Jan Kropidło: Difference between revisions
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In 1401 Władysław Opolczyk died, an event who finally give the complete reconciliation between Jan and the Polish King; now, Jan's ambitions were focused in recover the [[List of bishops of Kujawy|Bishopric of Włocławek]]. One year later (in 1402), Jan was named Bishop, and remained in this post until his death. The Włocławek hierarchy wasn't the easiest, mainly due to the position of the Diocese, in the middle of the disputes between the Teutonic Order and the Kingdom of Poland, especially over who was the real owner of the Diocese of [[Gdańsk Pomerania]] (in fact, the Diocese was part of the Bishopric of Włocławek), and this event made almost impossible the rule of Jan over his Bishopric. This resulted in an increasing willingness to cooperate with Poland from Jan, particularly as revealed in the great wars of the Teutonic Order in 1410, when thanks to the mediation of Bishop of Gdańsk, he paid homage to the King. |
In 1401 Władysław Opolczyk died, an event who finally give the complete reconciliation between Jan and the Polish King; now, Jan's ambitions were focused in recover the [[List of bishops of Kujawy|Bishopric of Włocławek]]. One year later (in 1402), Jan was named Bishop, and remained in this post until his death. The Włocławek hierarchy wasn't the easiest, mainly due to the position of the Diocese, in the middle of the disputes between the Teutonic Order and the Kingdom of Poland, especially over who was the real owner of the Diocese of [[Gdańsk Pomerania]] (in fact, the Diocese was part of the Bishopric of Włocławek), and this event made almost impossible the rule of Jan over his Bishopric. This resulted in an increasing willingness to cooperate with Poland from Jan, particularly as revealed in the great wars of the Teutonic Order in 1410, when thanks to the mediation of Bishop of Gdańsk, he paid homage to the King. |
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The decision of Jan to remain on the Polish side had serious consecuences to him: in 1411 he was imprisoned by the citizens of [[Wrocław]], who are subjects |
The decision of Jan to remain on the Polish side had serious consecuences to him: in 1411 he was imprisoned by the citizens of [[Wrocław]], who are subjects of the Bohemian Kingdom, and this way they could neutralized the activities of the Bishop. Jan regained his freedom after three months as a result of the personal intervention of [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund of Luxembourg]], King of Hungary. The city of Wrocław was forced into a humiliating apology ceremony. In general, the relationship between Jan and the House of Luxembourg were good, and thanks to this, the Bishop could obtain as new revenues the Abbeys of [[Szekszard]] and [[Pannonhalma]]. |
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During 1415-1417 Jan took part in the [[Council of Constance]], who ended with the [[Western Schism]]. During the Council Jan obtain from the Teutonic Order, thanks to the influence of the Curia and the support of the Polish delegation, the guarantee over the inviolability of the Bishopric of Gdańsk Pomerania. Also, Jan could received the satisfaction of the punishment given to the Bishop of Wrocław for his unlawful imprisonment few years earlier. |
During 1415-1417 Jan took part in the [[Council of Constance]], who ended with the [[Western Schism]]. During the Council Jan obtain from the Teutonic Order, thanks to the influence of the Curia and the support of the Polish delegation, the guarantee over the inviolability of the Bishopric of Gdańsk Pomerania. Also, Jan could received the satisfaction of the punishment given to the Bishop of Wrocław for his unlawful imprisonment few years earlier. |
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As Bishop of Włocławek, Jan was an excellent ruler and the revenues of the Bishopric have increased significantly. He was also to raised the category of the Diocese, after ordened the build of a magnificent cathedral. |
As Bishop of Włocławek, Jan was an excellent ruler and the revenues of the Bishopric have increased significantly. He was also to raised the category of the Diocese, after ordened the build of a magnificent cathedral. Throughout his life, and despite his Church career, Jan always used the title, firstly ''Jan, Duke of Strzelce'', and later ''Jan, Duke of Opole''. |
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Jan died on 3 March 1421 and was buried in the [[Dominican]] church in [[Opole]]. In his will, he left a considerable amount of money to the city. |
Jan died on 3 March 1421 and was buried in the [[Dominican]] church in [[Opole]]. In his will, he left a considerable amount of money to the city. |
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==References== |
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Throughout his life, and despite his Church career, Jan always used the title, firstly ''Jan, Duke of Strzelce'', and later ''Jan, Duke of Opole''. Also he completely approved the politics followed by his younger brothers. He was certainly a colorful and very original character, but his manners are not enough light to the end of licowały to the severity of piastowanych church. This gave rise to the evolution of a certain John as a politician - a political brawler who make everything to raise her income to her husband stubbornly fighting the state for reasons of its bishopric on the council of Constance (even if in this case fought on the occasion of its revenue). |
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*{{Polish|Jan Kropidło|24 May 2009}} |
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*[http://genealogy.euweb.cz/piast/piast8.html#KWO Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast] |
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*[http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SILESIA.htm#BoleslawIIIdied1382 SILESIA] |
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*[http://www8.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/cgi-bin/stoyan/l1/LANG=span/INDEX=I110799 Chronological Dates in Stoyan] |
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*[http://www.poczet.com/opolscy.htm Genealogy of Dukes of Opole] |
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{{s-start}} |
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[[pl:Stanisław A. Sroka]] |
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{{s-reg}} |
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{{s-bef | before=[[Bolko III of Strzelce|Bolko III]]}} |
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{{s-ttl | title=[[Dukes of Silesia|Duke of Strzelce]]<br/> ''with Bolko IV,<br/> Henry II (until 1394)<br/> and Bernard''|years=1382–1396}} |
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{{s-aft | after=[[Bolko IV of Opole|Bolko IV]] and<br/> [[Bernard of Niemodlin|Bernard]]}} |
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|- |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Władysław Opolczyk]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Dukes of Silesia|Duke of Opole]]<br/> ''with Bolko IV and<br/> Bernard (until 1400)'' |years=1396–1421}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Bolko IV of Opole|Bolko IV]]}} |
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|- |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Mikołaj z Górki]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Bishops of Poznań|Bishop of Poznań]]|years=1382–1384}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Dobrogost z Nowego Dworu]]}} |
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|- |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Zbylut z Wąsoczy]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[List of bishops of Kujawy|Bishop of Włocławek]]|years=1384–1389}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Henry VIII of Legnica]]}} |
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|- |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Bodzanta]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[List of archbishops of Gniezno and primates of Poland|Archbishop of Gniezno]]<br/> (onfly formally)|years=1389–1394}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Dobrogost z Nowego Dworu]]}} |
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|- |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Jan Brunosis]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień|Bishop of Kamień]]|years=1394–1398}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Mikołaj Schieffenburg]]}} |
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|- |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Mikołaj Schieffenburg]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Bishopric of Culm (Chełmno)|Bishop of Chełmno]]|years=1398–1402}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Arnold Stapel]]}} |
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|- |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Mikołaj Kurowski]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[List of bishops of Kujawy|Bishop of Włocławek]]|years=1402–1421}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Jan Pella]]}} |
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{{end}} |
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[[Category:1360s births]] |
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[[Category:1421 deaths]] |
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[[Category:House of Piast]] |
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[[nl:Jan Kropidło]] |
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[[pl:Jan Kropidło]] |
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Revision as of 19:19, 24 May 2009
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Jan Kropidło (Polish: Jan Kropidło; b. 1360/64 - d. 3 March 1421), was a Duke of Strzelce during 1382-1396, Duke of Opole since 1396 (only formally), Bishop of Poznań during 1382-1384, Bishop of Włocławek during 1384-1389, nominate Archbishop of Gniezno during 1389-1394, Bishop of Kamień during 1394-1398, Bishop of Chełmno during 1398-1402, and again Bishop of Włocławek from 1402 until his death.
He was the eldest son of Duke Bolko III of Strzelce by his wife Anna, probably daughter of Duke Jan I of Oświęcim.
Jan's nickname "Kropidło" means aspergillum - an instrument used to sprinkle holy water, in alusion to his Church career. However, Stanisław A. Sroka in his book "Piastowie-Leksykon Biograficzny", wrote that he received this nickname due to his thick hair.
Life
For unknown reasons, although he was the eldest male of four siblings, since his early years was destined to the Church. His rapid ascent in the ecclesiastic career was largely due to his uncle, Władysław Opolczyk, who aided Jan as a guardian of his minor brothers when their father Bolko III died in 1382 and all inherited Strzelce as co-rulers.
With the support of his uncle (then Count palatine of Hungary) already in 1379 he was named Provost of the Spisz Chapter, who give him a significant revenue. Despite his new duties, Jan would study Law and Theology in Prague and Bologna.
In 1382 Jan returned to Silesia, where, thanks to the support of King Louis I of Hungary and Poland, he was appointed Bishop of Poznań. Jan remained in this office only two years, because in 1384 he received the more profitable Bishopric of Włocławek.
In 1388, the death of Archbishop Bodzanta give to Jan the opportunity to obtain a more politically and important position: the Archbishopric of Gniezno. Despite the Papal consent, Jan never could took place the title an goods of the Archbishopric. The decisive objection was made by the new Polish King, Władysław II Jagiełło, who, at that was involved in a bitter dispute with Władysław Opolczyk, preferred not accepted the nomination of the nephew of his enemy to the most important position in the Church of Poland, who could be place him in a risky position. The fact that Jan originally didn't want to combine forces with his uncle doesn't count. The dispute over the Archbishopric lasted until 1394, when Jan, unable to obtain the recognition of the King, finally resigned. The period of struggle for the Archbishopric, was probably the heaviest in Jan's life, and severely affected his finances.
Soon after, Jan obtain the post of Bishop of Kamień. The revenues of the Diocese were little, and therefore the asked to the Pope the right to reap revenues from goods of the Bishopric of Poznań. Again, the opposition of King Władysław II prevented him to obtain the rich benefices. In 1398 Jan was named Bishop of Chełmno, whose territory lying entirely within the Teutonic Order. In 1399 he went to Poland, but in Kalisz Jan was stopped by partisans of King Władysław II, who forcing him to take the oath of loyalty.
In 1401 Władysław Opolczyk died, an event who finally give the complete reconciliation between Jan and the Polish King; now, Jan's ambitions were focused in recover the Bishopric of Włocławek. One year later (in 1402), Jan was named Bishop, and remained in this post until his death. The Włocławek hierarchy wasn't the easiest, mainly due to the position of the Diocese, in the middle of the disputes between the Teutonic Order and the Kingdom of Poland, especially over who was the real owner of the Diocese of Gdańsk Pomerania (in fact, the Diocese was part of the Bishopric of Włocławek), and this event made almost impossible the rule of Jan over his Bishopric. This resulted in an increasing willingness to cooperate with Poland from Jan, particularly as revealed in the great wars of the Teutonic Order in 1410, when thanks to the mediation of Bishop of Gdańsk, he paid homage to the King.
The decision of Jan to remain on the Polish side had serious consecuences to him: in 1411 he was imprisoned by the citizens of Wrocław, who are subjects of the Bohemian Kingdom, and this way they could neutralized the activities of the Bishop. Jan regained his freedom after three months as a result of the personal intervention of Sigismund of Luxembourg, King of Hungary. The city of Wrocław was forced into a humiliating apology ceremony. In general, the relationship between Jan and the House of Luxembourg were good, and thanks to this, the Bishop could obtain as new revenues the Abbeys of Szekszard and Pannonhalma.
During 1415-1417 Jan took part in the Council of Constance, who ended with the Western Schism. During the Council Jan obtain from the Teutonic Order, thanks to the influence of the Curia and the support of the Polish delegation, the guarantee over the inviolability of the Bishopric of Gdańsk Pomerania. Also, Jan could received the satisfaction of the punishment given to the Bishop of Wrocław for his unlawful imprisonment few years earlier.
As Bishop of Włocławek, Jan was an excellent ruler and the revenues of the Bishopric have increased significantly. He was also to raised the category of the Diocese, after ordened the build of a magnificent cathedral. Throughout his life, and despite his Church career, Jan always used the title, firstly Jan, Duke of Strzelce, and later Jan, Duke of Opole.
Jan died on 3 March 1421 and was buried in the Dominican church in Opole. In his will, he left a considerable amount of money to the city.