordance with the last will and testament of Poland's Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth, Poland was upon his death divided into 4-5 hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland.
At the beginning of the 14th century 14 independent Duchies existed in Silesia: Brzeg, Wrocław, Świdnica, Jawor, Ziębice, Głogów, Ścinawa, Żagan and Oleśnica in Lower Silesia; Koźle, Cieszyn, Bytom, Niemodlin, Opole, Strzelce, Racibórz and Opava in Upper Silesia and the eclessiatical duchy of Nysa. Between 1327 and 1329 most dukes accepted the overlordship of Bohemian king John of Bohemia, who acquired the right of succession for all of these duchies. In the coming centuries all branches of the Silesian Piasts died out, and with the death of George William, Duke of Liegnitz the dynasty ceased to exist.
One of the hereditary provinces of Poland, Silesia, was granted to Bolesław III's eldest son, Władysław II the Exile, and was subsequently divided among his sons Bolesław I the Tall (Wrocław/Lower Silesia), Mieszko I Tanglefoot (Racibórz/Upper Silesia) and Konrad Spindleshanks (Głogów). After Konrad's death Głogów was again united with the Duchy of Wroclaw/Lower Silesia.
| Term | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Piast Dynasty | ||
| 1138-1146 | Władysław II the Exile (Władysław II Wygnaniec) |
son of Bolesław III Wrymouth, expelled by his brothers after a failed coup d'etat |
| 1146-1163 | Bolesław IV the Curly (Bolesław Kędzierzawy) |
son of Bolesław III, replaces Władysław II after his exile |
| 1163-1172 | Bolesław I the Tall (Bolesław I Wysoki) and Mieszko I Tanglefoot (Mieszko I Plątonogi) |
sons of Władysław II return in 1163 and peacefully regain the throne from Bolesław IV |
| 1172-1173 | Mieszko I Tanglefoot and Jarosław | Jarosław was the son of Bolesław I; Mieszko and Jarosław rebelled against Bolesław I and temporarily seized power in the Duchy. |
In 1773 Bolesław returned and he agreed to let Mieszko and Bolesław rule in their own Duchies, separated from the Duchy of Silesia. This lead to the creation of the Duchy of Racibórz for Mieszko I and the Duchy of Opole for Jarosław, beginning the fragmentation of the Duchy of Silesia. The territories controlled by Mieszko I and Jarosław roughly corresponded to what is known as Upper Silesia, while the territories remaining with Bolesław I roughly corresponded to Lower Silesia.
Duchies of Lower Silesia (1173-1248)
Duchy of Lower Silesia
Duchy of Lower Silesia was a direct continuation of the Duchy of Silesia, but without the territories roughly corresponding to Upper Silesia; hence it was composed of the territories roughly corresponding to Lower Silesia. Some sources refer to it as the Duchy of Silesia; some as Duchy of Lower Silesia; others yet as the Duchy of Wrocław (Breslau). Wrocław was the capital of the Duchy of Silesia, yet this early (1172-1248) Duchy of Silesia should not be confused with the smaller Duchy of Wrocław that was created with further fragmentation in 1248.
| Term | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Piast Dynasty | ||
| 1172-1177 | Bolesław I the Tall (Bolesław I Wysoki) | |
| 1177 | Mieszko I Tanglefoot (Mieszko I Plątonogi) |
Mieszko I temporary exiles Bolesław I and takes over the Duchy; Bolesław I is able to return with the mediation of Casimir II the Just, but as a condition, from 1177 to 1180/1190 (death of Konrad Spindleshanks (Konrad Laskonogi)), Duchy of Głogów is split as a separate entity ruled by Konrad, it reverted back to Boleslaw I with Konrad's childless death. |
| 1177-1201 | Bolesław I the Tall (Bolesław I Wysoki) | |
| 1201-1238 | Henry I the Bearded (Henryk I Brodaty) | son of Bolesław I |
| 1238-1241 | Henry II the Pious (Henryk II Pobożny) | son of Henry I |
| 1241-1248 | Bolesław II the Bald (Bolesław II Łysy Rogatka) | son of Henry II |
| 1247-1248 | Henry III the White (Henryk III Biały) | son of Henry II, brother and co-ruler with Bolesław II the Bald |
The Duchy went through various border changes in the coming years, sometimes losing and sometimes gaining territory. In 1248 Lower Silesia was divided when Bolesław II had to cede the Duchy of Wrocław to his younger brother Henry III.
Note: Lubusz was not considered a duchy.
- 1201-1206 Henry I the Bearded
- 1206-1209 Władysław III Spindleshanks
- 1209-1210 Konrad II, Margrave of Lusatia
- 1210-1218 Henry I the Bearded
- 1218-1225 Władysław III Spindleshanks
- 1225-1229 Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia
- 1229-1230 Annexed by the Archbischopric of Magdeburg
- 1230-1238 Henry I the Bearded
- 1238-1241 Henry II the Pious
- 1241-1242 Mieszko
- 1242-1249 Bolesław II the Bald
- 1249 Annexed by the Margraviate of Brandenburg
Duchy of Wrocław (1248-1335)
- 1248-1266 Henry III the White (Henryk III Biały), son of Henry II, jointly with his brother
- 1248-1270 Władysław of Salzburg, also regent of Henry IV
- 1266/1270-1290 Henryk IV Probus, son of Henry III
- 1270-1273 Přemysl II Ottokar of Bohemia (regent)
- 1290-1296 Henry V the Fat (Henryk V Brzuchaty), son of Bolesław II
- 1296-1311 Bolesław III the Generous, son
- 1296-1301 Bolko I Surowy, regent
- 1301-1302 Henry of Wiebrzno, Bishop of Wrocław, regent
- 1302-1305 King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, regent
- 1311-1335 Henry VI the Good (Henryk VI Dobry), brother of Bolesław III
In 1327 Henry VI signed a contract of inheritance with King John of Bohemia and upon his death the Duchy of Wrocław fell to the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Duchy of Legnica (1248-1675)
- 1248-1278 Bolesław II the Bald, jointly with his brother
- 1248-1251 Konrad I
- In 1251 Konrad I, backed by his brother-in-law Duke Przemysł I of Greater Poland, successfully claimed the Duchy of Głogów
- 1248-1251 Konrad I
- 1278-1290 Henry V the Fat, son of Bolesław II, also Duke of Wrocław from 1290
Duchy of Jawor (since 1291 Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor)
- 1273-1278 Henry V the Fat
- 1278-1281 Bolko I the Strict, jointly with his brother Bernard the Lightsome
- In 1281 Bernard took the sole rule over Lwówek
- 1281-1301 Bolko I the Strict (alone)
- 1301-1312 Bernard, Henry I and Bolko II, sons (co-rulers)
- 1301-1305 Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, regent
- 1273-1278 : Henry V the Fat
- 1278-1301 : Bolko I the Strict
- 1278-1286 : Bernard the Lightsome (co-ruler)
- 1290-1297 : Henry III of Głogów
- From 1291 Duchy of Jawor is enlarged with territories including Świdnica, formerly part of the Duchy of Wrocław. For a brief period, the Duchy is sometimes known as the Duchy of Jawor-Świdnica.
- In 1312 the territories around Świdnica are split into their own Duchy, the Duchy of Świdnica, as are the territories around Ziębice, known as the Duchy of Ziębice.
- 1312-1346 Henry I
- 1346-1368 Bolko II the Small
- 1368-1392 Agnes of Habsburg (Oprawa wdowia)
In 1392 Jawor is annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
- 1312-1326 Bernard
- 1326-1345 Bolko II the Small and Henry II (co-rulers)
- 1345-1368 Bolko II the Small (alone)
- 1368-1392 Agnes of Habsburg (Oprawa wdowia)
In 1392 Świdnica is annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
- 1312-1322 Bernard and Bolko II (co-rulers)
- 1322-1341 Bolko II (alone), vassal of Bohemia from 1336
- 1341-1358 Nicholas the Small
- 1358-1410 Bolko III
- 1358-1366/85 Henry I
- 1358-ca.1360 Agnes Crushina of Lichtenburg, regent
- 1410-1428 Jan
- 1410-1420 Henry II, brother (co-ruler)
- 1428-1429 Annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
- 1429-1435 Puta III of Častolovic
- 1435-1443 Euphemia, sister of Jan
- 1443-1454 William of Opawa, nephew of Euphemia and Jan
- 1454-1456 Ernest of Opawa, brother
- 1456-1462 George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia since 1458
- 1462-1498 Boček of Poděbrady, Wiktoryn of Poděbrady and Henry I of Poděbrady, sons (co-rulers)
- 1498-1511 Albert I of Poděbrady, George I of Poděbrady and Karl I of Poděbrady, sons of Henry I (co-rulers)
- 1511-1536 Karl I of Poděbrady (alone)
- 1536-1542 Joachim of Poděbrady, Henry II of Poděbrady, George II of Poděbrady and Jan of Poděbrady, sons of Karl I (co-rulers)
- 1542-1551 Pledged to the Duchy of Legnica
- 1551-1552 Jan of Poděbrady
- 1552-1559 Isabella Jagiełło
- 1559-1565 Jan of Poděbrady (restored)
- 1565-1569 Karl Christoph of Poděbrady, son
- 1569-1654 Annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia
- 1654-1677 Johann Weikhard von Auersperg
- 1677-1706 Franz Ferdinand von Auersperg, son
- 1706-1713 Franz Karl von Auersperg, brother
- 1713-1783 Heinrich Josef Johann von Auersperg, son
- 1783-1791 Karl Josef Anton von Auersperg, son
- 1791 Sold to the Kingdom of Prussia
- 1795 Creation of the Duchy of Ziębice-Ząbkowice, who was sold by the Prussian crown to Ludwig Wilhelm von Schlabrendorf
Duchy of Lwówek
- 1278-1281 Bolko I the Strict, jointly with Bernard the Lightsome
- In 1281 Bolko I took took the sole rule over Świdnica
- 1281-1286 Bernard the Lightsome (alone)
- 1286-1301 Bolko I the Strict
- 1301-1312 Bernard, Henry I and Bolko II (co-rulers)
- 1301-1305 Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, regent
- 1312-1346 Henry I
- 1346-1368 Bolko II the Small
- 1368-1392 Agnes of Habsburg (Oprawa wdowia)
In 1392 Lwówek is annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
County of Kłodzko
- 1273-1290 Henryk IV Probus
- 1327-1335 Henry VI the Good
- 1336-1341 Bolko II
- 1380-1411 Jobst of Moravia
- 1458-1459 George of Poděbrady
- 1459-1486 Boček of Poděbrady, Wiktoryn of Poděbrady and Henry I of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1459-1496 Boček and Henry I of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1459-1498 Henry I of Poděbrady (alone)
- 1498-1501 Albert I of Poděbrady, George I of Poděbrady and Karl I of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1501-1534 Ulryk von Hardeck
- 1534-1537 Johann von Hardeck
- 1537-1549 Johann of Pernstein
- 1549-1561/7 Ernest of Bavaria
In 1561/7 Kłodzko is annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
- 1290-1296 Henry V the Fat
- 1296-1311 Bolesław III the Generous (also Duke of Wrocław), Henry VI the Good and Władysław, sons (co-rulers)
- 1296-1301 Bolko I the Strict, regent
- 1301-1302 Henry of Würben (Bishop of Wroclaw), regent
- 1302-1305 King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, regent
- 1311-1312 Władysław, alone (deposed; d. 1352?)
- 1311-1342 Bolesław III the Generous, again, alone, vassal of King John of Bohemia in 1329
- 1342-1345 Wenceslaus I and Louis I the Fair, sons (co-rulers)
- 1345-1346 Louis I the Fair (alone)
- 1346-1364 Wenceslaus I (again, alone)
- 1364-1409 Rupert I, son, jointly with his brothers Wenceslaus II, Bolesław IV (d. 1394) and Henry VIII (d. 1398)
- 1364-1373 Louis I the Fair, regent
- 1409-1413 Wenceslaus II, alone
- 1413-1436 Louis II
- 1436-1449 Elisabeth of Hohenzollern (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1449-1454 Nobility revolt; annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia, restored as a Bohemian fief
- 1454-1488 Frederick I
- 1454-1466 Hedwig of Legnica, regent
- 1488-1495 John II, jointly with his brothers Frederick II and George I
- 1495-1505 Frederick II and George I
- 1488-1498 Ludmila of Poděbrady, regent
- 1505-1547 Frederick II, alone
- 1547-1551 Frederick III, son (deposed)
- 1551-1556 Henry XI, son
- 1551-1556 George II the Pious, regent
- 1556-1559 Frederick III, restored (deposed; d. 1570)
- 1559-1576 Henry XI, again (deposed), jointly with his brother Frederick IV since 1571
- 1576-1580 Frederick IV, alone
- 1580-1581 Henry XI, restored (deposed; d. 1588) jointly with Frederick IV
- 1581-1596 Frederick IV, alone
- 1596-1602 Joachim Frederick
- 1602-1612 John Christian, son, jointly with his brother George Rudolf
- 1602-1605 Anna Maria of Anhalt, regent
- 1605-1609 Karl II of Poděbrady, regent
- 1612-1653 George Rudolf, alone (in exile during 1633-1648)
- 1633-1648 Occupied by Imperial troops
- 1653-1654 George III, Louis IV and Christian, sons of John Christian (co-rulers)
- 1654-1663 Louis IV, alone
- 1663-1664 George III and Christian (co-rulers)
- 1664-1672 Christian, alone
- 1672-1675 George William, son, last Piast Duke
- 1672-1675 Louise of Anhalt-Dessau, regent
In 1675 Legnica was annexed by the Holy Roman Empire.
Duchy of Lubin
- 1348-1398 Louis I the Fair
- 1398-1399 Henry VIII with a Scar (co-ruler since 1361/62)
- 1399-1400 Henry IX and Louis II (co-rulers)
- 1400-1419/20 Henry IX (alone)
- 1419/20-1431 Rupert II
- 1431-1441 Louis III
- 1441-1446 Jan I and Henry X
- 1446-1482 Pledged to the Duchy of Głogów
- 1482-1488 Frederick I, son of Jan I
- 1488-1505 United with the Duchy of Legnica
- 1505-1521 George I
- 1521-1550 Anna of Pomerania (Oprawa wdowia)
In 1550 Lubin is definitely reunited with the Duchy of Legnica.
Duchy of Chojnów
- 1290-1297 Henry III
- 1297-1301 Bolko I the Strict
- 1301-1345 United with the Duchy of Legnica
- 1345-1359 Wenceslaus I
- 1359-1398 Louis I the Fair
- 1398-1446 United with the Duchy of Lubin
- 1446-1452 Jan I and Henry X
- 1452-1453 Jan I (alone)
- 1453-1488 Frederick I
- 1453-1466 Hedwig of Legnica, regent
In 1488 Chojnów is definitely reunited with the Duchy of Legnica.
- 1311-1352 Bolesław III the Generous
- 1352-1358 Katharina Šubić (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1358 Wenceslaus I (one half of the Duchy; the other was sold to Bolko II the Small)
- 1358-1398 Louis I the Fair (one half of the Duchy; in 1368 he reunited all Brzeg)
- 1358-1368 Bolko II the Small (one half of the Duchy)
- 1398-1399 Henry VIII with a Scar (co-ruler since 1361/62)
- 1399-1400 Henry IX and Louis II (co-rulers)
- 1400-1436 Louis II (in captivity during 1404-1405)
- 1404 - 1405 Henry IX, regent
- 1436-1443 Elisabeth of Hohenzollern (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1443-1450 Jan I and Henry X
- 1450-1476 Nicholas I
- 1466-1476 Louis (co-ruler)
- 1476-1481 Jan II the Good
- 1481-1488 Frederick I
- 1488-1503 Ludmila of Poděbrady (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1503-1505 Frederick II and George I
- 1488-1521 George I of Brieg
- 1521-1547 Frederick II
- 1547-1586 George II the Pious
- 1586-1595 Barbara of Brandenburg (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1595-1602 Joachim Frederick
- 1602-1612 John Christian and George Rudolf (co-rulers)
- 1602-1605 Anna Maria of Anhalt, regent
- 1605-1609 Karl II of Poděbrady, regent
- 1612-1639 John Christian (since 1633 only formally, in exile)
- 1633-1635 Occupied by Imperial troops
- 1639-1654 George III, Louis IV and Christian, sons of John Christian (co-rulers)
- 1654-1664 George III (alone)
- 1664-1672 Christian
- 1672-1675 George William
- 1672-1675 Louise of Anhalt-Dessau, regent
In 1675 Brzeg in annexed by the Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Oława
Until 1400 part of the Duchy of Brzeg
- 1400-1419/20 Henry IX
- 1419/20-1423 Wenceslaus III and Louis III (co-rulers)
- 1420-1441 Louis III, alone
- 1441-1454 Margareta of Opole (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1454-1488 Frederick I
- 1454-1466 Hedwig of Legnica, regent
- 1488-1586 United with the Duchy of Brzeg
- 1586-1592 Joachim Frederick and John George (co-rulers)
- 1592-1594 Anna of Württemberg (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1594-1602 Joachim Frederick
- 1602-1654 United with the Duchy of Brzeg
- 1654-1672 Christian
- 1672-1680 Louise of Anhalt-Dessau (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1680-1691 Annexed by the Holy Roman Empire
- 1691-1737 James Louis Henry Sobieski
In 1737 Oława was definitely annexed by the Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Niemcza
- 1392-1395 Louis I the Fair
- 1395-1399 Henry VIII with a Scar
In 1399 Niemcza is annexed by the Duchy of Oława
Duchy of Strzelin
Until 1385 part of the Duchy of Ziębice
- 1385-1410 Przemysław I Noszak
- 1410-1416 Bolesław I
- 1410-1427 Casimir I
- 1427-1436 Louis II
- 1436-1488 Frederick I
- 1488-1547 United with the Duchy of Niemcza
- 1547-1586 George II the Pious
- 1586-1592 Joachim Frederick and John George (co-rulers)
- 1592-1602 Joachim Frederick
In 1602 Strzelin is definitely annexed by the Duchy of Niemcza
Duchy of Namysłów
- 1290-1294 Henry V the Fat
- 1294-1309 Henry III
- 1309-1312 Henry IV the Faithful, Konrad I, Bolesław, Jan and Przemko II (co-rulers)
- 1312-1313 Konrad I and Bolesław (co-rulers)
- 1313-1323 Konrad I (alone)
- 1323-1338 Bolesław III the Generous
- 1338-1341 Wenceslaus I
- 1341 Bolesław III the Generous (again)
- 1341-1348 King Casimir III the Great of Poland
- 1348-1352 Bolesław III the Generous (again)
- 1352-1398 Louis I the Fair
In 1398 Namysłów is definitely annexed by the Duchy of Brzeg
- 1177-1180/90 Konrad Spindleshanks (Konrad Laskonogi) becomes the first Duke of Głogów, but the duchy is merged back to the Duchy of Silesia from which it was created with his childless death
- 1251-1274 Konrad I
- 1274-1278 Henry III, Konrad II the Hunchback and Przemko (co-rulers)
- 1278-1309 Henry III (alone)
- 1309-1318 Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1318-1321 Henry IV the Faithful and Przemko II (co-rulers)
- 1321-1331 Przemko II (alone), refused to become a vassal of King John of Bohemia
- 1331-1337 Annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia
- 1337-1346 Henry I
- 1346-1349 Annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia
- In 1349 one half of Głogów was restored to Henry V of Iron —son of Henry IV the Faithful and nephew of Przemko II— and the other half was given to
- 1360-1361 Constance of Świdnica (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1361-1368 Bolko II the Small (also ruler of half of Ścinawa since 1365; see below)
- 1368-1384 Annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia
- 1384-1404 Przemysław I Noszak (also in half of Ścinawa)
- Half of Glogów and half of Ścinawa united as sole Duchy since them
- 1404-1406 Przemysław (also Duke of Oświęcim)
- 1406-1410 Przemysław I Noszak, again
- 1410-1431 Bolesław I
- 1431-1442 Wenceslaus I, Przemysław II, Władysław and Bolesław II (co-rulers)
- 1431-1442 Euphemia of Masovia, regent
- 1442-1460 Władysław (alone)
- 1460-1476 Margareta of Celje (Oprawa wdowia) —purely formal, deposed; d. 1480-
- 1460-1476 Przemysław II (effective government)
- 1476-1480 King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and Bohemia
- In 1480 the Duchy of Glogów is finally reunificated after almost 150 years
- 1480-1488 Jan II the Mad (deposed, d. 1504)
- 1488-1490 János Corvinus
- 1491-1498 King John I Albert of Poland
- 1498-1499 Dionisius of Zahradek, Starost of the Bohemian Crown
- 1499-1506 King Sigismund I the Old of Poland
- 1506-1528 Casimir II (ruler over half of Ścinawa since 1493)
- 1528-1540 Annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia; half of Ścinawa was definitely placed under the Bohemian rule
- 1540-1544 Frederick II (only in Głogów)
In 1544 Głogów was definitely annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia
Duchy of Ścinawa
- 1278-1284 Konrad II the Hunchback
- 1274-1289 Przemko
- 1289-1290 Henry IV Probus, also Duke of Wrocław
- 1290 Henry V the Fat, also Duke of Legnica
- 1290-1309 Henry III
- 1309-1312 Henry IV the Faithful, Konrad I, Bolesław, Jan and Przemko II (co-rulers)
- 1312-1317 Henry IV the Faithful, Jan and Przemko II (co-rulers)
- 1317-1365 Jan (alone), vassal of King John of Bohemia in 1329
- In 1365 Jan sold half of Ścinawa to Bolko II the Small (see above) and the other was inherited by
- 1365-1369 Henry V of Iron
- 1369-1378 Henry VI the Older, Henry VII Rumpold and Henry VIII the Sparrow (co-rulers)
- 1378-1395 Henry VII Rumpold (also ruler over Bytom Odrzański)
- 1395-1397 Henry VIII the Sparrow
- 1397-1403 Konrad II the Gray
- 1403-1412 Konrad III the Old
- 1412-1416 Konrad IV the Older and Konrad V Kantner (co-rulers)
- 1416-1427 Konrad V Kantner, Konrad VI the Dean and Konrad VIII the Younger (co-rulers)
- 1427-1446 Konrad VIII the Younger (alone)
- 1446-1450 Konrad VII the White
- 1450-1452 Konrad IX the Black and Konrad X the White (co-rulers)
- 1452-1489 Konrad X the White (alone)
- 1489-1490 King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and Bohemia
- 1490-1492 Konrad X the White (restored)
- 1492-1495 Annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia
- 1495-1498 Wiktoryn of Poděbrady and Henry I of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1498-1502 George I of Poděbrady, Albert I of Poděbrady and Karl I of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1502-1511 Albert I of Poděbrady and Karl I of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1511-1520 Karl I of Poděbrady (alone)
- 1520-? Jan Thurzon
Duchy of Żagań (1278-1935)
- 1278-1284 Przemko
- 1284-1304 Konrad II the Hunchback
- 1304-1309 Henry III
- 1309-1312 Henry IV the Faithful, Konrad I, Bolesław, Jan and Przemko II (co-rulers)
- 1312-1317 Henry IV the Faithful, Jan and Przemko II (co-rulers)
- 1317-1342 Henry IV the Faithful (alone)
- 1342-1369 Henry V of Iron
- 1369-1378 Henry VI the Older, Henry VII Rumpold and Henry VIII the Sparrow (co-rulers)
- 1378-1393 Henry VI the Older (alone)
- 1393-1403 Hedwig of Legnica (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1403-1412 Jan I, Henry IX the Older, Henry X Rumpold and Wenceslaus (co-rulers)
- 1412-1439 Jan I (alone)
- 1439-1461 Balthasar, Rudolf, Wenceslaus and Jan II the Mad (co-rulers)
- 1449-1454 Balthasar and Rudolf (co-rulers)
- 1454-1461 Balthasar (alone)
- 1461-1467 Jan II the Mad
- 1467-1472 Balthasar (again)
- 1472 Jan II the Mad (again)
- In 1472 Jan II sold Żagań to Duke Albert the Bold of Saxony. The Duchy remained under the control of the House of Wettin until was sold to the Holy Roman Empire in 1553 and then given to
- 1553-1558 George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
- 1558-1562 Baltazar von Wallenstein
- 1562-1597 Siegfried von Wallenstein
- 1597-1601 Anselm von Wallenstein
- 1601-1627 Annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia
- 1627-1634 Albrecht von Wallenstein
- 1634-1646 Annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia
- 1646-1677 Václav Eusebius František von Lobkowicz
- 1677-1715 Ferdinand August Leopold von Lobkowicz
- 1715-1734 Philipp Hyazinth Josef von Lobkowicz
- 1734-1739 Wenzel Ferdinand Karl Boromeus Josef Michael Johann Nepomucenus von Lobkowicz
- 1734-1784 Ferdinand Philipp Apostol Joseph Johann Nepomuck Adalbert Anastaz von Lobkowicz
- 1784-1786 Joseph Franz Maximilian Ferdinand Karl von Lobkowicz
- 1786 Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
- 1786-1800 Peter von Biron, also Duke of Courland
- 1800-1839 Wilhelmine von Biron
- 1839-1845 Pauline von Biron
- 1845-1862 Dorothea von Biron
- 1861-1898 Louis Napoleon de Talleyrand-Périgord
- 1898-1906 Boson I de Talleyrand-Périgord
- 1906-1910 Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord
- 1910-1929 Howard Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
- 1929-1935 Boson II de Talleyrand-Périgord Valencay
In 1935 Żagań was confiscated by Third Reich
Duchies of Zielona Góra and Kożuchów
- 1378-1397 Henry VIII the Sparrow
- 1397-1420 Katharina of Opole (Oprawa wdowia)
In 1420 Zielona Góra and Kożuchów were definitely annexed by the Duchy of Glogów
Duchy of Krosno
- 1412-1417 Henry IX the Older, Henry X Rumpold and Wenceslaus (co-rulers)
- 1417-1431 Wenceslaus (alone)
- 1431-1482 Annexed by the Duchy of Glogów
In 1482 Krosno was annexed by Electorate of Brandenburg
Duchy of Szprotawa
- 1378-1397 Henry VIII the Sparrow
- 1397-1412 Jan I, Henry IX the Older, Henry X Rumpold and Wenceslaus (co-rulers)
- 1397-1401 Rupert I, regent
In 1412 Szprotawa was annexed by the Duchy of Glogów
Duchy of Przewóz
- 1319-1337 Henry I
- 1337-1413 Annexed by the House of Wettin
- 1413-1439 Jan I
- 1439-1449 Balthasar, Rudolf, Wenceslaus and Jan II the Mad (co-rulers)
- 1449-1472 Wenceslaus and Jan II the Mad (co-rulers)
In 1472 Przewóz was reacquired by the House of Wettin.
- 1293-1309 Henry III
- 1309-1312 Henry IV the Faithful, Konrad I and Bolesław (co-rulers)
- 1312-1313 Konrad I and Bolesław (co-rulers)
- 1313-1321 Bolesław (alone)
- 1321-1366 Konrad I
- 1366-1403 Konrad II the Gray
- 1403-1412 Konrad III the Old (co-ruler since 1377)
- 1412-1416 Konrad IV the Older and Konrad V Kantner (co-rulers)
- In 1416 Konrad IV the Older resigned to the government and ruled over only Kąty Wrocławskie and Bierutów until his death in 1447
- 1416-1427 Konrad V Kantner, Konrad VI the Dean and Konrad VIII the Younger (co-rulers)
- 1427-1439 Konrad V Kantner (alone)
- 1439-1450 Konrad VII the White (inherited Kąty Wrocławskie and Bierutów in 1447, deposed; d. 1452)
- 1450-1452 Konrad IX the Black and Konrad X the White, sons of Konrad V (co-rulers)
- 1439-1471 Konrad IX the Black
- 1471-1475 Margareta of Rawa (Oprawa wdowia, in Bierutów, deposed, d. by 1485)
- 1475-1478 Barbara (also in Bierutów, under the tutelage of Konrad X and King Matthias Corvinus; deposed, d. by 1479)
- 1478-1489 Konrad X the White (in Bierutów)
- 1489-1490 King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and Bohemia (in Bierutów)
- 1490-1492 Konrad X the White (restored)
- 1492-1495 Annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
- 1495-1498 Henry I of Poděbrady
- 1498-1502 George I of Poděbrady, Albert I of Poděbrady and Karl I of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1502-1511 Albert I of Poděbrady and Karl I of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1511-1536 Karl I of Poděbrady (alone)
- 1536-1548 Joachim of Poděbrady, Henry II of Poděbrady, Jan of Poděbrady and George II of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1548-1553 Joachim of Poděbrady (d. 1562), Jan of Poděbrady, George II of Poděbrady and Henry III of Poděbrady (son of Henry II), co-rulers
- 1553-1565 Jan of Poděbrady (alone)
- 1565-1569 Karl Christoph of Poděbrady
- 1569-1587 Henry III of Poděbrady and Karl II of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1587-1617 Karl II of Poděbrady (alone)
- 1617-1639 Henry Wenceslaus of Poděbrady and Karl Frederick I of Poděbrady (co-rulers)
- 1639-1647 Karl Frederick I of Poděbrady (alone)
- 1647-1664 Sylvius I Nimrod of Württemberg-Juliusburg (inherited the Duchy by virtue of his marriage with Elisabeth Maria, only daughter and heiress of Karl Frederick I)
- 1664-1668 Karl Ferdinand of Württemberg-Oleśnica
- 1668-1697 Sylvius II Frederick of Württemberg-Oleśnica (in Oleśnica)
- 1697-1704 Christian Ulrich I of Württemberg-Oleśnica (in Bierutów during 1668-1697)
- 1697-1745 Karl of Württemberg-Bierutów, nephew (in Bierutów)
- 1704-1744 Karl Frederick II of Württemberg-Oleśnica (in Oleśnica, deposed; d. 1761)
- 1744-1792 Karl Christian Erdmann of Württemberg-Oleśnica (in Oleśnica, in Bierutów since 1745)
- 1792-1805 Frederick August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (inherited the Duchy by virtue of his marriage with Fredericka Sophie (d. 1789), only surviving child of Karl Christian Erdmann)
- 1805-1815 Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, The Black Duke, nephew
- 1815-1826 Karl, Duke of Brunswick (abdicated, d. 1873)
- 1826-1884 William, Duke of Brunswick, brother
- 1913-1918 Ernest Augustus of Hannover
- 1918-1926 Annexed by Germany
- 1926-1945 William, Crown Prince of Germany
In 1945 Oleśnica and Bierutów were definitely annexed to Germany
Duchy of Wołów
- 1439-1449 Margareta (Oprawa wdowia)
- 1449-1450 Konrad VII the White (deposed; d. 1452)
- 1450-1452 Konrad IX the Black and Konrad X the White (co-rulers)
- 1452-1489 Konrad X the White
- 1489-1490 King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and Bohemia
- 1490-1492 Konrad X the White
- 1493-1528 Casimir II
- 1504-1517 Karl I of Poděbrady
- 1517-1532 Jan II the Good
- 1540-1547 Frederick II
- 1547-1586 George II the Pious
- 1586-1592 Joachim Frederick and John George (co-rulers)
- 1592-1602 Joachim Frederick (alone)
- 1602-1654 United with the Duchy of Brzeg
- 1654-1672 Christian
- 1672-1680 Louise of Anhalt-Dessau (Oprawa wdowia)
In 1680 Wołów was annexed by the Holy Roman Empire
Duchies of Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia was divided into the Duchies of Cieszyn, Opole and Racibórz. In 1340 the Duchy of Racibórz was united with Opava, a Bohemian fief.
- 1173-1201 Jarosław (in Opole)
- 1201-1202 Henry I the Bearded (in Opole)
- 1173-1211 Mieszko I Tanglefoot (in Racibórz; since 1202 in Opole)
- 1211-1230 Casimir I
- 1230-1246 Mieszko II the Fat
- 1230-1238 Henry I the Bearded, regent
- 1238-1239 Henry II the Pious, regent
- 1246-1282 Władysław Opolski
In 1282 the Duchy is divided between the four sons of Władysław.
- 1282-1284 Bolko I and Casimir (co-rulers)
- 1284-1313 Bolko I (alone)
- 1313-1323 Bolko II and Albert (co-rulers)
- 1323-1356 Bolko II (alone)
- 1356-1365 Władysław Opolczyk, Henry and Bolko III (co-rulers)
- 1365-1370 Władysław Opolczyk and Bolko III (co-rulers)
- 1370-1401 Władysław Opolczyk (alone, from 1396 only formally)
- 1396-1400 Jan Kropidło -only formally-, Bernard and Bolko IV (co-rulers)
- 1400-1421 Jan Kropidło -only formally- and Bolko IV (co-rulers)
- 1421-1437 Bolko IV (alone)
- 1422-1424 Bolko V the Hussite (co-regent)
- 1437-1439 Jan I and Nicholas I (co-rulers)
- 1439-1476 Nicholas I (alone)
- 1466-1476 Louis (co-regent)
- 1476 Louis, Jan II the Good and Nicholas II (co-rulers)
- 1476-1497 Jan II the Good and Nicholas II (co-rulers)
- 1497-1532 Jan II the Good (alone)
- 1532-1543 George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
- 1543-1549 George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
- 1549-1551 Ferdinand of Habsburg
- 1551-1556 Isabella Jagiełło and John II Sigismund Zápolya
- 1556-1558 George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (again)
- 1597-1598 Sigismund Bathory - nephew of Stephen Báthory, King of Poland
- 1622-1625 Gabriel Bethlen
- 1645-1648 Władysław IV Vasa
- 1648-1655 Karol Ferdynand Vasa
- 1655-1666 John II Casimir Vasa
In 1666 Opole was annexed by the House of Habsburg as Kings of Bohemia.
Olesno
Until 1396 part of Opole
- 1396-1397 Annexed by the Kingdom of Poland
- 1397-1401 Przemysław I Noszak
- 1401-1455 Bernard
- 1455-1460 Bolko V the Hussite
- 1460-1476 Nicholas I
- 1466-1476 Louis (co-regent)
- 1476-1532 Jan II the Good
Duchy of Niemodlin
- 1313-1365 Bolesław the Elder
- 1365-1368 Bolesław II, Wenceslaus and Henry (co-rulers)
- 1368-1369 Wenceslaus and Henry (co-rulers)
- 1365-1382 Henry (alone)
- 1382-1385 Władysław Opolczyk, regent
- 1382-1394 Bolko IV, Henry II and Bernard (co-rulers)
- 1394-1400 Bolko IV and Bernard (co-rulers)
- 1400-1450 Bernard (alone)
- 1450 - 1460 Bolko V the Hussite
- 1460 - 1476 Nicholas I
- 1466-1476 Louis (co-regent)
- 1476 Louis, Jan II the Good and Nicholas II (co-rulers)
- 1476-1497 Nicholas II (alone)
- 1497-1532 Jan II the Good
Duchy of Strzelce
Duchy of Głogówek
| Term | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Piast Dynasty | ||
| 1177/9 to 1211 | Mieszko I Plątonogi | The first duke of Bytom |
| 1280/1 to 1312 | Casimir of Bytom | The first Ruler of the second Duchy of Bytom, co-ruler from 1303 |
| 1303 to 1328 | Bolesław of Toszek | co-ruler |
| 1303 to 1352 | Władysław of Bytom | co-ruler |
| 1312 to 1316 | Siemowit of Bytom | co-ruler |
| 1312 to ca 1345 | George of Bytom | co-ruler |
| 1312 to 1328 | Mieszko of Bytom | co-ruler |
| 1340 to ca 1350 | Siemowit of Bytom | second time, co-ruler |
| 1336 to 1342 | Casimir of Koźle | co-ruler |
| 1342 to 1354/5 | Bolesław of Bytom | co-ruler to ca 1350 |
| 1354/5 to 1357 | Margareta of Sternberg | unofficial, disputable |
1354/5 - Partition of the Duchy:
| ||
Duchy of Koźle
Duchy of Toszek
- Premislav of Tost (1439-1484)
Duchy of Gliwice
Up to 1290 Cieszyn belonged to the Duchy of Racibórz
- 1315-1358 Kazimierz I
- 1358-1410 Przemysław I Noszak
- 1410–1431 Bolesław I
- 1431–1442 Eufemia and her sons: Wacław I, Bolesław II, Władysław, and Przemysław II
- 1442–1452 Przemysław II and Bolesław II
- 1452-1477 Przemysław II
- 1477–1528 Kazimierz II
- 1528-1579 Wacław III Adam
- 1579–1617 Adam Wacław
- 1617-1625 Fryderyk Wilhelm
- 1625-1653 Elżbieta Lukrecja
In 1653 the Duchy of Teschen was transferred to the Habsburg domains.
| Term | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Pist Dynasty | ||
| 1315 to 1324 | Władysław of Oświęcim | co-regent |
| 1324 to 1372 | Jan I the Scholastic | |
| 1324 to 1325 | Euphrosyne of Płock | regent (mother) |
| 1372 to 1376 | Jan II of Oświęcim | |
| 1376 to 1405 | Jan III of Oświęcim | |
| 1405 to 1406 | Przemysław of Oświęcim | Duke of Ścinawa (partly; from 1404), Duke of Toszek (from 1405) |
| Term | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Piast Dynasty | ||
| 1433/4 to 1468 | Wenceslaus I of Zator | Duke of Zator from 1445 |
| 1468 to 1490 | Casimir II of Zator | co-ruler |
| 1468 to 1484/7 | Wenceslaus II of Zator | co-ruler |
| 1468 to 1494 | Jan V of Zator | Duke of Wadowice from 1493 |
| 1468 to 1482 | Władysław of Zator | co-ruler, Duke of Wadowice from 1482 |
| ||
Duchy of Wadowice
- Sovereign owner of Wadowice per bequest of her father Duke Władysław of Zator, but without the Ducal rank, who was given to her uncle Jan V. Married with Jan Kobierzycki, Count of Tworkow and Kobierzyn with one male heir. Deposed, d. after 1505.
Despite the sale of Wadowice to the King of Poland in 1503, and to insure his armorial protection of the region, Wadowice continued to be torn by wars for another 300 years.
| Term | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Piast Dynasty | ||
| 1173 to 1211 | Mieszko I Plątonogi | Duke of Racibórz, Opole and Duke Senior of Poland |
| 1211 to 1230 | Kazimierz I | Duke of Racibórz and Opole |
| 1230 to 1246 | Mieszko II Otyły | Duke of Racibórz and Opole |
| 1246 to 1281 | Władysław I | Duke of Racibórz and Opole |
| 1280 to 1306 | Przemysław of Racibórz | Duke of Cieszyn, Oświęcim and Racibórz |
| 1306 to 1336 | Leszek of Racibórz | Duke of Racibórz |
| 1306 to 1308 | Mieszko I Cieszyński | regent |
| 1336 - The Duchy passed to Dukes of Opava who were from Přemyslid dynasty and were relatives to Dukes of Racibórz. | ||
Split off from Moravia.
- 1269-1308 Přemysl Nicholas I, son of Ottokar II of Bohemia
- 1278-1281, 1289-1305 Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
- 1305-1306 Wenceslaus III of Bohemia
- 1308-1311 Bolesław III the Generous, Duke of Legnica and Wrocław
- 1311-1318 John of Bohemia
- 1318-1365 Nicholas II, son of Nicholas I, also Duke of Racibórz from 1336
- 1365-1377 Jan I of Racibórz, son of Nicholas II, jointly with his brothers
- 1365-1377 Nicholas III
- 1365-1381 Wenceslaus I
- 1365-1433 Przemko I
- 1433-1449 Wenceslaus II, son of Przemko I, jointly with his brothers
- 1433-1437 Nicholas IV
- 1433-1452 William
- 1433-1456 Ernest
- 1433-1456 Przemko II
- 1456-1471 George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia from 1458
- 1472-1485 Viktorin of Poděbrady, son of George
- 1485-1490 Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, (Anti-)King of Bohemia from 1469
- 1490-1495 János Corvinus, son of Matthias
- 1495-1506 Vladislaus Jagiellon, King of Bohemia from 1471
- 1506-1528 Casimir II, Duke of Teschen
Fell to Ferdinand I of Habsburg along with the Bohemian Crown. In 1614 Matthias of Habsburg invested Prince Karl I of Liechtenstein with Troppau, whose successors bear the ducal title ever since.
Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa
Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry IV Probus, held by the Bishops of Wrocław
- 1302-1319 Henry of Wierzbno
- 1326-1341 Nankier
- 1342-1376 Przecław of Pogarell
- 1382-1417 Wenceslaus II of Legnica
- 1417-1447 Konrad IV of Oleśnica
- 1447-1456 Peter II Nowak
- 1456-1467 Jodok (Jost) of Rosenberg
- 1468-1482 Rudolf of Rüdesheim
- 1482-1506 Jan IV Roth
- 1506-1520 Jan V Thurzo
- 1520-1539 Jacob of Salza
- 1539-1562 Balthazar of Promnitz
- 1562-1574 Caspar of Logau
- 1574-1585 Martin Gerstmann
- 1585-1596 Andreas Jerin
- 1596-1599 Bonaventura Hahn
- 1599-1600 Paul Albert of Radolfzell
- 1600-1608 Jan VI of Sitsch
- 1608-1624 Charles of Habsburg, son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria
- 1625-1655 Karol Ferdynand Vasa, Duke of Opole from 1648
- 1656-1662 Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg
- 1663-1664 Charles Joseph of Habsburg, also Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1662
- 1665-1671 Sebastian von Rostock
- 1671-1682 Frederick of Hesse-Darmstadt, son of Landgrave Louis V
- 1683-1732 Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg
- 1732-1747 Philipp Ludwig von Sinzendorf
Major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.
- 1747-1795 Philipp Gotthard von Schaffgotsch
- 1795-1817 Joseph Christian Franz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein
Prussian part secularised in 1810.
- 1823-1832 Emanuel von Schimonsky
- 1835-1840 Leopold von Sedlnitzky
- 1843-1844 Joseph Knauer
- 1845-1850 Melchior von Diepenbrock
Theocracy abolished in 1850.
See also
- List of Polish rulers
- Piast dynasty
- Dukes of Masovia
- Dukes of Greater Poland
- Dukes of Little Poland
- Dukes of Cuiavia
- Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
References
- Neue deutsche Biographie, Berlin 2001, Bd.: 20, p. 403-407
- Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Leipzig 1905-1909, Bd.: 17, p. 845-847
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